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    Crops in India

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    adm
    The document discusses the major crops grown in India, dividing them into three seasons - Kharif crops grown during the monsoon season, Rabi crops grown during winter, and Zaid crops grown between the two seasons. Some of the key crops described are rice, wheat, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, and coffee. Major producing states and climatic needs of each crop are provided. India is a top producer of many crops globally, especially rice, wheat, sugarcane, tea and coffee.

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    Crops in India

    Uploaded by

    adm
    523 views13 pages
    The document discusses the major crops grown in India, dividing them into three seasons - Kharif crops grown during the monsoon season, Rabi crops grown during winter, and Zaid crops grown between the two seasons. Some of the key crops described are rice, wheat, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, and coffee. Major producing states and climatic needs of each crop are provided. India is a top producer of many crops globally, especially rice, wheat, sugarcane, tea and coffee.

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    CROPS IN INDIA

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    The document discusses the major crops grown in India, dividing them into three seasons - Kharif crops grown during the monsoon season, Rabi crops grown during winter, and Zaid crops grown between the two seasons. Some of the key crops described are rice, wheat, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, and coffee. Major producing states and climatic needs of each crop are provided. India is a top producer of many crops globally, especially rice, wheat, sugarcane, tea and coffee.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    523 views13 pages

    Crops in India

    Uploaded by

    adm
    The document discusses the major crops grown in India, dividing them into three seasons - Kharif crops grown during the monsoon season, Rabi crops grown during winter, and Zaid crops grown between the two seasons. Some of the key crops described are rice, wheat, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, and coffee. Major producing states and climatic needs of each crop are provided. India is a top producer of many crops globally, especially rice, wheat, sugarcane, tea and coffee.

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    CROPS IN INDIA – KNOW ABOUT KHARIF, RABI & ZAID CROPS IN INDIA!

    Agriculture plays a vital role in the Indian economy. Agriculture is the backbone
    of our country. It includes farming of crops, animal husbandry, pisciculture,
    agro-forestry etc. Nearly 60% of Indian Population primarily depend on
    agriculture. Agriculture along with fisheries, forestry and other allied sectors
    contribute around 15.87% to the overall GDP of our country. The particular
    weather and soil conditions allow for crops in India uniquely suited to it. Let us
    take a look at the major crops in India.

    CROP SEASONS IN INDIA


    India is the top producer of many crops in the world. There can be many ways
    to divide the types of crops (based on area, season, economic value etc.). Based
    on seasons, the crops in India are divided into three types: Rabi, Kharif and Zaid.

    KHARIF CROPS

     Sown in June-July when rains first begin (Monsoon crop).


     Harvested in September-October.
     Requires lot of water and hot weather to grow.
     Example: Rice, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Cotton, Groundnut, Jute, Sugarcane,
    Turmeric, Pulses (like Urad Dal) etc.
    RABI CROPS

     Sown in October-November
     Harvested in April-May.
     Requires warm climate for germination of seeds and maturation and cold
    climate for the growth.
     Example: Wheat, Oat, Gram, Pea, Barley, Potato, Tomato, Onion, Oil seeds
    (like Rapeseed, Sunflower, Sesame, Mustard) etc.

    ZAID CROPS

     Grown between March-June between Rabi and Kharif crop seasons.


     Early maturing crops.
     Example: Cucumber, Bitter Gourd, Pumpkin, Watermelon, Muskmelon,
    Moong Dal etc.

    CATEGORIES OF CROPS IN INDIA


    The major crops can all be divided into four main categories depending on their
    usage.

    1. Food Crops (Wheat, Maize, Rice, Millets and Pulses etc.)


    2. Cash Crops (Sugarcane, Tobacco, Cotton, Jute and Oilseeds etc.)
    3. Plantation Crops (Coffee, Coconut, Tea, and Rubber etc.)
    4. Horticulture crops (Fruits and Vegetables)
    Major Types of Crops in India
    Now let us look at the major crops in India in detail.

    RICE

     Rice is a tropical crop that can be grown almost throughout the year.
     It depends on atmospheric moisture and rainfall for irrigation.
     India is the 2nd largest producer of rice in the world.
     India has largest area in world under rice cultivation.
     Productivity is low compared to wheat because Green Revolution primarily
    boosted wheat production in India.
     The traditional rice fields are known as paddy fields and require to be flooded
    with 10-12 cm deep water in the early stages.

    Major Crops in India – Rice


    Type of Crop Kharif, Rabi
    Techniques Used Transplantation technique,
    Japanese Transplantation technique,
    new SRI technique
    Varieties Aman, Sali, Afghani, Aus, Boro, Palua
    Temperature ∼ 24 0C
    Rainfall ∼ 150 cm
    Soil type Clay/ Loamy
    Major Producers West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh,
    Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Bihar,
    Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Assam,
    Tamil Nadu, Haryana
    Highest Producer West Bengal
    Highest per Hectare Yield Punjab
    Research Centre Cuttack, Odisha
    Highest Producing Country China
    WHEAT

     It is the 2nd most important food crop in India. It is a Rabi crop.


     India stands second in production of wheat worldwide.
     It is more flexible in terms of climactic and other conditions of growth.
    Major Crops in India – Wheat

    Type of Crop Rabi

    Varieties Kalyan Sona, Sonalika, Heera

    Temperature 17-20 °C

    Rainfall 20-100 cm (ideal ~75 cm)

    Soil type Clay loam, Sandy loam

    Major Producers Uttar Pradesh, Punjab,


    Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan,
    Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra,
    West Bengal, Uttarakhand

    Highest Producer Uttar Pradesh

    Highest per Hectare Yield Punjab

    Research Centre Karnal, Haryana

    Highest Producing Country China


    COTTON

     Cotton is a tropical and subtropical Kharif crop.


     It is a fiber crop and is known as ‘White gold’.
     India ranks 3rd in the production of cotton worldwide.
     It is a dry crop but roots need timely supply of water at maturity.
    Major Crops in India – Cotton

    Type of Crop Kharif

    Varieties Long Staple, Medium Staple, Short Staple

    Temperature 21-30 °C

    Rainfall 50-100 cm

    Soil type Black soil (Highly water retentive soil)

    Major Producers Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,


    Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab,
    Rajasthan, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Orissa

    Highest Producer Gujarat (According to the 2015 report)

    Research Centre Nagpur, Maharashtra

    Highest Producing Country China

    JUTE

     Jute is a tropical plant that requires hot and humid climate.


     It is one of the most important natural fibres in terms of cultivation and usage.
     Almost 85% of the world’s jute is cultivated in the Ganges Delta.

    Major Crops in India – Jute


    Type of Crop Zaid
    Varieties White Jute, Tossa Jute
    Temperature 24-35 °C
    Rainfall 125-200 cm
    Soil type Sandy and Clay Loam
    Major Producers West Bengal, Bihar, Assam,
    Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Meghalaya,
    Nagaland, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh
    Highest Producer West Bengal
    Highest per Hectare Yield West Bengal
    Research Centre Kolkata & Nilgunj, West Bengal
    Highest Producing Country India (but highest exporter is Bangladesh)

    SUGARCANE

     Sugarcane is an important cash crop. India stands at 2nd position among all
    countries in the world in its production.
     Sugarcane crop requires long rainy season of at least 7-8 months.
     Traditional Sugarcane Production was in North India but it has also shifted to
    South India.
     North India Sugarcane are of sub-tropical variety and so have low sugar
    content.
     Also sugar factories have to remain shut in winter seasons in North India.
     South India- Tropical Variety and coastal areas hence have high sugar content
    and high yield.
    Major Crops in India – Sugarcane

    Type of Crop Kharif, Rabi

    Temperature 20-26 °C

    Rainfall 75-150 cm

    Soil type Clayey Loamy Soil/ Black Cotton Soil/


    Red Loamy Soil/ Brown Loamy Soil

    Major Producers Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka,


    Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
    Gujarat, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Punjab

    Highest Producer Uttar Pradesh

    Highest per Hectare Yield Tamil Nadu

    Research Centre Lucknow

    Highest Producing Country Brazil


    TEA

     Tea is an evergreen plant that mainly grows in tropical and subtropical


    climates.
     Tea is a labour intensive crop and 50% of the labourers are women.
     It grows faster under light shade. Commercial cultivation of tea started in India
    from British era.
     India is the 2nd largest producer and the largest consumer of tea in the world.
     Tea plants require high rainfall but its roots cannot tolerate water logging.
    Hence, it requires sloppy areas.
    Major Crops in India – Tea

    Temperature 20-30 °C

    Rainfall 150-300 cm

    Soil type Loamy soil which is acidic in nature


    and rich in organic matter.

    Major Producers Assam, Darjeeling (West Bengal),


    Meghalaya, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh,
    Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

    Highest Producer Assam

    Research Centre Tocklai, Assam

    Highest Producing Country China


    COFFEE

     Coffees are grown in shade and commonly with two tiers of shade.
     Growing altitudes of coffee range between 1,000 to 1,500 m above sea level for
    Arabica (premier coffee), and 500 to 1,000 m for Robusta (lower quality).
     Both varieties are planted in well-drained soil conditions that favour rich
    organic matter.
     Coffee plantation is done along hilly slope.
     Slopes of Arabica tend to be gentle to moderate, while Robusta slopes are
    gentle to fairly level.
    Major Crops in India – Coffee

    Varieties Arabica and Robusta

    Temperature 16-28°C

    Rainfall 150-250 cm

    Soil type Well-drained forest loam

    Major Producers Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala,


    Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha,
    Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh,
    Manipur, Nagaland

    Highest Producer Karnataka

    Highest Producing Country Brazil


    SPICES
    India has been known for its spices since ancient times.
    Cardamom (Queen of Aromatic Spices) – Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
    Pepper (King of Spices) – Kerala
    Chillies – Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan
    Turmeric – Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
    Nutmeg – Kerala
    Arecanut – Kerala, Karnataka, Tripura, Assam
    Coconut – Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
    Cinnamon – Kerala
    Clove – Kerala
    Ginger – Kerala, Meghalaya, Sikkim
    Major Crops in India – Spices

    Location 1000-2000m altitude of Western Ghats and other hilly


    areas

    Temperature 10-30 °C

    Rainfall 200-300 cm

    Soil type Loamy soil/ Lateritic soil

    Major Producers Kerala, Karnataka

    Highest Kerala
    Producer

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