THE INTERNET OF THINGS

AND
INDUSTRY 4.0

2021 IEEE VIRTUAL SUMMIT

Adam Drobot
ON COMMUNICATIONS FUTURES
OpenTechWorks, Inc. JANUARY 16-17, 2021

Wayne, PA USA IN CONJUNCTION WITH PTC’21

HONOLULU, HAWAII
 AGENDA
A bit about Industry 4.0 Data and Analytics
 A Part of Digital Transformation  Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
 Emphasis on Manufacturing, Products, Services,  Complex Processes from - Learning to Inference
and Processes  The Data Lifecycle
 Value from Efficiency and Innovation
 Business Models
 The Internet of Things  Using Common Infrastructure
 Intertwining of Technologies  Life Cycle Management of Customer Centric
Goods
 Access Technologies
 Basic Technologies  Supporting The Connected Product
 Enabling Technologies  Future Communications Technologies
 Timescales  Not Just Communications
 Fast (Real Time Controls microsec-seconds)  New Patterns and New Requirements
 Intermediate (Decision Making)  Technology Advances
 Archival  Summary
 Amara’s Law:

We tend to overestimate the

impact of technology in the short
run and underestimate the effect
in the long run

Technology S Curve
Actual Impact

Technology Impact
Underestimate

Roy Charles
Amara Overestimate Expectations

President
Institute for the
Future Time
 A BIT ABOUT INDUSTRY 4.0
 Convergence of
Information and
Operational
Technologies

Digitization of Information
and Processes

THE ERA OF
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
 Product Life Cycle
Lust to Dust
Value from
Connected end-end
Delivery and Service Processes
Supplier to Customer

THE ERA OF
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
 The Ideas behind Industry 4.0
Apply in Many Different
Settings
Ships Aircraft

Spacecraft Power
Automotive
Automobiles
THE ERA OF
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
Air conditioners
Consumer Electronics
 Focus
Growth

New Business New

Models Technologies
INDUSTRY 4.0
Innovation
A PART OF THE
Customer Technology
People
DIGITAL Focus
TRANSFORMATION
Transformation

Changing Optimizing

Goals
Culture Processes

Efficiency
 In The Plant Communications
 Avoiding Disruptions and Managing Risk are important for
 Optimization of Design for Manufacturing Industry 4.0
 High degree of automation
 Efficiency in Production
 Managing Quality In the plant
 Flexibility in Product Mix
 Oversight of Supporting processes
 Asset Utilization In the business

 In The Business THE ERA OF

 Customer Experience DIGITAL
Workforce Engagement

 Marketing SYSTEMS
 Connection to the Ecosystem
 New Business Models
Expectations for
Industry 4.0

Efficiency
and
Innovation

THE ERA OF
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
 Important
Technologies that
make up the
Industry 4.0
Ecosystem for
Manufacturing

THE ERA OF
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
 Single Smart Connected Product System of
Connected Everything Product Product Product System Systems

MANUFACTURING
PRODUCTS Michael Porter, HBR Article
SERVICES
PROCESSES
A Premium on Systems
Thinking with
implications
for Future
Communications
 A BIT ABOUT IOT
 The Value in IoT
IOT IS THE
Extract Model
EXECUTION Information Situation

ARM FOR
INDUSTRY 4.0 External Info
IoT
External Input
Aggregate Make
Data Control Decision
Loop
External Data External Factors

THE INTERNET Sense

Condition
Take
Action
OF THINGS
 THE INTERNET OF THINGS
Vertical Specific Applications

Core Multi-Vertical Platforms

Common Components Core Services End-End Attributes Performance
Directory,
Billing Latency
Computing Storage Naming

Security/Privacy

Availability

Distribution
Provisioning,

Reliability

Flexibility
Human Deployment Jitter

Scaling
Connectivity Activation
Interfaces
Monitoring,
Maintenance Bandwidth
Actuators Sensors Optimization
Application Intellectual
Software, Data Enablement Property
Capacity
Management

Vertical Specific End-System Implementations

 THE INTERNET OF THINGS
Vertical Specific Applications

Enumerating the Space that IoT Spans

Common Components 1,000,000s Across Building Blocks
Core Services 100,000s For Application Types
Performance Parameters 100,000s Over all Verticals
Attributes 10,000s For Range of Use Cases
Multiple (Hopefully few ) Architectures Needed to Span the Space

Vertical Specific End-System Implementations

 The Technology in IoT
IOT IS Domain System Cloud, Fog, Additive
FUNDAMENTALLY Knowhow Design and Edge Manufacture
Power Augmented
INTERDISCIPLINARY Energy
Manufacture Mobility
Reality
Operational Artificial Virtual
Integration Intelligence Reality
Technology
THE INTERNET OF …… …..
THINGS IS THE Communication Sensor
Robotics
Big Data
EXECUTION ARM Compute Actuator

FOR Digital Storage

Human
Enabling
Technologies
Interface
INDUSTRY 4.0 Exponential
Software
Technologies
 INTERTWINING OF TECHNOLOGIES
 Convergence of
Communications
Converged Access
Technologies
And
Information
Converged Integrated Technologies
Information Network

AN ERA OF
Compute Storage, Sensing DIGITAL
and Communications
are increasingly tightly SYSTEMS
coupled in our Networks.
 Intertwining Technologies – A Future View 2020

COMPOUND
TECHNOLOGIES Gartner Hype
Cycle for Emerging
Technologies, 2020

DIGITIZATION
IOT
COMMUNICATIONS Digitization
Internet of Things
Next Gen Coms
Intertwining Technologies – A Future View 2020
Basic Technologies
to Support the
Industrial Lifecycle

AN ERA OF
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
 Intertwining Technologies – A Future View 2020

Enabling Technologies
to Support the
Industrial Lifecycle

AN ERA OF
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
 Convergence
of
Information
Technology
and
Operational
Technology

NEW
REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE
NETWORK
 TIMESCALES
 TIMESCALES - WHERE IS THE ACTION?
THE INTERTWINED

Deep Learning
NETWORK
HIERARCHY Public and Private Cloud

Network Edge

Decision Making
________ 15.41
Compute Edge

COMPUTING Device Edge

STORAGE

Real Time
“Things
And
COMMUNICATIONS Sensors Vehicles Factories
Endpoints”
Buildings Turbines Cities
 In an end-end view the use of
TIMESCALES - WHERE IS THE ACTION? computer, storage, and
communication infrastructure in
manufacturing, products,
services, and processes spans
multiple time scales and is
distributed across a wide set of
locations – the factory, the
supply chain, the distribution
15.41
centers and the customers.

NEW REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE NETWORK
 DATA AND ANALYTICS
 Data and Analytics - AI
USING
COMPUTATION TO
SOLVE THE HARD
PROBLEMS

EXPLOITING
COMPUTING TO
PERFORM TASK
BETTER THAN WE DO
AS HUMAN BEINGS
 Important Role of
Data and Analytics - ML Machine Learning

Overcomes the barriers we have

found with “Cause and Effect”
models based on basic laws of
science and engineering

The allure is broad applicability

through methods that are great
at pattern finding and
identification

The downside is occasional

failure, which is not well
understood – work still needed!
 Data and Analytics – A Process View
USING AI AND ML REQUIRES
THE ORCHESTRATION OF
COMPLEX PROCESSES THAT
HAPPEN ON DIFFERENT
TIMESCALES AND REQUIRES
SUPPORT FROM MULTIPLE
INFRASTRUCTURES

______________

COMPUTING
STORAGE
COMMUNICATIONS
Data and Analytics – Where the Effort Is
The largest effort for
Analytics (AI and ML
included) is devoted
to DATA
 Data and Analytics – Data Characteristics
THE PHRASE IS:

DATA IS THE NEW OIL

AND AI IS THE
ENGINE IT FUELS
______________

SOURCE

THE ECONOMIST
 Connectivity and
Data and Analytics – Where the Effort Is Information Networks
are a Necessity to
Solve the Economics
of Data

Over 90% of Data Stored Digitally was created

in the last two years

Between 2% and 4% of that Data was used

Less than 0.1% of that data was analyzed

Between 25million and 50 million people around

the world were involved in collecting and curating
data.
 INDUSTRIAL BUSINESS MODELS
 Industrial Business Models

eCommerce Cellular and WiFi

NEW
INFRASTRUCTURE The Supply Chain
Mobility
And
BUILDING BLOCKS Delivery Networks
15.41
FOR INDUSTRY 4.0 The Web
The Cloud
and
The Fog and the Edge
Broadband
Computing and Storage
Connectivity
Concentrate on Key
Business Drivers
Partner with Ecosystem for
Common Services
 Customer Centric View
Industrial Business Models of what to Produce

And

The Capability and

Flexibility to manufacture
highly customized products
with a high degree of
automation efficiently

Multi-product
Reconfigurable Factories
 Industrial Business Models
THE ABILITY TO
MANAGE THE
TRANSITION OF
PRODUCT
KNOWLEDGE AND
INTENT ACROSS 15.41

STAGES

Eliminate Silos Across

the Enterprise – Partner
Across the Ecosystem
  Digital
Transformation
BUSINESS
MODELS
 The Internet of
THREE Things
DRIVERS

FOR  Next Generation

INDUSTRY 4.0 Communications nG
 Industrial Business Models

 Connected Smart Products

 Mobile Products
 Shared Product
NEW WAYS OF  Use based models
DOING BUSINESS  New Ownership Models
 Manufacturing as a service

 Remote monitoring and maintenance

 New type of SLAs
 New service models
An Incredible Array of  Pre-Planned Upgrades
Combinations for
Delivering
Value
 FUTURE INDUSTRIAL
COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGIES
 Future Communications

WHERE ARE
100

Connected Devices in Billions

WE NOW? 80

Dominated by Led by
75.44

62.12
60 Consumers Industry
51.11

EXPERIENCING 40 15.41
30.75
35.48
42.62

A SHIFT IN THE 20 15.41

17.68 20.35
23.34
26.66

ACTION
00
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Dominated
By
Machine-Machine
Traffic
 Progression in
Wireless Technologies
Initial Deployment of 5G

• Increase in Bandwidth
• Decrease in Latency
• Automation
• Real Time Operations
• Operating in new Spectrum

What comes next?

 Wireless Technologies
Progression in Capability
And
Worldwide Sales

TOPPING
THE LAST
TWO
DECADES
An Alternate View

Entering the Era of

Continous Change
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
A Premium on Roadmaps
 Future Communications

 For the Network

THE IMPACT AND  Essential for multiple technologies to advance
o Fiber
PROMISE o Wireless (Cellular, Wide Area, Access)
OF o Satellite (LEO, MEO, and GEO)
 Wireless Advances in Bandwidth (achieving energy
TECHNOLOGICAL efficiency, and capacity)
ADVANCES  Opening of New Spectrum (From GHz to THz)

 For End Use Premises

 Local High-Speed Distribution

 A High Level in Network Automation (Orchestration of complex

processes and flexibility – programmable forwarding plane)
 One: The Future Network will include Multiple Infrastructures and
Technologies not just Communications

 Two: The Network will have to support the Orchestration of

complex process that happen over different time scales and are
distributed over dispersed geographies

 Three: The Network will be architected for coverage patterns that

are very different from the the population centric network that we
have today.
SUMMARY
 Four: The consumer revolution will continue but expect much of the
progress in this round to come from the industrial and public
sectors – a two-decade rollout.

 Five: The dominant consideration will be the ability of the Network

to include and provide resources beyond communications –
Computing and Storage may be as significant source of revenue.

 Six: The technical requirements for Network performance will

continue to grow at an exponential pace!
THE BEST
IS
YET
TO
COME