READY 2021

RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AWARENESS

DEVELOPMENT YOJNA)
AIA (Agro-Industrial Attachment)

Report

Namdjhari Rice and General Mills,

Jeevan Nagar, Sirsa, Haryana

SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Anil Kumar Dhaka (AIA Coordinator)

SUBMITTED BY: Deepak Kumar (2018A24BIV)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is always a pleasure to remind and thank the fine people who help you to learn and at the
same time let you apply what you’ve learnt on the real ground. AIA (Agro-Industrial
Attachment) is one such programme which checks the proper application of our agricultural
studies and can’t be accomplished on individual basis. It requires support and co-ordination
of a plethora of members who have directly or indirectly contributed in successful
completion of my internship. I, hereby, take this beautiful opportunity to thank all such
people whose cumulative efforts have resulted in smooth completion of this task.

First of all, I would like to pay homage to our honorable Vice Chancellor Prof. B.R. Kamboj
who has provided me the opportunity to be a part of this prestigious programme as a part
of my degree. I express my humble and deep felt thanks to our Dean Dr Ram Niwas to help
me with a fully-fledged mentor team.

I would like to extend my deep sense of sincere gratitude & indebtedness to the AIA
Coordinators Dr. Anil Kumar Dhaka , Dr. D.P. Malik, Dr. Joginder Malik, and Dr. S K Thakral
whose initiative, interest, incessant care, creative suggestions and expert valuable guidance
at every step provided a constant source of inspiration and encouragement for intensive
work in this Programme.

My profound thanks to Shri Baljeet Singh ( Founder of N.D.R.J. Mills ), Shri Rajveer Singh
Randhwa ( Mentor ) who have keen interest as an instructor, evaluator and mentors of our
training, who have elevated our knowledge and helped us to solve all kind of problems we
faced during Agro-Industrial Attachment. Last but not the least,

I wish to acknowledge the help, support, and cooperation that I received from my group
members Vikas, Mukul, Prem, Ashu, Rahul, Risabh, Vaibhav, Vivek, Diksha, Bhumika and
Simran. Words won’t be enough to measure the everlasting support and love I got from my
family and friends, without whom I would never be able to accomplish such task.

Deepak Kumar
Date :- 23 November, 2021
Place:- Jeevan nagar, Sirsa, Haryana
CONTENTS
 AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT (AIAP)

Agricultural education is an important tool in ensuring increased agricultural

productivity, sustainability and environmental and ecological security, profitability,
job security and equity. It is a programme mainly aimed for preparing agricultural
graduates for better career in agriculture Providing agricultural graduates oriented
education to face the challenges by acquiring knowledge and skill through the hands
on experience. Learning by doing is the basic aim and theme of the programme.

What is AIAP?
AIAP (Agricultural Industrial Attachment Programme) is a programme for imparting
quality, practical and production oriented for agricultural degree. Importance of
AIAP Programme
Preparing agricultural graduates for better career in agriculture.
Preparing agricultural graduates oriented education to face the challenges
by acquiring knowledge A skill though hands on experience.
Developed Entrepreneurial Skills.

Objectives of AIAP

• To expose the students to Industrial environment, which cannot be

Simulated in the university.

• To familiarize the students with various Materials, Machines, Processes, Products

and their applications along with relevant aspects of shop management.

• To make the students understand the psychology of the workers, and

approach to problems along with the practices followed at factory

• To make the students understand the scope, functions and job responsibility-ties
in various departments of an organization.

• Exposure to various aspects of entrepreneurship during the programme period

 ORIENTATION PROGRAMME

The one-day orientation program was conducted on 24.11.2021 by my local

coordinator Mr. Rajveer Singh Randhawa, he visits our group of the whole
industry and provide all the knowledge about the basics of rice mills. He gave
knowledge about all the machines.
He was very friendly and soft-spoken, and he behaved like his friend. it is a great
pleasure to be working with such a loveable person. He taught me various tips and
tricks for different activities on the farm. From the first day, he scheduled a work plan
for us.

INVENTORY SURVEY OF THE INDUSTRY -

A) Land Area: - 6 Acre
B) Manpower:- 50 Labourers
5 Supervisor
C) Infrastructure:- 5 Storeroom, Farmhouse and Labor House
 INTRODUCTION

The Rice milling is the process that helps in removal of hulls and bran’s from paddy grains to
produce polished rice. Rice is rich in genetic diversity with thousands of varieties grown throughout
the world. Rice has been one of man's most important foods. Today, this unique grain helps sustain
two-thirds of the world's population. It is life for thousands of millions of people. It is deeply
embedded in the cultural heritage of their societies. About four-fifths of the world's rice are
produced by small-scale farmers and are consumed locally. Milling is the process wherein the rice
grain is transformed into a form suitable for human consumption, therefore, has to be done with
utmost care to prevent breakage of the kernel and improve the recovery.
What is rice milling?
Paddy or rice grain consists of husk and brown rice. Brown rice, in turn, contains bran which
comprises the outer layer and the edible portion. Rice milling is removal or separation of husk
(dehusking) and bran to obtain the edible portion for consumption. The process has to be
accomplished with care to prevent excessive breakage of the kernel and improve recovery of paddy
or rice.

The extent of recovery during milling depends on many factors like variety of paddy, degree of
milling required, the quality of equipments used, the operators, etc. Milling is the process wherein
the rice grain is transformed into a form suitable for human consumption, therefore, has to be done
with utmost care to prevent breakage of the kernel and improve the recovery. Brown rice is milled
further to create a more visually appealing white rice. After harvesting and drying, the paddy is
subjected to the primary milling operation which includes de-husking as well as the removal of bran
layers (polishing) before it is consumed. In this process the rice which is obtained after milling is
called raw rice. An other process through which rice is obtained after milling is called "Parboiling
Rice." Nearly 60% of the total rice produced in India is subjected to parboiling.

IMPORTANCE OF MILLING

Milling is a crucial step in post-production of rice. The basic objective of a rice milling system is to
remove the husk and the bran layers, and produce an edible, white rice kernel that is sufficiently
milled and free of impurities. Depending on the requirements of the customer, the rice should have
a minimum of broken kernels.
 Basic Flow chart of Rice milling Process

Description of flow of materials and processes

1 – paddy is dumped in the intake pit feeding the pre-cleaner A – straw, chaff and empty
grains are removed
2 – pre-cleaned paddy moves to the rubber roll husker:
B – husk removed by the aspirator
3 – mixture of brown rice and unhusked paddy moves to the separator
4 – unhusked paddy is separated and returned to the rubber roll husker
5 – brown rice moves to the destoner
C – small stones, mud balls etc. removed by de-stoner
6 – de-stoned, brown rice moves to the 1st stage (abrasive) whitener
7 – partially milled rice moves to the 2nd stage (friction) whitener
D – Coarse (from 1st whitener) and fine (from 2nd whitener) bran removed from the rice
grain during the whitening process
8 – milled rice moves to the sifter
E – Small brokens/brewer’s rice removed by the sifter
9a – (for simple rice mill) ungraded, milled rice moves to bagging station
9b – (for more sophisticated mill) milled rice moves to the polisher1
10 – Polished rice, will move to length grader
11 – Head rice moves to head rice bin
12 – Brokens moves to brokens bin
 13 – Pre-selected amount of head rice and brokens move to blending station.
14 – Custom-made blend of head rice and brokens moves to bagging station.
15 – Bagged Rice moves to the market.

Important Steps

1. Cleaning of paddy:- Why clean the paddy? Although harvested paddy grain may have gone
through a cleaner before drying, wet paddy is difficult to clean thoroughly. Cleaning paddy prior
to husking and whitening is crucial in attaining high milling recoveries. The function of a pre-
cleaner A simple pre-cleaner used in rice mills usually contains an oscillating double screen bed
with an aspirator. The first screen is a scalper that lets through the grain but retains straw. The
second screen retains the grains but lets through broken grains and small stones or weed seeds.
The air aspirator sucks out dust and the light empty grains. Air dampers are provided and have to
be adjusted to prevent the good grain from being sucked out.

2. What is husking?

Husking or de-hulling is a process for removing the rice hull from the rough rice. Common
husking technologies Three different husking technologies are commonly used: Steel husker,
under runner disk husker and rubber roller husker. In order to separate the remaining unhusked
paddy grains from the brown rice fraction and feed them back into the husker a paddy separator
is used.

Husking efficiency: The performance of a husker can be expressed by the husking efficiency,
which is the % of husked rice in total grain flow. In a properly adjusted rubber roll husker, husking
efficiencies can be as high as 95%, however efficiencies are often lower. Besides machine
adjustments, uniformity of grain thickness will affect the husking efficiency. If a mixture of
varieties is fed into the husker, or paddy grain that did not mature uniformly in the field, husking
efficiencies will be lower.
HUSKING WITH RUBBER ROLLS

The rubber-roller huller is the most efficient hulling machine. As the name suggests two rubber rollers
of the same diameter are operated at different speeds to remove the husk from the paddy. One roller
has a fixed position and the other is adjustable to meet the desired clearance. The adjustable roller
rotates slightly slower International organization of Scientific Research than the fixed roller. Rubber-
roll hullers have an aspirator in the base of the machine to separate the hulls from the brown rice.
The roll diameter varies from 150 to 250 mm and the roller width from 60 to 250 mm. The correct
clearance is dependent on the varietal characteristics and the width and length of paddy. This method

of hulling can achieve hulling efficiencies of 85% to 90% with minimum broken or cracked grain. This
type of machine is now widely used in developed countries.

3. SEPARATING THE HUSK FROM THE BROWN RICE

Rice husk and broken rice are removed from the husked material at the winnowing section which is
referred to as aspirator. In the aspirator the material is divided into a mixture of brown rice, unhusked
whole grains, and rice husk. The husked material is taken out by suction of the aspirator fan. After
passing through the rubber roll husker, the brown rice and unhusked paddy grain will move the next
step: the paddy separator.

DESTONER :

The de-stoner is an important component of the rice mill, particularly when rice is harvested
mechanically, or when rough rice is dried on open pavements. The grain gathers a lot of stones and
mudball during handling, which must be removed. The de-stoner is a simple vibrating deck and air
blower that suspends the grain from the stones. The stones are thrown off in one end and the brown
rice in the other end.
RICE WHITENING:

White rice is produced from brown rice by removing the bran layer and the germ. The bran layer is
removed from the kernel by applying friction to the grain surface either by rubbing the grains against
an abrasive surface or against each other. The amount of bran removed is normally between 8-10%
of the total paddy weight but this will vary according to the variety and degree of whiteness required.
The process used to whiten brown rice can be classified as either abrasive or friction.

Abrasive whitening: In this process the grain is whitened by the abrasive action of the rice kernel
passing between a moving abrasive surface and stationary screen. The hard rough surface is usually
stone or a carborundum type material. The abrasive process peels off the bran layers from the brown
rice and applies less pressure on the grain than a friction process and is therefore better suited for
long grain varieties. Abrasive polishers can be either vertical or horizontal in design.

Friction whitening: In the friction whitener the grain kernels are forced against each other and a
metal screen by a steel-ribbed cylinder rotating inside a metal-plated cylinder. The frictional forces
created between individual rice grains and between the grains and the metal screen surface remove
the bran layer from the grain. Friction polishers are always horizontal in design and apply more
pressure on the grain than an abrasive whitener.

Grading and blending:-

As countries reach self-sufficiency in rice production, the demand by the consumer for better quality
rice has increased. The quality of rice is not always easy to define as it depends on the consumer and
the intended end use for the grain. Grain quality is not just dependent on the variety of rice, but
quality also depends on the crop production environment, harvesting, processing and milling
systems.
The last major step in the modern milling process is the removal of the brokens from the milled rice.
Sifters or screen separators are used to separate small brokens, also referred to as brewers rice, from
whole grain and large brokens. Sifting will also remove germs and bran still present in the milled rice
after whitening and polishing. The large brokens and whole grain are either bagged for delivery to the
customer, or further processed through length graders. For millers catering to the high-end or export
market, length graders and blending stations are used. Length grading separates "head rice" from
large brokens. Blending stations allow for mixing of head rice and brokens in the correct proportion,
as specified by the grade standards. For instance, premium grade rice in the Philippines allows for
95% head rice and 5% brokens. Rice Milling International organization of Scientific Research 41 | P a g
e In most rice-growing countries, milled rice is marketed in bags, and therefore bagging stations from
an integral part of the modern rice mill. The size of the bags depends on the requirements of the
customer. In larger rice mills that cater to supermarkets, milled rice is packaged in plastic bags of 2, 5,
10 and 20kg, and packaging is fully mechanized.

Length graders:-
The common length grader used in modern rice mills is the indented cylinder, also referred to as
trieur. It consists of a rotating cylinder with cavities (i.e. indents) inside and a catch trough with a screw
conveyor. As the indented cylinder rotates, grains are caught in the indents and lifted. Head rice falls
on while broken grains are elevated to the catch trough. The screw conveyor along the axis will convey
the brokens outside the cylinder. The entire cylinder is set at a slight angle. Length graders are usually
used in series, with indents of various sizes used for each grading step.

Sifters:-
Sifters or screen separators are used to separate small brokens, also referred to as brewers rice, from
whole grain and large brokens. Sifting will also remove germs and bran still present in the milled rice
after whitening and polishing.
Blending station:-
Blending stations allow for mixing of head rice and brokens in the correct proportion, as specified by
the grade standards. For instance, premium grade rice in the Philippines allows for 95% head rice and
5% brokens.
Bagging station
In most rice-growing countries, milled rice is marketed in bags, and therefore bagging stations from an
integral part of the modern rice mill. The size of the bags depend on the requirements of the
customer. In larger rice mills that cater to supermarkets, milled rice is packaged in plastic bags of 2, 5,
10 and 20kg, and packaging is fully mechanized. The basic bagging station consists of a bagging bin, a
platform scale, and a bag closing-sewing machine.
SWOT ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRY

1. STRENGTH

Use of modern machinery in the farm.

Basically agro-based economy
Very close to the market
Availability of farm inputs like seeds, fertilizer, 2nd pesticides.
Availability of big storage house.

2. WEAKNESS

Inadequate storage facility.

Lack of Market structure.
Lack of Labour resources
Improper irrigation system.
Lack of system.
Unorganized Market.

3.OPPORTUNITIES

Establishment of better storage structure.

Post-harvest products and their sale
Online Selling of produce
Expand operations to include planting and harvesting.
Developing organized market

4.THREAT

Migration of labour.
Least linkage with credit institutions.
Yield reduction due to poor paddy variety.
Inferior Quality.
Government policy.
EXPERIENCE GAINED DURING AIAP

AIAP Programme is an exposure programme conducted to make the agricultural student

acquainted with the real field situation to test the feasibility of knowledge gained during class
room teaching and its application in the farmer's field.
From orientation programme to till submission of report every moment in AIAP Programme
has been exciting, exploring, enlightening, enriching, adventurous and unforgettable.

THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF AIAP HELP ME A LOT:

It offers an opportunity to gain Industrial experience, their values, for making Industry
programme successful.
It includes team spirit, working in group, cooperation between group members, time
management and logical approach to problems.
It Creates a social relation between farm workers and us We faced different problems and tried
to solve these problems at grass root level.
It helps us to develop our Entrepreneurial skills and inspire us to be a good Entrepreneur in
Future.
We applied the 3'R Credit concept i.e. Returns from investment, Repayment capacity and Risk
bearing ability in that farm.
Then we got to know thoroughly about 3'Ps Concept i.e. People, Process and Product.
FEEDBACK

This Agricultural Industrial Attachment Programme(AIAP) really helps us to know about real
practical field problem and Farm situation. The knowledge and skill of both our and workers
developed.
The training and demonstration programme helped us to know about new techniques and
create venture for self-employment.
The Advisor A Farm workers are loving towards us and also very supportive.
And finally we convey our thanks to our Farm Advisor and other farm
workers for their unconditional help and support.
We might not realize the image were giving off, so we need to be mindful of
this.