HSS 461

Evolution of Industrial Design

Presentation Final Paper

“Sailboat and Yatch Design”

Outlines:

Introduction 2

Body 3-10

Conclusion 10

Alper TAKAZ

207ME2184
Introduction

Sailing as decribed in the dictionary means “the sport of being in, and controlling, small
boats with sails”. Whereas todays sailboat racing and designing needs to include more factors than
decribed in the genereal definition.asdasda
Sailing is the art of controlling a boat with large (usually fabric) foils called sails. By
changing the rigging, rudder, and sometimes the keel or centre board, a sailor manages the force of
the wind on the sails in order to change the direction and speed of a boat. Mastery of the skill
requires experience in varying wind and sea conditions, as well as knowledge concerning sailboats
themselves and local knowledge with regards the area one is sailing in.
While there are still some places in the world where sail-powered passenger, fishing and
trading vessels are used, these craft have become rarer as outboard and modified car engines have
become available even in the poorest and most remote areas. In most countries people enjoy sailing
as a recreational activity or as a sport. Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing
and cruising. Cruising includes extended trips, short trips within sight of land, and daysailing.

History of Boats and Ships

Humans have tended to live near water, and it is natural to make use of things that float.
Logs or bundles of reeds can be lashed together to form rafts; hollow trunks can be improved to
become dugout canoes. Once the principle of a watertight hull is understood, animal hides or the
bark of trees can be attached to a framework of bamboo or wicker to make a simple coracle.
Boats of all these kinds have been made by technologically primitive communities, and
many continue to be made into the 20th century.
If planks are added to raise the edges of a dugout canoe, with wooden struts to hold them in
place, the primitive boatbuilder is already on the way towards the only design of wooden boat
capable of being built on a large scale. This consists of a keel to which a ribbed frame is attached
much as animal ribs curve outwards from a backbone.

Classification in Sailing
Sailing can be classified in to two major groups in general term as Dinghy Sailing and
Yachting. This classification is done according to the specifications of the boats using and the way
of using the sailboats. Before explaining yachting in the body of the report, a small introduce of
dinghy sailing is required.

Dinghy Sailing
Dinghy sailing is the activity of sailing small boats by using the five essential controls: the
sails and underwater foils (dagger board or centerboard and rudder). It also involves adjusting the
trim (forward/rear angle of the boat in the water) and side to side balance of the dinghy by
movement of the crew, particularly in windy weather ("move fast or swim"). In rivers and tidal
waters the effective choice of route (in terms of existing and anticipated wind shifts, possible
obstacles, other water traffic, currents, etc.) is the final essential skill.
Body

Yachting
Yachting refers to recreational sailing or boating, the specific act of sailing or using other
water vessels for sporting purposes.
Although there are many different types of racing vessels, they can generally be separated
into the larger yachts, which are larger and contain facilities for extended voyages, and smaller
harbour racing craft such as dinghies and skiffs. Smaller boats are not generally referred to as
yachts, although all recreational boats (as opposed to commercial or military vessels) are yachts.
Sailing as “Yachting” groups organize the most active and popular competitive
yachting, other boating events are also held world-wide: speed motorboat racing; competitive
canoeing, kayaking, and rowing; model yachting; and navigational contests (generally a test of
celestial and landmark-based navigation skills where GPS and other electronic navigation
equipment is disallowed) are among the events which are organized around the world.

At this point, yachting should also be seperated in to three sub-groups as Cruising, Cruise-
Race, Racing.

yachting

Cruising Cruise-Race Racing

To explain this sub-groups in the yachting, one of the World's leading yacht builder
Beneteau is needed to be mentioned.

Beneteau
Shipwright Benjamin Beneteau founded his company in 1884, at Croix-de-Vie, France to
build sailing trawlers. It has five factories in the Vendée region of France and one US plant in
Marion, South Carolina. The Beneteau USA plant opened in 1986; since then the factory has nearly
doubled in size to about 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2), with roughly 25 million of total capital
invested in the US. This is considered to be an advanced marine factory; it is newer than most of its
competitors factories.

“This is the wind that fills our sails.

It is what has driven us for more than a century.
It is our way of designing the future! “
Beneteau
 Beneteau also codes his models of sailboats according to the groups defined above which
are Cruising, Cruise-Race, Racing. Beneteau calles his best model of Cruising sailboats as Oceanis,
his cruse-race type of boats as First and racing boats as One-Design (which is a universal term for
monotype racing boats).

Oceanis

Safe and spirited, Oceanis yachts are as comfortable cruising as they are capable on longer
offshore passages. As a seasoned passage-maker that’s at home on all the world’s seas, it captivates
even the most demanding owners.

(Beneteau Oceanis 58, 58feet cruising boat designed by Farr yachts)

First

Achieving the perfect combination of safety and

performance, every First impresses with its manoeuvrability,
ergonomic deck plan and ease of sail handling. It is also
distinctive for its thoroughbred lines, elegance and onboard
comfort. But it only becomes totally First when, with its
owner at the helm, it delivers on all its promises and leaves
the fleet in its wake.
 (Beneteau First 38)

One-Design

A one-design class is only possible thanks to the existence and initiative of owners’ clubs
and national or international organizations.
The one-design BENETEAU yachts fall into two different programmes:
• The FIGARO BENETEAU II: developed for the FIGARO owner’s class
• The BENETEAU 25: complies with an ISAF (international) class rule.

At BENETEAU, one-design is not only a real challenge, but also a real manufacturing
success story, since the specification of a one-design (the aim being to produce racing boats that can
compete on equal terms) reduces tolerances and imposes the need for very high levels of precision
in production.

(Beneteau Figaro 10m)

Farr Yacht Design

Farr Yacht Design, Ltd. is acknowledged as the top racing-yacht design team in the
worldased upon one of the most extensive and impressive records of winning yacht racing results
ever compiled by a single design group. Their long-running record of achievement dates back more
than 25 years and includes 40 World Championships won in Farr designs and a multitude of design
successes at internationally prestigious grand prix yachting events such as the Volvo Ocean Race
(formerly the Whitbread Round the World Race), America’s Cup, Vendee Globe, Sydney Hobart
Yacht Race, Barcelona World Race, Transat Jacques Vabre, Copa del Rey and many others.

Farr Yacht Design – Design Team

Founded by Bruce Farr and Russell Bowler in 1981

as Bruce Farr & Associates, the present-day Farr Yacht
Design has grown to a design team comprised of 18
members providing an enormous range of talent and skills.

Farr Yacht Design, Ltd is acknowledged as the top

racing-yacht design team in the world based upon one of the
most extensive and impressive records of winning yacht
racing results ever compiled by a single design group.
 To express the difference between the design types, three examples are given below as one
of the most remarkable references.

Roxxane

44,5 meters long Roxxane is a Osman Tanju Kalaycıoğlu design, built by Su Marine 2010.
Boat has a design type called “Gulet” which is is a traditional design of a two-masted wooden
cruising sailing vessel from the south-west coast of Turkey and eastern Mediterranean.

She is a super-luxurious cruising boat that can be an perfect example of a integral design of
cruising sailboats with all moving parts, blocks and ropes are hidden and high comfort is allowable.
33rd Americas Cup Challenger (2010) USA-17

USA-17 is a 90-ft., sloop rigged one-off racing

sail trimaran built by the USA sailing team
BMW Oracle Racing for use in a Deed of Gift
challenge for the 33rd America's Cup. The
America’s Cup is a trophy awarded to the
winner of the America's Cup match races
between two yachts. BMW Oracle Racing is
an American sailboat racing syndicate initially
formed to compete for the 2003 America’s Cup.
They competed again in the 2007 event before
winning the 33rd America's Cup regatta in 2010
- representing the Golden Gate Yacht Club.

Designed by VPLP Yacht Design with

consultation from Franck Cammas and his
Groupama multi-hull sailing team, BOR90 is
very light for her size being constructed almost
entirely out of carbon fiber and epoxy resin,
and exhibits very high performance being able
to sail at 2.0 to 2.5 times the true wind speed
(though some rumors have claimed 4× TWS).

She can apparently sail at 20degrees off the apparent wind. The boat sails so fast
downwind that the apparent wind she generates is only 5-6 degrees different to that when she is
racing upwind; that is, the boat is always sailing upwind with respect to the apparent wind.

Because the boat was designed to win the worlds most prestigious race, it was not designed
as the best cruising or most comfortable sailboat, but as best manouvering and fastest sailboat
within the regulations.

As seen in above and below pictures, the boat has a crystal design of visible ropes, blocks
and systems withour any unnessesary part which can cause weight even as seats.
The Maltese Falcon

The Maltese Falcon isn't a classic yacht, she's a new class of yacht. Her revolutionary sailing
system - the Falcon Rig - sets a new milestone in yachting history: 3 self-standing and rotating
masts hosting 15 sails for a total sail area of 2,400 square meters (25,791 ft square), handled by the
ultimate in Perini Navi Sail Control for unrivalled performance with unmatched safety and
manoeuvrability characteristics.

The incomparable interior finds its zenith in the atrium where the 3-decks are united by a
circular stairway surrounding the main mast creating a spiralling effect, enhanced by natural light
cascading from the top to the lower decks through transparent floors. The main deck is a wide open
space featuring a main saloon, an enormous aft-cockpit, 2 separate studio areas and a majestic
dining room. Uncompromising comfort for her 12 guests in 5 lower deck staterooms and 1
inimitable passage cabin on the upper deck with a private cockpit, a protected sun bathing area and
direct access to the ultramodern wheelhouse: the heart of the whole vessel.
 The design was based on the early
centuries pirate boats with rectangular sails but
combining the traditional look with the
providence of technoloyg.

Maltese Falcon is a cruising vessel with

both a traditional look and a modern
technology. The technological improvements
provided a better look, better control and better
speed where traditional approach gives him a
familiar favor and energic look.

By using hydroulic systems to rotate

masts, triming the sails became as easy as it has
never been, this integral design takes away all
the sheets and blocks on the deck and
maximizing the living space.

Conclusion

From the definition that descibes the basics of saling in early times, sailing technology and
needs and in relation to sailboat design has changed alor. From the days that sail boats were once
used to transport people or to go to fishing or to provide food and goods, todays sail boats have
many additional purposes. Altough the basics are still the same, due to the change in need, new
types of sail boats were done.

Even sail boat design is mostly based on the physics, engineering, calculations etc. our needs
leads the designer to find a nice balance of performance and comfort. Boats with only cruising
purposes such as Oceanis from Beneteau, Roxxane from Su Marine, The Maltese Falcone from
Zenith or any cruising boat will have luxury and comfort for sure and some amount of sailing
performance by having a smooth hull shape, small sail area and increased living space with covered
systems. Boats for cruising and also racing such as the First class of Beneteau will have similar
properties with a cruising boat but slightly less luxury but respectively higher sailing performance.
And boats with racing performance, for racing purposes and racing, will have certainly much more
less comfort and luxury but greatly incresed sailing performance without any care of luxury and
comfort, giving an opportunity to have more efficent systems without care of hiding.