DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO/DIS 10675-1

ISO/TC 44/SC 5 Secretariat: AFNOR

Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2015-07-02 2015-10-02

Non-destructive testing of welds — Acceptance levels for

radiographic testing —
Part 1:
Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys
Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés — Niveaux d’acceptation pour évaluation par
radiographie —
Partie 1: Acier, nickel, titane et leurs alliages

ICS: 25.160.40

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ISO/DIS 10675-1:2015(E)


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 ISO/DIS 10675-1

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 5
3 Radiographic technique ........................................................................................................................ 5
3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 6
4 Acceptance levels .................................................................................................................................. 6
Annex A (informative) Guide to the limitations of radiographic testing .................................................... 10
A.1 Volumetric imperfections in butt welds Porosities and gas pores (2011, 2013, 2015 and
2017) Wormholes and elongated cavities (2016 and 2015).............................................................. 10
A.2 Cracks in butt welds ............................................................................................................................ 10
A.3 Planar imperfections in butt welds .................................................................................................... 10
Annex B (informative) Examples for determination of area percentage (%) of imperfections ............... 11
Annex C (informative) Calculation of the sum of acceptable areas ........................................................... 13
C.1 Clustered Porosity............................................................................................................................... 13
C.2 Linear porosity ..................................................................................................................................... 13
C.3 Elongated Cavities and Wormholes .................................................................................................. 14
Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................... 15

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ISO/DIS 10675-1

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 10675-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44,Subcommittee SC 5, and by Technical
Committee CEN/TC 121, in collaboration.

This second/third/... edition cancels and replaces the first/second/... edition (), [clause(s) / subclause(s) /
table(s) / figure(s) / annex(es)] of which [has / have] been technically revised.

iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

 ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

Non-destructive testing of welds — Acceptance levels for

radiographic testing — Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys

1 Scope
This part of ISO 10675 specifies acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in butt welds of steel,
nickel, titanium and their alloys detected by radiographic testing. If agreed, the acceptance levels may be
applied to other types of welds or materials.

The acceptance levels may be related to welding standards, application standards, specifications or codes.
This part of ISO 10675 assumes that the radiographic testing has been carried out in accordance with
ISO 17636-1 and ISO 17636-2.

When assessing whether a weld meets the requirements specified for a weld quality level, the sizes of
imperfections permitted by standards are compared with the dimensions of indications revealed by a
radiograph made of the weld.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable
for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 5817, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded)
— Quality levels for imperfections

ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials —
Part 1: Fusion welding

ISO 17636-1, Non-destructive testing of welds -- Radiographic testing -- Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques
with film

ISO 17636-2, Non-destructive testing of welds -- Radiographic testing -- Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques
with digital detectors

3 Radiographic technique
Depending on the weld quality level, radiographic technique A or B in accordance with ISO 17636-1 and ISO
17636-2 is used as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 – Radiographic testing

Quality levels in accordance Testing techniques and Acceptance levels in

with ISO 5817 classes in accordance with accordance with
ISO 17636-1 and this part of ISO 10675
ISO 17636-2

B B 1

C Ba 2

D A 3

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ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

a However, the minimum number of exposure for circumferential weld testing may correspond to the requirements of

class A of ISO 17636-1 or ISO 17636-2.

3.1 General

Welded joints shall be visually tested and evaluated in accordance with ISO 17637 before radiographic
testing.

The acceptance levels in this part of ISO 10675 are basically valid for evaluation of imperfections which
cannot be detected and evaluated by visual testing. Surface imperfections (such as undercut and excessive
penetration, surface damage, weld spatter etc.) which, due to object geometry, cannot be evaluated, but
where the interpreter suspects the ISO 5817 quality levels are not fulfilled, shall be subject to more specific
testing.

When quantification of undercut and/or excessive penetration by radiographic testing is required, specific
procedures using test exposures may be applied in order to establish a basis for approximate quantification in
accordance with the requirements of ISO 5817. This shall be specified in the adopted specification/procedure.

4 Acceptance levels
The acceptance levels for indications are shown in Table 2 and Table 3. The types of imperfections are
selected from ISO 5817 and defined in ISO 6520-1.

The symbols used in Table 2 and Table 3 are the following:

 lI length of indication in longitudinal direction of the weld, in millimetres;

 lt length of indication in transversal direction of the weld, in millimetres;

 nominal butt weld thickness, in millimetres;

 base material thickness, in millimetres;

 L any 100 mm testing length, in millimetres;

 wp width of the weld, in millimetres;

 h width of indication, the width or height of surface imperfection, in millimetres;

 d diameter of pore; in millimetres;

 dA diameter of pore envelope area;

 b width of excess penetration of weld, in millimetres;

 A sum of projected areas of indications related to each L × wp, in %; see Annex B;

 Σl summary length of imperfections within L, in millimetres. Indications shall not be divided into different
ranges L.

Table 2 – Acceptance levels for internal indications in butt welds

Type of internal
imperfections in
No. Acceptance level 3 a Acceptance level 2 a Acceptance level 1
accordance with
ISO 6520-1

1 Cracks (100) Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted

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 ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

2a Porosity and gas pores A ≤ 2,5 % A ≤ 1,5 % A≤1%

(2012, 2011)
d ≤ 0,4s, max. 5 mm d ≤ 0,3s, max. 4 mm d ≤ 0,2s, max. 3 mm
Single layer
L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
2b Porosity and gas pores A ≤ 5 % A≤3% A≤2%
(2012, 2011)
d ≤ 0,4s, max. 5 mm d ≤ 0,3s, max. 4 mm d ≤ 0,2s, max. 3 mm
Multilayer
L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm

3b Clustered (localized) d ≤ 25 mm or,

A dA ≤ 20 mm or, dA ≤ 15 mm or,
porosity (2013) dA max ≤ wp dA max ≤ wp dA max ≤ wp/2
L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
L = 100 mm
4 Linear porosity (2014) l ≤ s, max. 75 mm l ≤ s, max. 50 mm l ≤ s, max. 25 mm
L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm

5d Elongatedcavities (2015) h < 0,4s, max. 4 mm h < 0,3s, max. 3 mm h < 0,2s, max. 2 mm
and wormholes
(2016) Σl ≤ s, max. 75 mm, Σl ≤ s, max. 50 mm, Σl ≤ s, max. 25 mm,
L=100 mm L=100 mm L=100 mm

6e Shrinkage cavity (202) h < 0,4s, max. 4 mm

Not permitted Not permitted
(other than crater pipes) l ≤ 25 mm
7 Crater pipe (2024) h ≤ 0,2t, max. 2 mm
Not permitted Not permitted
l ≤ 0,2t, max. 2 mm

8d Slag inclusions (301), h < 0,4s, max. 4 mm h < 0,3s, max. 3 mm h < 0,2s, max. 2 mm
flux inclusions (302) and
oxide inclusions (303) Σl ≤ s, max. 75 mm Σl ≤ s, max. 50 mm Σl ≤ s, max. 25 mm
L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm

9 Metallic inclusions (304) l ≤ 0,4s, max. 4 mm l ≤ 0,3s, max. 3 mm l ≤ 0,2s, max. 2 mm

(other than copper)

10 Copper inclusions Not permitted

Not permitted Not permitted
(3042)

11e Lack of fusion (401) Permitted, but only

intermittently and not
Not permitted Not permitted
breaking the surface
Σl ≤ 25 mm, L = 100 mm

12e Lack of penetration

Σl ≤ 25 mm, L = 100 mm
(402) Not permitted Not permitted

a Acceptance levels 3 and 2 may be specified with suffix X, which denotes that all indications over 25 mm are unacceptable.
b See Annex C, Figure C.1 and Figure C.2 (normative)
c See Annex C, Figure C.3 and Figure C.4 (normative)
d See Annex C, Figure C.5 and Figure C.6 (normative)
e If the length of the weld is below 100 mm, then the maximum length of indications shall not exceed 25% of that weld

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ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

Table 3 – Surface imperfections: The acceptance levels are those defined for visual testing.
These defects are normally evaluated by visual testing

Type of surface
imperfections in
No. Acceptance level 3 a Acceptance level 2 a Acceptance level 1
accordance with
ISO 6520-1

13 Crater cracks (104) Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted

Smooth transition is Smooth transition is Smooth transition is
14a Undercut, continues and
required required required
intermittent (5011,5012)
For t > 3 mm For t > 3 mm For t > 3 mm

h ≤ 0,2t, max. 1 mm
h ≤ 0,1t, max. 0,5 mm h ≤ 0,05t, max. 0,5 mm
For 0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
For 0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm For 0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,2t
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t not permitted

14b Shrinkage groove (root Smooth transition is Smooth transition is Smooth transition is
undercut 5013) required required required
For t > 3 mm For t > 3 mm For t > 3 mm

l ≤ 25 mm, l ≤ 25 mm, l ≤ 25 mm,

h ≤ 0,2t, max. 2 mm, h ≤ 0,1t, max. 1 mm h ≤ 0,05t, max. 0,5 mm

For 0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm For 0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm For 0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm

h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1t l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t Not permitted

15a Excess penetration (504) h ≤ 1 mm + 0,6 b h ≤ 1 mm + 0,3 b h ≤ 1 mm + 0,1 b

0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm

15b Excess penetration (504) h ≤ 1 mm + 1,0 b, h ≤ 1 mm + 0,6 b, h ≤ 1 mm + 0,2 b,

t > 3mm
max. 5 mm max. 4 mm max. 3 mm

16 Stray arc (601) Permitted, if the

properties of the parent Not permitted Not permitted
metal are not affected

17 Spatter (602) Acceptance depends on application, e.g. material, corrosion protection

l ≤ 25 mm;
18a Root concavity (515) h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1 t
Not permitted
0,5 mm ≤ s ≤ 3 mm
h ≤ 0,1 t

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 ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

Type of surface
imperfections in Acceptance level 3 a Acceptance level 2 a Acceptance level 1
No.
accordance with
ISO 6520-1
l ≤ 25 mm, l ≤ 25 mm, l ≤ 25 mm,
18b Root concavity (515)
s > 3 mm
h ≤ 0,2 t, h ≤ 0,1 t, h ≤ 0,05 t,

max. 2 mm max. 1 mm max. 0,5 mm

Poor restart (517) Permitted,

19
The limit depends on the Not permitted Not permitted
s ≥ 0,5 mm
type of imperfection (see
ISO 5817)

Sagging (509) l ≤ 25 mm, l ≤ 25 mm,

20a
Not permitted
Incompletely filled groove h ≤ 0,25 t h ≤ 0,1 t
(511)

0,5 mm ≤ s ≤ 3 mm

Sagging (509) l ≤ 25 mm, l ≤ 25 mm, l ≤ 25 mm,

20b

Incompletely filled groove h ≤ 0,25 t, h ≤ 0,1 t, h ≤ 0,05 t,

(511)
max. 2 mm max. 1 mm max. 0,5 mm
s > 3 mm

Linear misalignment h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,25 t h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,15 t h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1 t

21a
(507)

0,5 mm ≤ s ≤ 3 mm

Linear misalignment, h ≤ 0,25 t, max. 5 mm h ≤ 0,15 t, max. 4 mm h ≤ 0,1 t, max. 3 mm

21b
longitudinal welds (507)

s > 3 mm

Linear misalignment, h ≤ 0,5 t, h ≤ 0,5 t, h ≤ 0,5 t,

21c
circumferential welds
(507) max. 4 mm max. 3 mm max. 2 mm
s ≥ 0,5 mm

a Acceptance levels 3 and 2 may be specified with suffix X, which denotes that all indications over 25 mm are unacceptable.

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 ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

Annex A
(informative)

Guide to the limitations of radiographic testing

NOTE The numbers between brackets conform to those used in ISO 6520-1.

A.1 Volumetric imperfections in butt welds Porosities and gas pores (2011, 2013, 2015
and 2017) Wormholes and elongated cavities (2016 and 2015)
Solid inclusions (300)

Copper inclusions (3042)

The above imperfections listed in Table 2 will be readily detected using radiographic technique A or B of
ISO 17636-1 or -2 as shown in Table 1 of this part of ISO 10675.

A.2 Cracks in butt welds

Crater cracks (104)

Cracks (100)

The detectability of cracks by radiographic testing depends on the crack height, the ramification (presence of
branching parts), opening width, direction of the X-ray beam to crack orientation and radiographic technique
parameters.

Reliable detection of all cracks is therefore limited. The use of radiographic technique B or better, as specified in
ISO 17636-1 or -2, will provide better crack detectability than radiographic technique A.

A.3 Planar imperfections in butt welds

Lack of fusion (401) Lack of penetration (402)

The detection of lack of fusion and lack of penetration depends on characteristics of imperfections and
radiographic technique parameters.

Lack of side-wall fusion will probably not be detected (except it is associated with other imperfections such as
slag inclusions) unless it is radiographed in direction of the side-wall.

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 ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

Annex B
(informative)

Examples for determination of area percentage (%) of imperfections

The following figures give a presentation of different area percentage (%) of imperfections. This should assist
the assessment of imperfections on radiographs and fracture surfaces.

Figure B.1 — A=1 %

Figure B.2 — A=1,5 %

Figure B.3 — A=2 %

Figure B.4 — A=2,5 %

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ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

Figure B.5 — A=3 %

Figure B.6 — A=4 %

Figure B.7 — 5 %

Figure B.8 — A=8 %

Figure B.9 — A=16 %

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 ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

Annex C
(informative)

Calculation of the sum of acceptable areas

C.1 Clustered Porosity

Figure C.1 — Clustered porosity, D > dA2

Figure C.2 — Clustered porosity, D < dA2

The sum of the different pore envelop areas (A1+A2 ...) related to the evaluation area L × wp (Figure C.1) shall be
calculated.

If D is less than dA1 or dA2, whatever is smaller, an envelope surrounding the porosity areas A1+A2
shall be considered as one area of imperfection (Figure C.2).

C.2 Linear porosity

Figure C.3 — Linear porosity, D > d2

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 ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

Figure C.4 — Linear porosity, D < d2

The sum of the different pore areas related to the evaluation area L × wp (Figure C.3) shall be calculated:

If D is smaller than the smaller diameter of one of the neighbouring pores, the full connected area of the two
pores shall be taken into the sum of imperfections (Figure C.4).

C.3 Elongated Cavities and Wormholes

Figure C.5 — Elongated cavities and wormholes, D > l3

Figure C.6 — Elongated cavities and wormholes, D < l3

The sum of the length of indications Σl shall be determined for each testing length L (Figure C.5).

If D is smaller than the shorter length of one of the neighbouring imperfections, the full connection of the
two imperfections is to be taken into the sum of imperfections (Figure C.6).

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 ISO 10675-1:2008(E)

Bibliography

[1] ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for fusion welds in metallic materials

[2] ISO 17637, Non-destructive testing of welds — Visual testing of fusion-welded joints

[3] IIW. Reference radiographs for assessment of weld imperfections according to ISO 5817
[English/French/German]. DVS, Düsseldorf

12 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved