Organizational Behaviour
Organizational Behaviour
Organizational Behaviour
True/False
Question
If the stress persists, or the defensive reaction proves ineffective, the organism develops itself for
the fight mechanism.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
There exist some organizational stressors which relate to its structure and climate.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
At the supervisory level the requirement of conceptual skill is the highest.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Human behaviour is simple to understand
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
All parts of the organizational system are independent.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Morale indicates a group phenomenon.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The higher the number of the petty grievances, the higher is the morale.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Handling of crises by managers and employees reveals an organizational culture.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Music has a direct effect on productivity.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
Multiple Choice Single Answer
Question
Different kinds of work like heavy and muscular work, or light work, or clerical work yield curves
that are-
Correct Answer
different from each other
Your Answer
different from each other
Organizational Behaviour - 4
True/False
Question
In managing cultural diversity, organization must have a relatively non-bureaucratic structure.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Repetitive tasks give rise to the same degree of boredom in all persons.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Cultural elements and their relationships create a pattern that is identical in all organizations.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
As compared to the content models, the expectancy models are very simple and easy to translate
into actual practice.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Illumination Experiment is a part of Hawthorne experiments.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Whatever an individual does, there is always some sort and some amount of stress on him.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The more successful the organization is, the less effective is its internal communication.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Organization culture and performance is directly related.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
Multiple Choice Multiple Answer
Question
Identify the process influence personality development.
Correct Answer
Socialization process , Identification process
Your Answer
Socialization process , Identification process
True/False
Question
Research activity emphasizes least collaboration and team work among workers.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
A change in the organization requires a corresponding change in the employee's individual
personality.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
The leadership process is a function which relates only to the leader and other situational
variables.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Conceptual skill is the distinguishing feature of job performance at the operating level.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
In the process of perception, feedback is important for interpreting the perceptual event.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Social self is the way an individual appears to self.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Present Indian government protects the Indian industry from foreign competition.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
External adaptation and survival has to do with the establishment and maintenance of effective
working relationships among the members of the organization.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The perceptual process shall always result in correct judgment or understanding of facts.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Valence refers to the degree of favourableness or unfavourableness towards object.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Perceptual similarity is a major cause of industrial conflicts.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question Each major change in a work situation carries with it an element of uncertainty.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question A mediator should act as a neutral party.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
Free rein leaders Avoid power and responsibility Avoid power and responsibility
Negative leaders Act domineering and superior with their subordinates Exercise control mostly by
using forces within the group
Autocratic leaders Provide security and satisfaction to his subordinates Act domineering and
superior with their subordinates
Participative leaders Exercise control mostly by using forces within the group Provide conceptual
skills to his subordinates
True/False
Question Any organizational change faces employee resistance because it is perceived as loss of
something of value as a result of the change.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question People tend to process pleasant stimuli more efficiently and accurately than they do
unpleasant stimuli.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Effective communication can be seen as the foundation of modern organizations.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question The process theories in general lack explanatory power over the complexities of work
motivation.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
Multiple Choice Multiple Answer
Question When an organisation is confronted with a threat, according to the general adaptation
theory the physiological response will occur in which of the three stages?
Correct Answer Alarm reaction , Resistance reaction , State of exhaustion
Your Answer Alarm reaction , Resistance reaction , State of exhaustion
True/False
Question Alderfer's ERG needs model is very rigid in nature.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question Rest provides the opportunity to recover from fatigue.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Organizational culture exists on different levels which differ in terms of visibility and
resistance to change.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
Organizational Behaviour - 1
Question
The relationship in which one person influences others to work together willingly on related tasks
is known as ________.
Correct Answer
Leadership
Question
Congruent change in attitude means movement in:-
Correct Answer
The same direction
Your Answer
The same direction
True/False
Question
In the case of intra-organizational negotiations, groups often negotiate as representatives.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Cultural elements and their relationships create a pattern that is identical in all organizations.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Research activity emphasizes least collaboration and team work among workers.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
In the counter shock phase, the defensive mechanism becomes passive.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
The more successful the organization is, the less effective is its internal communication.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The primary concern of ego is to determine whether the action proposed by superego is right or
wrong.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Cohesiveness is influenced by the degree of compatibility between team goals and individual
member's goals.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The social needs are so strong that even the cruelest criminals dread the punishment of solitary
confinement.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Whatever an individual does, there is always some sort and some amount of stress on him.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Motivation represents a relationship between need, drive and goal.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
Organizational Behaviour - 20
True/False
Question The super ego acts as a censor on the individual.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer False
True/False
Question Values and attitudes are acquired and learned from
experience with people and objects.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Some of the attitudes are developed through imitation.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Organizational commitment by employees does not lead to
loyalty.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question There are five primary levels of conflicts.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question If organizations' interests suffer, it does not impact
employees interest
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
Organization help people achieve their own personal objectives At the same
time people help organizations achieve its objectives At the same time
people help organizations achieve its objectives
True/False
Question Change takes place in all part of organization.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Ego i.e attachment to self temptations envy or hate, or the
,main organizational stressors
Correct Answer False
Your Answer True
True/False
Question The authoritarian leader encourages group discussion and
decision- making
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question A purpose, expressed as a message to be conveyed, passes
between a source ( the sender ) and a receiver
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
Organizational Behaviour - 19
True/False
Question Feeling of insecurity usually makes a man under-productive.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question OB is mainly concerned with the study of human behavior at
work.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Maximum adaptation occurs during the stage of resistance.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question If the stress persists, or the defensive reaction proves
ineffective, the organism develops itself for the fight mechanism.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question A manager can be effective by just having a sound knowledge
of his area of work
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question Rest pauses provide an opportunity to talk and think only
about job-related activities
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question Career development of employees facilitates development of
whole person concept.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Illumination Experiment is a part of Hawthorne experiments.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Effective communication can be seen as the foundation of
modern organizations.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
Organizational Behaviour - 18
True/False
Question The self-managed teams usually consist of employees whose
work is related to manufacturing an entire product.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer False
True/False
Question Norms are often more liberally defined.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer True
True/False
Question The more successful the organization is, the less effective
is its internal communication.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question Research has found that all communication channels are equal
in their capacity to convey information.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question Eustress is very harmful to the person suffering from it.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Fred Luthans is known as the father of "Scientific
Management".
Correct Answer False
Your Answer True
True/False
Question While physiological need have a reference to the future, the
safety needs take care of the present.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer True
True/False
Question The social needs are so strong that even the cruelest
criminals dread the punishment of solitary confinement.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question According to Herzberg's factor, hygiene factor for one
employee is the hygiene factor for all the employees within the
organization.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Organization culture and performance is directly related.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
Organizational Behaviour - 17
True/False
Question
According to Larking, the upward communication will be effective only if the top
managers communicated directly with the staff members.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Laissez faire leader is very directive in his approach.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Illumination Experiment is a part of Hawthorne experiments.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Productivity can be high inspite of morale being low because of the rigid management
control system.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Employees and organization can prosper if they help each other.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Handling of crises by managers and employees reveals an organizational culture.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
At the supervisory level the requirement of conceptual skill is the highest.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Research states that active smoking is more harmful than passive smoking.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The challenge relating to management of change can be met only with effective
leadership.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Research activity emphasizes least collaboration and team work among workers.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
Attempt 2
LIST OF ATTEMPTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
True/False
Question
Human skill is the ability to work effectively with people and to build teamwork.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Once the team reaches the performing stage, the team members become familiar with
each other.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Promotion is recognition of one's capabilities to shoulder higher responsibilities.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Cross-functional teams are often less effective in situations that require adaptabilityand
speed.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Organizational culture exists on different levels which differ in terms of visibility and
resistance to change.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Morale is a static phenomenon.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
So as to cope with stress effectively, it is necessary to have a health body.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Effective communication can be seen as the foundation of modern organizations.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
There exist some organizational stressors which relate to its structure and climate.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
Organizational Behaviour - 16
True/False
Question 4.
Morale indicates a group phenomenon.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question 12.
Feeling of insecurity usually makes a man under-productive.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question 13.
Conceptual skill is the distinguishing feature of job performance at the operating level.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question 15.
Productivity can be high inspite of morale being low because of the rigid management
control system.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question 17.
Whatever an individual does, there is always some sort and some amount of stress on
him.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question 25.
According to Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation, when an individual desires a
particular outcome the value of valence is negative.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question 29.
As compared to the content models, the expectancy models are very simple and easy to
translate into actual practice.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question 32.
Research states that active smoking is more harmful than passive smoking.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question 37.
Organization culture and performance is directly related.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
Organizational Behaviour - 15
True/False
Question
It is said that the technical skill plays a major part in the leadership behaviour.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
Multiple Choice Multiple Answer
Question
State the needs as stated by Abraham Maslow in his theory.
Correct Answer
Domination , Gratification , Activation
Your Answer
Domination , Gratification , Activation
True/False
Question
The more successful the organization is, the less effective is its internal communication.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
In the countershock phase, the defensive mechanism becomes passive.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Research has found that all communication channels are equal in their capacity to
convey information.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
At the organizational level, employees' stress may have negative effect on morale and
job satisfaction.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Friends and colleagues are unable to correctly detect whether an individual is under
stress.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
The social needs are so strong that even the cruelest criminals dread the punishment of
solitary confinement.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
A need once satisfied is a spent force and hence acts as a motivator.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Career development of employees facilitates development of whole person concept.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
Organizational Behaviour - 14
True/False
Question
Any change occurring in our life is a reason to get stressed.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Morale represents the integration of an individual with the team and ignores the
organization itself.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
The challenge relating to management of change can be met only with effective
leadership.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Norms are often more liberally defined.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The men on the shop floor are less vulnerable to stress as compared the members of the
board of directors.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Once the team reaches the performing stage, the team members become familiar with
each other.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The process theories in general lack explanatory power over the complexities of work
motivation.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
Organizational Behaviour - 13
True/False
Question
The super ego acts as a censor on the individual.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Assessment of an employee‟s performance depends on the perception of the person who
evaluates
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Size of the stimulus attracts attention
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Aggression has nothing to do with emotional transference.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Theory Y people are very lazy.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Accomplishment of goal is influenced by an individual‟s ability and role perception.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Discouraging undesirable behaviour will enhance value to organizational culture.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The leadership process is a function of the leader , the follower and other situational
variables
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Democratic leaders take full authority and assume full responsibility
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Upward communication is more prevalent than downward communication
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
Organizational Behaviour - 12
True/False
Question
Usually, the subordinates prefer the democratic leader.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Employees and organization can prosper if they help each other.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The purpose should be expressed only after the communication process is completed.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Productivity can be high inspite of morale being low because of the rigid management
control system.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
All parts of the organizational system are independent.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
The Porter-Lawler model states that effort necessarily leads to performance and
satisfaction.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Promotion is recognition of one's capabilities to shoulder higher responsibilities.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Organisations are defined as group of people, who come together to achieve uncommon
objectives.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
The research has shown that even the minor or trivial occurrences in life can create
stress.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
Organizational Behaviour - 11
True/False
Question
Organizational commitment by employees does not lead to loyalty.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Job enlargement means adding other task to the job.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
There is no scope for dilemmas in intra personal conflicts.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
A strange culture is better able to learn from it‟s past.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The use of tobacco with alcohol is good for health
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Participative leaders decentralize authority
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Free Rein leaders avoid power and responsibility
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Adjourning is the termination of work behaviour
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
For many employees, their work group is a primary source for social interaction
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Try to see other person as he or she really is
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
Organizational Behaviour - 10
Multiple Choice Single Answer
Question
Written communication is a
Correct Answer
Non-Direct Communication
Your Answer
Direct Communication
True/False
Question
Super ego is the moralistic segment of the human personality.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
There is no relationship between five personality factors and job performance.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
There is no connection between morale, attitude & productivity.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Boredom can be reduced but at a great loss in efficiency.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Problems shoud be diagnosed accurately for the change process.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
As the Supervisory level the requirement of technical skills is the highest
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Negative leaders display authority in the false belief that it frightens everyone into
productivity
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
In the norming stage team members set the rules by which the team will operate.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The message is encoded and is passed by way of some medium (channel) to the receiver,
who retranslates (decodes ) the message initiated by the sender
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
Organizational Behaviour - 9
Multiple Choice Single Answer
Question
Written communication is a
Correct Answer
Non-Direct Communication
Your Answer
Direct Communication
True/False
Question
Super ego is the moralistic segment of the human personality.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
There is no relationship between five personality factors and job performance.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
There is no connection between morale, attitude & productivity.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Boredom can be reduced but at a great loss in efficiency.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Problems shoud be diagnosed accurately for the change process.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
As the Supervisory level the requirement of technical skills is the highest
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Negative leaders display authority in the false belief that it frightens everyone into
productivity
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
In the norming stage team members set the rules by which the team will operate.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The message is encoded and is passed by way of some medium (channel) to the receiver,
who retranslates (decodes ) the message initiated by the sender
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
Organizational Behaviour - 8
True/False
Question
An individual‟s own social and personality features does not cause a divergence
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Vroom theory has taken into consideration the individual differences based on
individual perceptions.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
A self actualization person is task oriented and is not taken in by the personal criticism
or prise.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Rewards for behaviour in support of change help in overcoming resistance for change.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Procedural conflict occurs when individuals follow sance process to achieve an
objective.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
An idea, no matter how great, is useless until it is transmitted and understood by others
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Effective communication cannot be seen as the foundation o modern organisation‟s.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question Valence refers to the degree of favourableness or unfavourableness towards
object.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Hearing and seeing do not influence perception
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question Pressure for change are created only outside and not inside the organization.
Correct Answer False
Your Answer False
True/False
Question Participative management style facilitate implementing change in
organization.
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Leadership is one form of clominaxe in which the followers more or less
willingly accept direction and control by anther person
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question The Laiseez Faire leadership climate produces the greatest number of
aggressive acts from the group
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question Conceptual skill is the ability to work effectively with people and to build
teamwork
Correct Answer False
Your Answer True
True/False
Question As the Supervisory level the requirement of technical skills is the highest
Correct Answer True
Your Answer False
True/False
Question Participative leaders decentralize authority
Correct Answer True
Your Answer True
True/False
Question
Norms are often more liberally defined.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
The technology necessitates an organization to change its process of manufacturing,
make structural changes, etc.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
Stress affects different people but in the same manner.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
Multiple Choice Multiple Answer
Question
Sona and Sunil work on the cost reduction project. Their target is to reduce costs by
15%. Sona is of the view that the total salary of all managers should be reduced by
15%. However, Sunil finds this move to be too taxing on the managers. He opines that
only leave travel concession of the managers should be cut down by 15%. Narang is
appointed as a mediator. What qualities should Narang possess in order to be successful
mediator for resolving the given conflict between Sona and Sunil?
Correct Answer
Narang should be able to diagnose the conflict properly , Narang should show mutual
acceptance , Narang should have the ability to provide emotional support
Your Answer
Narang should be able to diagnose the conflict properly , Narang should show mutual
acceptance , Narang should have the ability to provide emotional support
True/False
Question
A motivated employee is highly productive but least interested in quality.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Usually, the first impression stops affecting any of your later perception of the
individual.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
If coincidentally, five out of fifteen employees working in the sales division quit their
jobs at about the same time, it is more likely to be perceived as a problem with the
manager of the sales division.
Correct Answer
True
Your Answer
True
True/False
Question
The perceptual process shall always result in correct judgment or understanding of
facts.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
The primary concern of ego is to determine whether the action proposed by superego is
right or wrong.
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
True/False
Question
Freud calls ego as "Libido".
Correct Answer
False
Your Answer
False
Intensity
It implies that more intense the stimulus audio or visual, the more is the likelihood it
will be perceived.
Size
Any odd size attracts attention. A great tall man attracts attention at the same time
small size man also attracts attention. Although the increase in attention may not be
directly proportional to the increase in size.
Contrast
Which stand out against the background or which, are not the people expect will receive
attention. Any change in accustomed atmosphere attracts the attention.
Repetition
Repeated external stimulus attracts more attention than the one that occurs at one time
alone.
Motion
It implies that individual attracts to changing objects in their vision that to static
objects. Because of this advertisers involve signs, which include moving objects in their
campaigns.
Habit
A Hindu will bow and do Namaskar when he sees a temple on his way. Likely soldier
will throw himself on ground when he hears sudden burst of car tyre.
Learning
Learning plays a crucial role in primitive organization. It can play the single biggest
role in developing perpetual set.
Q11. As a Manager, what steps would you take to reduce the stress on your employees?
Answer : Stress is the “wear and tear” our bodies experience as we adjust to our
continually changing environment; it has physical and emotional effects on us and can
create positive or negative feelings. As a positive influence, stress can help compel us to
action; it can result in a new awareness and an exciting new perspective. As a negative
influence, it can result in feelings of distrust, rejection, anger, and depression.
Organizational Strategies for managing employee stress are:-
Create supportive organizational climate.
Convince employees that their contributions are significant.
Rotate employees out of potentially stressful positions and do not allow them to
overwork.
Organize training programs to help employees cope with stress provide employee
counseling.
The following steps will outline the steps that the manager should take to reduce the
stress on my employees.
Step 1. Be yourself! It is important that you do not try to act like your predecessor. You
will have your own style of management and it may be that the previous manager had a
particular style that you were not comfortable with. You will have an idea of what the
best management style is for any given situation but this will only come with time,
perhaps through training and coaching. The best thing you can do is to look at yourself
and decide what you want out of the management role and what you need to do in order
to build your capabilities in that role.
Step 2. Go steadily and steadfastly to begin with. Although there is always pressure on a
manager to take up where the last manager left off, don‟t go rushing into things. Do not
be the “new broom that sweeps clean” all previous procedures away. Ensure that you
reassure your team that it will be “business as usual” at least until you get the
opportunity to speak to each team member about what their fears and hopes are as
regards you being their manager.
Step 3. Talk to people, listen and gather information. It is vital that you talk to each
member of your team. Sit down with them and “contract” with them. How do the two of
you want to work together? What are their expectations of you as their manager? What
are their hopes, fears and aspirations? What are their motivators and de-motivators? It
is important that this is a two way process and you should be asking them the same
questions so as there is mutual understanding. Also ask them what they think needs to
be done to make the team or department more effective – seek their input right at the
start.
Although it is important to talk to the team, it is also vital to talk and contract with
those senior managers who will have a “stake” in your actions. They must be
comfortable and if you “contract” with them as you would with your own team then you
will have greater understanding of them as they will have of you.
Step 4. Ensure you get coaching and mentoring from your own boss. Once you have
established a working relationship with your own manager then ensure that within this
“contract” he or she builds in time to coach and mentor you through, particularly the
early day. As a new manager you should know exactly what is expected of you in terms
of both your business objectives and your development objectives. You should have a
development plan that highlights your strengths and development areas in respect to
your new role and with the support of your manager you should start to implement that
plan immediately. Your manager should have the coaching skills to ensure that you
maintain your progress and deliver against your plan.
Step 5. Be Available and Visible. Make sure you are available and visible. It is very easy
to be “available” over the phone or through e-mail but you cannot beat a good “face to
face” very so often. It is vital to your team‟s development and progress that you make
time to sit down with them and have regular face-to-face chats. As a manager you will
be their coach and mentor and as such you should make time to coach them through
their business objectives and challenges. Don‟t hide behind “important meetings” as
many managers are apt to do.
Step 6. Avoid Favorites and ensure Consistency and Fairness. You have to ensure that
you do not let your personal preferences get in the way of you effectively managing that
team and the individuals within the team. Avoid favoritism at all costs and ensure you
treat everyone equally, fairly and consistently. The minute you take sides the team
starts to disintegrate.
Step 7. Keep communication high and as open as possible. It is important that you keep
communication levels high, letting your people know what is happening whenever
possible. Avoid being secretive where possible as people naturally jump to conclusions,
usually the wrong ones! Make sure you praise when you see something good done.
Praise is the most powerful form of feedback and unfortunately managers do not use
enough of it! Consider starting a newsletter and although you instigate it and perhaps
write the first couple of editions, let the team take over and start to delegate the tasks
involved to the team.
Step 8. Encourage the team to work together. The outputs of a well-disciplined and
effective team will always be greater than the individual outputs of the team members
and to this end you have to encourage the team to work effectively together. You have
also to get them to understand that you are learning the management game and that
you will need their support as well. If you can get the unit working cohesively together
they will support you through your early management days.
Step 9. Take time out to relax and reflect. In the attempts to get the job done, many new
managers do not take time out to relax, wind down and then reflect on their progress.
They go thrashing about from task to task never stopping to ask for feedback. This can
be dangerous to their health and also to the well being of the team as a whole. Make
sure you take a break occasionally. Your coach and mentor will ensure that this
happens
Q13. Define “Work”. What are basic concepts involved in the work performance?
Answer :
Work in essence, is the use of person‟s physiological and mental processes in attainment
of some goals. The goal may be managerial decision the sell of insurance policy, the
irrection of stone wall or the production of the steel ingot. This definition of work in
broad and it is some time criticizes b‟coz of its generality the distinction based primarily
upon motivation rather than any fundamental differences between performance
determinants. The basic principals describing and explaining both work and play are
the same.
Work curve is the representation of productivity against time spent at work s, since the
work curve differs from individual to individual and for the same individual from time
to time, we study the representative work curve. The work curve shows that initially
from the beginning of the of the shift the people start warming up about consequently
there is a continues rise in the output.
Every manger is interested in avoiding this decrement in the output.
There two main reason for this decrement to occur: -
Fatigue:
It can be defined as the tiredness of the body as result of continues physical activity, it
can avoid by introduction of authorized rest pauses. One reason for the advantage of
the authorized over unauthorized rest periods is probably placement of the rest interval
during the work period.
Elimination of the boredom:
Intelligence has positive direct correlation to boredom .An intelligent person is
susceptible to boredom. Boredom can be avoided by employing people who are slightly
less than in intelligence than the avg. intelligence
Following other factor that are useful to make surrounding more acceptable and in
order to increase the productivity and decrease boredom.
Noise
Music
Illumination
Color
Atmospheric effects
These need to be paid proper attention to avoid the fall in productivity
There are differences between values & attitudes. Attitudes essentially represent
predisposition to respond. Values focus on the judgment of what ought to be. This
judgment can represent the specific manifestation of a determining tendency below the
surface of the behaviour. Attitudes represent several beliefs focused on a specific object
or situation. Value, on the other hand, represents a single belief that transcendentally
guides actions and judgments across objects and situations. Finally, a value stands in
relation to some social or cultural standards or norms while attitudes are mostly
personal experiences.
There are similarities between values & attitudes. Both are powerful instruments
influencing cognitive process and behaviour of people. Both are learned and acquired
from the same source – experiences with people and objects. Values & attitudes are
relatively permanent and resistant to change. Finally, values and attitudes influence
each, other and are, more often than not, used interchangeable.
As an individual learns to separate the unreality from reality in childhood, the ego
develops. The ego is reality-oriented part of thinking; it is largely practical and works in
an executive capacity. Ego is rational & logical, and in essence
3.b) Explain “Primary” & “Secondary” motive with few examples of each.
Answer :
Primary Motives are the ones that are unlearned and are physiologically based. Defined
this way the most commonly recognized primary motives include hunger, thrust, sleep
avoidance of pain, sex etc.
General Motives are the ones that are unlearned but not physiologically based. Primary
needs seek to reduce the tension or stimulation. Although not all the psychologists agree
the motives such as curiosity, manipulative activity and affection etc. fall in this
category.
Secondary Motives develop as a human society develops economically and becomes
more complex. The examples of secondary motives are needs for power, need for
affiliation, need for achievement, need for security and need for status etc.
Q5. What are interpersonal conflicts? Define and discuss some of the common defense
mechanism with illustration.
Answer :
Intra personal conflicts are three. They are
Role conflict
Goal conflict
Frustration
Role conflict arises when a person is performing two different roles having contrary or
contradictory expectations at same time. A worker who is also a worker-director is
sandwiched between different expectations. On other hand he is a worker and on other
hand he is a director in the board of directors. As a director he may have to concur with
the decision, which may not be, from his point of view, in the interest of workers as such
.If he performs his role as a worker he fails in his role as a director. Conversely if he
performs his role as a worker he fails in his role as a director.
Goal conflicts:
There are types of goal conflicts. They are:
Approach – approach
Avoidance – avoidance
Approach –avoidance
Approach – Approach arises when there exist two equally positive but mutually
exclusive situations. Both are equally attractive but person can choose only one of them.
A person receiving two equally good job offers gets into this kind of conflicts. In life
somehow or the other a person makes a choice and settles down with. This kind of
conflict is not known to create tensions and stress for a long time.
Avoidance – Avoidance conflict arises when there exist two equally negative situations
one of which has to be accepted. For a prisoner continuing in the jail is negative but at
the same time if he jail breaks there is a likelihood of his getting caught and increase in
the punishment. He detests both but he has to choose either. This conflict also is not
known to create stress for a long time. Somehow or the other person makes a choice and
settles down with it.
Approach – Avoidance conflict is known to create stress in the mind of a person for a
long time. This type of conflict arises when a positive situation is coupled with a
negative one, if a person wants positive, he must choose negative too. A person wanting
a promotion but not the transfer that comes in its wake faces this kind of conflict.
Frustration occurs when need fulfillment is continually blocked or when one‟s self
image is in jeopardy. Defense mechanisms are the behaviours occurring to deal with
frustration. Before we go to discuss various defense mechanisms the following points to
be noted:
We are discussing only some of the defense mechanisms we come across commonly at
the work life.
Defense mechanisms are unconscious behaviours. These behaviours are not deliberate
behaviours. They just occur.
It is only for the sake of simplicity that they discussed separately. In life there could be a
mixture of different defense mechanisms in one behaviour.
In life there is no prioritizing when it comes to defense mechanisms for dealing with
frustration.
These defense mechanisms serve an important function of keeping the human
personality integrated.
Defense Mechanisms –
Rationalization is giving pseudo justification to explain one‟s failures. The common
examples are sour grapes or a bad workman quarreling with his tools.
Regression is sliding back in terms of one‟s chronological age. Certain patterns of
behaviours are learnt during the childhood that are subsequently, in the adult age,
replaced by the behaviours acceptable by the society. At an unguarded moment, in the
adulthood, in the flush of emotions, however these childhood behaviours take charge of
the personality of the person. A superior getting angry with his subordinate and
throwing files at him or a person throwing a pen because of the ink not flowing, are the
examples of this defense mechanism.
Aggression is also known as emotional transference. This is giving vent to the pent up
feelings by an offensive behaviour towards a third object or a person unconnected with
a source of frustration. The offensive behaviour is, almost always, against the third
object or the person that can not retaliate. A superior scolding his subordinate because
of something happening at home is the example of this defense mechanism.
Fantasy is building castles in the air with a view to escaping from the problem situation.
Fantasy is temporarily removing oneself, mentally, from the problem situation and
losing oneself in the imaginary world where things happen at his best. As long as a
person is his imaginary castle he is happy but some time or the other he ahs to come
down to mother earth. When he comes out of imaginary world the problem starts
pinching him again. The increased frequency of fantasizing is a signal that one had
better seek some help from a psychiatrist.
Resignation, flight or withdrawal is a complete surrender to the problem situation. This
is accepting a situation and ceasing any effort to deal with the problem.
Q6. “Human needs that spark off on activity can be arranged in hierarchy of
prepotency and probability of occurrence”. – Discuss.
Answer :
Physiological Needs:
The fulfillment of physiological needs such as thirst, hunger, sex, etc. and takes
precedence over all others needs. Unlike other needs these needs have tendency of
recurrence. One may postpone the fulfillment of these needs and adapt his need
satisfying to suit the culture and the situation.
Safety Needs:
Once physiological needs are met these needs become important. Unlike physiological
needs it looks into future. As need for food, clothing, etc. are satisfied today but what
about tomorrow. Till the man is earning he can satisfy his physiological needs but what
will happen when he gets old. He must have reasonable safety at that time. Pension
plans, gratuity, PF, etc go basically to ensure security for the man in his old age.
Social and belongingness needs:
Man is a social being and has a need to belong and be accepted by various groups.
When social needs become dominant, a person will strive for meaningful relationships.
Some relationship assures that one is part of society. This needs manifests itself in three
forms (1) the need for status (2) the need for power and (3) the need for recognition.
Self-actualization needs:
These needs means “what a man can be should be”. A self- actualized person has a
cause, an ideology to fight for the goal set for him. He concentrated on the feedback,
which is task oriented and is not taken in by the personal criticism or praise.
Criticism:
In a normal human being all the needs are not always satisfied entirely. There remains
an unsatisfied corner of every need in spite of which the person seeks fulfillment of the
higher need.
Trait theories
It view personality from the standpoint of understanding traits. These theories included
Allport, Cattell and Sheldon.
Allport emphasizes on uniqueness of personality.
Cattell developed factor concepts such as tender-mindedness, somatic anxiety,
dominance etc.
Sheldon extending physical structuring that consists of endomorphs, mesomorphs and
ectomorphs.
Self Theory
Carl Rogers has developed this theory that places emphasis on the individual as an
initiating, creating, influential determinant of behavior within the environmental
framework.