Nothing Special »
Address
:
[go:
up one dir
,
main page
]
Include Form
Remove Scripts
Accept Cookies
Show Images
Show Referer
Rotate13
Base64
Strip Meta
Strip Title
Session Cookies
Open navigation menu
Close suggestions
Search
Search
en
Change Language
Upload
Loading...
Loading...
User Settings
close menu
Welcome to Scribd!
Upload
Read for free
FAQ and support
Language (EN)
Sign in
0 ratings
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
35 views
Pennman Method (FAO Paper 24)
Uploaded by
Chandrakanth Khatravath
Copyright:
© All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download
as PDF or read online from Scribd
Download
Save
Save Pennman Method (FAO Paper 24) For Later
0%
0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful
0%
0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful
Embed
Share
Print
Report
Pennman Method (FAO Paper 24)
Uploaded by
Chandrakanth Khatravath
0 ratings
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
35 views
15 pages
Document Information
click to expand document information
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
PDF or read online from Scribd
Share this document
Share or Embed Document
Sharing Options
Share on Facebook, opens a new window
Facebook
Share on Twitter, opens a new window
Twitter
Share on LinkedIn, opens a new window
LinkedIn
Share with Email, opens mail client
Email
Copy link
Copy link
Did you find this document useful?
0%
0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful
0%
0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful
Is this content inappropriate?
Report
Copyright:
© All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download
as PDF or read online from Scribd
Download now
Download as pdf
Save
Save Pennman Method (FAO Paper 24) For Later
0 ratings
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
35 views
15 pages
Pennman Method (FAO Paper 24)
Uploaded by
Chandrakanth Khatravath
Copyright:
© All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download
as PDF or read online from Scribd
Save
Save Pennman Method (FAO Paper 24) For Later
0%
0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful
0%
0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful
Embed
Share
Print
Report
Download now
Download as pdf
Jump to Page
You are on page 1
of 15
Search inside document
15: 1.3. PENMAN METHOD For areas where measured dat radiation are available, fon temperature, humidity, wind and sunshine duration or 8 adaptation of the Penman method (1948) is suggested; compared to the other methods presented it 1s likely to provide the most satisfactory results. The original Penman (1948) equation predicted evaporation losses fram ani open water surface (Eo). Experimentally determined crop coefficients ranging from 0.6 in winter months to 0.8 ‘in summer months related Eo to grass evapotranspiration for the climate in England. ‘The Penman ‘equation consisted of two terms: the energy (radiation) term and the aerodynamic (wind and humidity) term. The relative importance of each term varies with climatic conditions. Under calm weather conditions the aerodynamic term is usually less important than the energy term. In such conditions the original Penman Eo equation using a crop coefficient of 0.8 has been shown to predict ETo closely, not only in cool, humid regions as in England but also in very hot, and semi-arid regions. It is under windy conditions and particularly in the more arid regions that the aerodynamic term becomes relatively more important and thus errors can result in predicting ETo when using 0.8 Eo. A slightly modified Penman equation is suggested here to determine ETo, involving a revised wind function term. The method uses mean daily climatic data; since day and night time woather conditions conciderably affect the level of evapotrancpiration, an adjuetment for thie 16 included. ‘The procedures to calculate ETo.may seem rather complicated. This is due to the fact that ‘the formula contains components which need to be derived from measured related climatic data when no direct measurements of needed variables are available. For instance, for places where no direct measurements of net radiation are available, these can be obtained from measured solar radiation, sunshine duration or cloudiness observations, together with measured humdity and temperature. Computation techniques and tables are given here to facilitate the necessary calculations. A format for calculation is also given. The form of the equation used in this method 1s: Ero = cLiw.nn + ow te.ceacedi] radiation aerodynamic term term where: ETo reference crop evapotranspiration in mm/day Temperature related weighting factor net radiation in equivalent evaporation in mm/day Wind-related function Gifference between the saturation vapour pressure at mean ftir temperature and the mean actual vapour pressure of the air, both in mbar « = adjustment factor to compensate for the effect of day and night Weather conditionsAdditional Considerations Due to the interdependence of the variables composing the equation, the correct use of units in which variables need to be expressed is important. Use ofthe correct units is shown in the examples presented. ‘The suggested wind function applies to conditions found during summer, with moderate winds , to 2.0; no adjustment is required for RHmax of about 70 percent and day-night wind ratios of 1. these conditions. However, if 24-hour wind totals are used there will be an under-prediction of ETo by 15 to 30 percent in areas where daytime wind greatly exceeds night time wind, where RHmax approaches 100 percent, and where radiation is high. Conversely, for areas experiencing moderate to strong wind, where night time humidity (RHmax) is low, and where radiation is low, the equation will over-predict EToj this over-prediction increases with decreasing ratios of Uday/Unight. Under these conditions an adjustment factor (c) should be applied ables and their Method of ‘Description of @ Vapour pressure (ca-ed) ‘Air humidity affects ETo, Humidity is expressed here as saturation vapour pressure deficit (ca-ed): the difference between the mean saturation water vapuur pressure (ea) aud the mean factual water vapour pressure (ed). Air humidity data are reported as relative humidity (RHmax and RHmin in percentage), as poychrometric readings (T°C of dry and wet bulb) from either ventilated oF non-ventilated wet and dry bulb thermometers, or as dewpoint temperature (Tdewpoint °C). Time of measurement is important but is often not given. Fortunately actual vapour pressure is a fairly constant element and even one measurement per day may suffice for the type of application envisaged. Depending on the available humidity data, case I, I! or Ill will apply. Vapour pressure must be expressed in mbar fed is given im mm Hg, multiply by 1.33 to find mbar. Tables 5 and 6 are given to obtain values of ‘ea and ed from available climatic dat: EXAMPLES: For all cases altitude 15 0m. Given: 5 ‘Tmax 35°C; Tmin 22°C; RHmax 80%; RHmin 30%. Calcuiasion Treen + 28 RHmean 23 eeaZeSC Tables + 38.9 mbar ot eax RHimean/100 = 212 mbar a-ea) > 125 mbar 1 Givens i Tmax 35°C; Tmin 22°C; Tdrybulb 22°C; Twetbulb 20°C. 2! feulation Facey eee | + 28.5 °c coat Table = 38:3 mbar ed at Téeybutb 20°C | Table Ge aoe Table Sa + 20.7 mbar = 1812 mi Ewetbulb depr. 2°C (ea-ed) . / Conversion of readings to humidity data ftom dry and wet bulb thermometers changes when they are force-ventilated (Assmann type) oF non-venmlatedy Tables 6a and ob to be used teepectively.-17- UI Givens Tmax 33°C; Tun 22°C: Taewpomt 18°C. ‘Tmeen ea at 28.5°C Table 5 fed at Tdewpoint Table 5 Geared) In many regions RH during the night is near 100%. Here Tmin = Twetbulb = Taewpoint and ed can then be determined from ea at Tin. "The more arid the climate, the less likely is Tdewpoint = Tmin. DO NOT USE: WW Given: Tmax 35°C; Tmin 22°C; RHmax 80%; RHmin 30%. Calculatior Table 6a - RHmin Table 64 : ea x RHmin : (ea-ed) mean : Not recommended because the wind function f(y) used here was derived using (ea-ed) as obtained in cases 1, Il and Ill and does not correspond to example in cave IV. Much greater divergence may occur in mean (ea-ed) between the first Sases and the fourth for situations other than evident here and serious errors Could result case IV so used (average uf ea au Tmex and Tmin 7 2a at Tmean): ©) Mind function u) The effect of wind on ETo has been studied for different climates (see Appendix 11) resulting ima revised wind function! and defined in this publication ast flu) = 0.270 +38) where U is2éshe wind run in km/day at 2m height. This expression is valid when (ea-ed) is expressed in mbar and is calculated according to the methods shown in cases I, Tl or ll. Table 7 can be used for values of f(y) for wind run at 2m height. Where wind data are not collected at 2 m height, the appropriate corrections for wind measurements taken at different heights are given below: Measurement height _m ° fo 6 20 90 ho 0 60 ‘Correction factor te 1.06 1.00 0.93" 0.88 0. . EXAMPLE: Wind speed at 3 m height #8 250 km Calculation Tes above conversion = 232 km/day tw Table 7 O30 © Weighting factor (1-W) G.-W)is a weighting factor for the effect of wind and humidity on ETo.1/ Values of (1-W) I) wa Keay) snore’ ees ond y 15 the psychrometric © 2 The similarity of the revised wind function with Penman's original function f(a) = 0.261 + U/200) Inwhich U ie in miles/day 12 purely comncidental. sige of the saturation vapour pr-18- elated to temperature and altitude are given in Table 8. For temperature use (Imax + Tmin)/2. EXAMPLE: Given: : - Altitude 95m; Tmax 35°C; Tmin 22°C. Cateut = 28.5°C Table 8 @ Weighting factor (W) W is the weighting factor for the effect of radiation on ETo. Values of W as related to temperature and altitude are given in Table 9. For temperature use (Tmax + Tmin)/2. EXAMPLE: Riside 95 m; Tmax 35% Calculation: Timean = 285°C w Table 9 : Tmin 22°C. © Net radiation (Rn) Net radiation (Rn) 1s the difference between all incoming and outgoing radiation. It can be measured, but such data are seldom available. Rn cen be calculated from solar radiation or sun- shine hours (or degree of cloud cover), temperature and humidity data. In Figure 3 different portions of the radiaticn balance are shown. The amount of radiation received at the top of the atmosphere (Ra) is dependent on latitude and the time of the year only; values are given in Table 10. Part of Ra is absorbed and scattered when passing through the atmos- phere. The remainder, including some that is scattered but reaches the earth's surface, is adentified as solar radiation (Rs). Rs is dependent fon Ra and the transmission through the atmosphere, which is largely dependent on cloud cover. Part of Rs ts reflected back directly by the soil and crop and is lost to the atmosphere. Reflection () depends on of for most crops. This fraction varies with degree of crop cover and wemess of the exposed soil surface. That which remains is net shortwave solar radiation (Ras). Additional loss at the earth's surface occurs since the earth radiates part of its absorbed energy back through the atmosphere as longwave radiation. ‘This is normally greater than the downcoming long- wave atmospheric radiation. The difference between Fig. 3. Illustration of the rediation balance outgoing and incoming longwave radiation is called-19- net longwave radiation (Rnl). Since outgoing is greater than incoming, Rnl represents net energy loss. Total net radiation (Rn) 1s equal to the difference between Ras and Rnl, or Rn= Rns - Rate Radiation can be expressed in different units; converted into heat it can be related to the energy required to evaporate water from an open surface and is given here as equivalent evaporation in mm/ doy. To calculate Re the different steps involved are: @ If measured solar radiation (Rs) is not available, select Ra value in mm/éay from Table 10 for given month and latitude: (Ta obtain solar radiation (Ra), correct Ra value for ratio of actual (n) to maximum possible Qi aunahune houras "Ra (0.25 +'0,50 a/N}Ran1/ Values for N for a given month Sd Jatude are given im Table li. Both n and N ave expressed in hours as mean daily volves for the period considered — - When only visual cloud observations are available, they can be used to calculate Rs. Several daily visual observations of cloudiness over a sufficiently long period are needed. Cloudiness iz expressed in oktas (0 to 8) and sometimes in tenths (0 to 10) which must first Selconverted sntoeauivalent values of n/N= The Voliowing table can Be used as a Tough guide: Cloudiness okt 12 ages Spppsinessenies | Shee ss et Cloudiness tenths | 012. 4 5 6 7 930 ae teeta sos eee te ea Git) To obtain net shortwave radiation (Rns), the solar radiation (Rs) must be corrected for Teflectiveness of the crop surface, or Rns= (1 -eRs. For most cropsot = 0.25. To Simply steps Gs) and GAD, Table 12 can be used to calculate fins from the ratio n/N and (iv) —_Net longwave radiation (Rnl) can be determined from available temperature (T), vapour pressure (ed) and ratio n/N data. Values for the function f(T), f(ed) and fla/N) are given In Tables 13, 12 and 15 respectively. o ‘To obtain total net radiation (Rn), the algebraic sum of net shortwave radiation (Rns) and net longwave radiation (Rnl) ts calculated. Rnl always constitutes a net loss so Ra = Ras Ral. EXAMPLE: Given: °, _ (ro; latitude 3O°N; altitude 95m; July. Tmiean 28.5°C; RHmean 5: sunshine n mean 11.5 hr/day Caleulatior Table 10 = 16.8 mm/dey RE (0.25 + 0.50 n/NRe as 1LShr Table 11 NS 13.3 hr n/N > 0.83 = 11.2 mm/day Ras C1 Rs Table 12 > 8.4 mm/day Ral (1). fGed).f(n/N) Table 13 f(T) = 16.45, Table 1% fled) = 0.139 Table 15 n/N) = 0.85 + 18 Rn = Rns- Rnb = 6:6 mm/day 1/ For practical purposes 0.25 and 0.50 can be used. For some regions local values have been determined and are listed in Appendix VI 2) Variations in conversion factors from location to location have been noted when using cloudine: Gata to obtain the ratio n/N. Where available locally derived conversion factors should be useds wre made which are expfessed in only four classes; here conver oud = 6 oktas; overcast = 8 okt ‘Sometimes sky observations iS approximately: clear day = Tokta; partial cloud = 3 okta / From vapour pressure calculation under (a) case 1, Il or Ul© Adrstment factor () ‘The Penman equation given assumes the most common conditions where radiation is medium te high, maximum relative humidity is medium to high and moderate daytime wind about double the hight time wind. However, these conditions are not always met. For instence, coastal areas with pronounced sea breezes and calm nights generally have day/night wind ratios of 3 to 5; parts of the Middle East have dry winds during the day and calm wind conditions during the night with maximum relative humidity approaching 100 percent. For such conditions correction to the Penman equation 1s required. Table 16 presents the values of c for different conditions of RHmax, Rs, Uday and Uday/Unight. Examples (Near East): vlUmiahee Fie Siky Ro 5 min/dey; Uday 3m/sec; Uday/Unight 3: c= 1.28 (Table 16) Riimax 0%; Rs 6 mm/dey; Uday 3 m/sec} Uday/Unight 2: © = 0.91 (Table 16) The information for using Table 16 may be difficult to obtain from available climatic records but 1t can usually be erived for she different seasons from published weather descriptions or from local sources. The conditions involving very low ¢ values may seldom occur and may persist only for a few days in most climates. Table 16 does reveal rather common need for c values smaller then 1.0 for low radiation, non-summer conditions (similar factors no doubt caused the use of winter crop coefficients of 0-6 as compared to 0.8 for mid-summer in the original 1948 Penman method). RHmax 80%; Uday 3.2 m/eacy Unight 2.1 m/sacy evaue Table 16 = 1.06 Cy interpolation) Sample Calculations Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) can be calculated using: Ete + e[wetn + -w).t.Cea-ed)] Canros July. W = 0.77; Rn = 6.6; (1-W) = 0.235 fla) = 0.90; (enced) = 17.55 € = 1.01. Eo = 1.01 (0.77 x 6.6 + 0.23 x 0.90% 17.5) = 8.8 mm/day Using mean daily data for each month calculation of ETo in mm/day for each month: Cairo; latitude 30°N; altitude 95 m DoF MAM j] J] aA T mean 0c 1S 17.5 21 25.5 27.5 28.5 28.5 Riinean 65 65 G50 45 505857 9 9.7 207367 RHmexS(es) 95 95957065, Uday m/sec (est) 2.5 2:5 3.0 3103.3 = U3 ToT ETOmm/day 2.7 3.8" 5.0 710 8.9 mmjmenth “82 108 1% 210 276 A) Based on general climatic descriptions for Cairo; day/night wi calm morning and mid. ‘A red alneanea Apriland May. 10 18 some 1.5 produced by did -day conditions,with breezes sn late afternoon; an exception weed be the ‘Khamsin' winds which blow day and aight but somevhat sironger during daytine221. SESRN 5! QoL aing 9M worsseadog Do Ut Bia aamerodus] qin 19m PUY 44g WOs} equ ut (pa) sansso4q anode A, 5 19°, (avqu 9°00 $1 p> !Dagt st wrodmap, toyduexg) _ eiep 1uodeapy. 91 Wa wo4y pouseigo 94 Wed (pa) sunsoad anodvA pease seiy fT ECE PTS Te CS Te eT se ec we se om oe mk ok BO eft Oe sav Buns 31 Fe OPE TSE SE Le wee Ca TO 8 Pie ees So Samn oz Tro oo Te eee SEAM WHY SMITH TY TSG FT S Ss PiaPL.ee Wet Bulb Temperature Data in °C 39 i] |B) S883 SRRNN BBexa geexne Bales “Won TC altitude 0-1 000 m Vapour Pressure (ed) in mbar from Dry a Depression Table 6fmt06° 06" 69" ig’ 9B" Se" 7B zB" Ie" GL" LL* SL EL* IL 69" 99° 79" 19" BS MS" | COT 68 ge" fg 98° Ser 7B" cer tw’ GL Lé- SL* CL TL* 69" 99° ¥9" 19° gS SS zs | OOF es" fe" 98° Se" mer ze’ te" GL" LLY SL" EL" IL? 69" 99" 79" 19" BG SG ZS" 67 | COZ lg 98° Se" 8B" za" Og" GL" LL" SL" EL" IL? 69" 99" 79" 19" BS SS eS" 67 97 | COOL 9g" Se° me ue Ig" OL" Blt 9L Yr ZL* OL” 9 S9* 79° 09" LS MS IS? gy yy | 00S See" eB ce" OR GL WL? SL EL* IL" 69° 99" yO" 19" BG SG zo By oy cya] oO u wa oy ef 8 ef oO we om mM me Oo OM HM OM at OO e967 e | Op eamosoduoy SS pRHTTTV Pur soamosoduoy 1uo49jstq 38 1-4 wo voHEIpEY Jo 139]) 242 40} (JA) torIey FuTNYSIAM Jo Sane) 6 plaen sor ome sto ge ee 27 97° | 0007 me St ort er 6c: zr sx ay | coe stot ogre 6t zr Sx ay 1S" | onoz it gts oz" tz" sy a7 1S" 7S" | coor gtr 6 tz zee 05 ot oz‘of Maximum Possible Sunshine Hours (N) for Different Months and Mean Daily Durai Table 11 I Feb Mar Apr May Jue Jaa 2 Sept Oct. Nov-Dec Jan Aus July Southern Lats 26. 12.0 12.0 0Orr 967 16" fe 4zB" BL EL’ 69" 7" U9 SO or $6 6 Se gt Sl Lt G9 oS SS 7 Gee See Sth STO ie 9 ay Le ee ge Ve Ot SI OO] N/UGOTI-O~ N/M Nye OTST st taeL we one eT TT a bar iat itavaoarn ion] pues ee
i month Joly © jeden | 39 ( | AlN cele {23 | | co.250.s00/n) eateay Law / | Rsmm/dey calle i | - 0.25 Ras mm/day (1-4 )Rs 2 i | rmean zasec | ACT) a3) 1 |e ber : jet ag ober | 00) as) [AN 083 fea/N) as ' Ral = £CT)MedDfla/N) mm/day cale Bn=Ras- Ral ale i tmean 265 °C Lane gem . j WeRa cate ‘paay /Unight . 08 : timex, ie eri Bog 2 Eto = e[W.Bns (I-wittreaced)] mm/day rl AT Numbers in brackets indicate Table of reference. 2) When Re a lable Ras = 0.75 Rs.
You might also like
The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life
From Everand
The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life
Mark Manson
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (5892)
The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are
From Everand
The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are
Brene Brown
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (1103)
Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It
From Everand
Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It
Chris Voss
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (870)
Principles: Life and Work
From Everand
Principles: Life and Work
Ray Dalio
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (617)
Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel
From Everand
Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel
Jesmyn Ward
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (1216)
The Glass Castle: A Memoir
From Everand
The Glass Castle: A Memoir
Jeannette Walls
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (1731)
Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance
From Everand
Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance
Angela Duckworth
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (597)
Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race
From Everand
Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race
Margot Lee Shetterly
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (912)
The Perks of Being a Wallflower
From Everand
The Perks of Being a Wallflower
Stephen Chbosky
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (2109)
Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike
From Everand
Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike
Phil Knight
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (543)
The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers
From Everand
The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers
Ben Horowitz
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (352)
Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future
From Everand
Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future
Ashlee Vance
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (474)
Her Body and Other Parties: Stories
From Everand
Her Body and Other Parties: Stories
Carmen Maria Machado
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (830)
Bad Feminist: Essays
From Everand
Bad Feminist: Essays
Roxane Gay
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (1043)
The Outsider: A Novel
From Everand
The Outsider: A Novel
Stephen King
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (1903)
The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)
From Everand
The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)
Viet Thanh Nguyen
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (122)
The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living
From Everand
The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living
Meik Wiking
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (414)
The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer
From Everand
The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer
Siddhartha Mukherjee
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (272)
Brooklyn: A Novel
From Everand
Brooklyn: A Novel
Colm Tóibín
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (1955)
Angela's Ashes: A Memoir
From Everand
Angela's Ashes: A Memoir
Frank McCourt
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (443)
A Man Called Ove: A Novel
From Everand
A Man Called Ove: A Novel
Fredrik Backman
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (4848)
The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)
From Everand
The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)
Sarah M. Broom
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (99)
The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century
From Everand
The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century
Thomas L. Friedman
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (2270)
Steve Jobs
From Everand
Steve Jobs
Walter Isaacson
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (811)
The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel
From Everand
The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel
Garth Stein
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (4226)
Yes Please
From Everand
Yes Please
Amy Poehler
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (1921)
Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America
From Everand
Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America
Gilbert King
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (269)
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
From Everand
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
Betty Smith
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (1933)
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
From Everand
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
Doris Kearns Goodwin
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (235)
The Woman in Cabin 10
From Everand
The Woman in Cabin 10
Ruth Ware
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (2564)
Wolf Hall: A Novel
From Everand
Wolf Hall: A Novel
Hilary Mantel
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (4002)
A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story
From Everand
A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story
Dave Eggers
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (232)
Fear: Trump in the White House
From Everand
Fear: Trump in the White House
Bob Woodward
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (802)
John Adams
From Everand
John Adams
David McCullough
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (2410)
The Light Between Oceans: A Novel
From Everand
The Light Between Oceans: A Novel
M.L. Stedman
Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5/5 (789)
Manhattan Beach: A Novel
From Everand
Manhattan Beach: A Novel
Jennifer Egan
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (880)
On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal
From Everand
On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal
Naomi Klein
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (74)
Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore
From Everand
Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore
Jay Sekulow
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (137)
The Constant Gardener: A Novel
From Everand
The Constant Gardener: A Novel
John Le Carré
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5 (107)
Gruner 1964 Dam Disasters
Document
14 pages
Gruner 1964 Dam Disasters
Chandrakanth Khatravath
No ratings yet
The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America
From Everand
The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America
George Packer
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (45)
Agron 609
Document
14 pages
Agron 609
Chandrakanth Khatravath
No ratings yet
C III D 26 (Kalwakurthy)
Document
84 pages
C III D 26 (Kalwakurthy)
Chandrakanth Khatravath
No ratings yet
Go 334
Document
25 pages
Go 334
Chandrakanth Khatravath
No ratings yet
C III D 26 (Kalwakurthy)
Document
84 pages
C III D 26 (Kalwakurthy)
Chandrakanth Khatravath
No ratings yet
Sample Calcutation 2
Document
1 page
Sample Calcutation 2
Chandrakanth Khatravath
No ratings yet
Unmatched Power. Unmatched Creative Freedom.: Nvidia Quadro P620
Document
1 page
Unmatched Power. Unmatched Creative Freedom.: Nvidia Quadro P620
Chandrakanth Khatravath
No ratings yet
Little Women
From Everand
Little Women
Louisa May Alcott
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5 (105)