Period of the

New Society
(1972-1980)
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The period of New Society started on September

21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to
give annual awards.
Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the
development or progress of the country – like the
Green Revolution, family planning, proper
nutrition, environment, drug addiction and
pollution. The New Society tried to stop
pornography or those writings giving bad
influences on the morals of the people. All school
newspapers were temporarily stopped and so with
school organizations.
The military government established a new
office called the Ministry of Public Affairs that
supervised the newspapers, books and other
publications.
The government took part in reviving old plays
like the Cenaculo, the Zarzuela and the
Embayoka of the Muslims. The Cultural Center
of the Philippines, the Folk Arts Theater were
rebuilt in order to have a place for these plays.
Singing both Filipino and English songs received
fresh incentives. Those sent abroad promoted
many Filipino songs.
 CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) is the premiere showcase of

the arts in the Philippines. Founded in 1969, the CCP has been producing and
presenting music, dance, theater, visual arts, literary, cinematic and design
events from the Philippines and all over the world for more than forty
years. Its nine resident companies, namely, Ballet Philippines, Philippine
Ballet Theater, Tanghalang Pilipino, Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group, the
Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company, Philippine Philharmonic
Orchestra, UST Symphony Orchestra, Philippine Madrigal Singers and the
National Music Competition for Young Artists Foundation (NAMCYA) present
a regular season of productions, workshops and outreach performances.
 FOLK ARTS THEATER

Folk Arts Theater is also known as The Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas.

It is one of the performance venues of the Cultural Center of the
Philipines. This covered proscenium amphitheater is where
entertainment such as popular concerts, musicals, and plays are
usually staged. It has 8,458 seating capacity in ten sections. The
theater takes its name from Francisco Baltazar also known as
Francisco Balagtas, in awe to the country's greatest poet. The theater
was built in 90 days and was designed by Leandro V. Locsin in 1974.
The weekly publications like KISLAP, and LIWAYWAY
helped a lot in the development of literature. These
became outlets for our writers to publish many of their
works.

A. FILIPINO POETRY DURING THE PERIOD OF THE NEW

SOCIETY
A few months after the declaration of military rule, the
following slogans of the New Society were heard and read by
many:

1. Sa ikauunlad ng bayan
Disiplina ang kailangan (Discipine is needed to
2. Tayo’y kumain ng gulay develop the nation)
Upang humaba ang buhay (Let’s eat vegetables to
3. Magplano ng pamilya lengthen our lives)
Nang ang buhay ay (Let’s plan our families so
lumigaya we’ll lead happy lives)
4. Ang pag sunod sa
magulang
Tanda ng anak na (Obedience to parents is a
magalang mark of a respectful child)
5. Tayo’y magtanim
Upang mabuhay.
6. Tayo’y magbigayan (Let’s plant in order to
At huwag survive)
magsiksikan. (Let’s be generous and not
try to outdo each other.)
 Themes of most poems dealt with
patience, regard for native culture, customs, and
the beauties of nature and surroundings. Those
who wrote poetry during this period were
Ponciano Pineda, Aniceto Silvestre, Jose Garcia
Revelo, Bienvenido Ramos, Vicente Dimasalang,
Cir Lopez Francisco, and Pelagio Sulit Cruz.
Many more composers added their bit
during this period. Among them were Freddie
Aguilar, Jose Marie Chan and the group Tito, Vic
and Joey. ANAK of Freddie Aguilar became an
instant success because of the spirit and emotion
revealed in the song. There were even translation
in Japanese and in other languages.
Ponciano Pineda
Ponciano B. Peralta Pineda
is a Filipino writer, teacher,
linguist and lawyer.
Ponciano Pineda is
considered as the "Father
of the Commission on
Filipino Language" for his
promotion to establish a
commission based on
Section 9 of our Philippine
Constitution.
Aniceto Silvestre

• born in San Mateo , (which is now

Rizal Province) on April 17 , 1898 .
• Although there was no formal
education in writing, he had written
and contributed to the literature
wonderful Filipino poetry, short
stories, novels and essays.
• His poems gathered this set
of Nature were grouped
into eight: Free, Sexy, Pictures of
Life, Beat Of Love, Reconstruction of
faith, a sign of hope, On the Path of
Greatness and Blood Radiance days.
B. THE PLAY UNDER THE NEW SOCIETY

The government led in reviving old plays and dramas,

like the Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo and the Embayoka of the
Muslims which were presented in the rebuilt Metropolitan
Theater, the Folk Arts Theater and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines.
Many schools and organizations also presented varied
plays.
The Mindanao State University presented a play
Sining Embayoka art the Cultural Center of the Philippines.
In 1977, the Tales of Manuvu, a new style of rock of the ballet
opera was also added to these presentations. This was
performed by Celeste Legaspi, Lea Navarro, Hadi Alejandro,
Boy Camara, Anthony Castelo, Rey Dizon, and
choreographed by Alice Reyes.
 Even the President’s daughter at the
time participated as a performing artist in
the principal role of Santa Juana of Koral
and in the The Diary of Anne Frank. The
following organizations contributed a lot to
the development of plays during this period:
1. PETA of Cecille Guidote and Lino Brocka
2. Repertory of Philippines: of Rebecca
Godines and Zenaida Amador
3. UP Repertory of Behn Cervantes
4.Teatro Filipino by Rolando Tinio
C. RADIO AND TELEVESION
Radio continued to be patronized during this
period. The play series like SI MATAR, DAHLIA, ITO
ANG PALAD KO, and MR. LONELY were the forms of
recreation of those without television. Even the new
songs were first heard over the airwaves.
However , many performing artists in radio
moved over to television because of higher pay.
Among these were Augusto Victa, Gene Palomo, Mely
Tagasa, Lina Pusing, and Ester Chavez.
Popular televesion plays were GULONG NG
PALAD, FLOR DE LUNA, and ANNA LIZA.
SUPERMAN and TARZAN were also popular with the
youth.
D. FILIPINO FILMS
A yearly Pista ng mga Pelikulang Pilipino (Yearly Filipino Film
Festival) was held during this time. During the festival which lasted usually
for a month, only Filipino films were shown in all theaters in Metro Manila.
Prizes and trophies were awarded at the end of the festival in recognition of
excellence in film making and in role performances.
New kinds of films without sex or romance started to be made but
which were nevertheless well-received by the public. Among these were:
Sex films could not be shelved. Foreign, as well as local films dealing
with bold themes, were the vehicles of producers to earn money.

E. COMICS, MAGAZINES AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS

During this period of the New Society, newspapers donned
new forms. News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism,
and the like were favored more than the sensationalized reportings of
killings, rape, and robberies.

The leading papers during these period were:

1. BULLETIN TODAY
2. TIMES JOURNAL
3. PEOPLE’S JOURNAL
4. BALITA
5. PLIPINO EXPRESS
6. PHILIPPINE DAILY EXPRESS
7. EVENING POST
8. EVENING EXPRESS
 LIWAYWAY had been an old-time favorite of the
Filipinos since 1920. other magazines were:
1. KISLAP
2. BULAKLAK
3. EXTRA HOT
4. JINGLE SENSATION

Like mushrooms, comics also proliferated

everywhere and were enjoyed by the masses. Among these
were:
1. PILIPINO
2. EXTRA
3. LOVE LIFE
4. HIWAGA
5. KLASIK
6. ESPESYAL
F. PALANCA AWARDEES
SHORT STORY CATEGORY
1972-73
First Prize- “SPOTS ON THEIR WINGS AND OTHER
STORIES”- Antonio Enriquez
Second Prize- “ON FRIENDS YOU PIN SUCH HOPES”- Ines
Taccad Camayo
Third Prize- “THE LIBERATION OF MRS. FIDELA
MAGSILANG”- Jaime A.Lim
1972-74
First Prize- “THE CRIES OF CHILDREN ON AN APRIL
AFTERNOON IN THE YEAR 1957”- Gregorio C. Brilliantes
Second Prize- “THE WHITE DRESS”- Estrella D. Alfon
Third Prize- “TELL ME WHO CLEFT THE DEVILS FOOT”-
Luning Bonifacio Ira
Honorable Mention- “SCORING”- Joy T. Dayrit
1974-75
First Prize- co-winners
1. “THE DAY OF THE LOCUSTS”- Leoncio P. Deriada
2. “ROMANCE AND FAITH ON MOUNT
BANAHAW”- Alfred A. Yuson
Second Prize- co-winners
1. “THE MAN WHO MADE A COVENANT WITH
THE WIND”- Cirilo F. Bautista
2.”ONCE UPON A CRUISE: GENERATIONS AND
OTHER LANDSCAPES”- Luning Bonifacio Ira
3. “AGCALAN POINT”- Jose Y. Dalisay, Jr.
Third Prize-co-winners
1. “THE DOG EATERS”- Leoncio P. Deriada
2. “THE PEOPLE’S PRISON- Mauro R. Avena
3. “DISCOVERY”- Dr. Porfirio F. Villarin, Jr.
4. “A SUMMER GOODBYE”- Linda Ledesme and
Benjamin Bautista
 PLAY CATEGORY
1972-73
First Prize- “THE HEART OF EMPTINESS IS BLACK”- Ricardo
Demetillo
Second Prize- “GO, RIDER!”- Azucena Crajo Uranza
Third Prize- “THE RICEBIRD HAS BROWN WINGS”-
Federico Licsi Espino, Jr.

1973-74
First Prize- (No Award)
Second Prize- “AFTERCAFE”- Juan H. Alegre
Third Prize- “DULCE EXTRANJERA”- Wilfredo D. Nolledo

1974-75
First Prize- “A LIFE IN THE SLUMS”- Rolando S. Tinio
Second Prize- “PASSWORD”- Paul Stephen Lim
Third Prize- “THE MINERVA FOUNDATION”- Maidan Flores
 POETRY CATEGORY
1972-73
First Prize- “CHARTS”- Cirilo F. Bautista
Second Prize- “A TRICK OF MIRRORS”- Rolando S. Tinio
Third Prize- “ALAPAAP’S MOUNTAIN”- Erwin E. Castillo

1973-74
First Prize- co-winners
1. “MONTAGE”- Ophelia A. Dimalanta
2. “IDENTITIES”- Artemio Tadena
Second Prize- co-winners
1. “BOXES”- Ricardo de Ungria
2. “GLASS OF LIQUID TRUTHS”- Gilbert A. Luis Centina
III
Third Prize- co-winners
1. “A LIEGE OF DATUS AND OTHER POEMS”- Jose N.
Carreon
2. “RITUALS AND METAPHORS”- Celestino M. Vega
1974-75
First Prize- “TELEX MOON”- Cirilo F. Bautista
Second Prize- “ADARNA: SIX POEMS FROM A LARGER
CORPUS”- Wilfredo Pascua Sanchez
Third Prize- “THE CITY AND THE THREAD OF LIGHT”-
Ricardo Demetillo
 REPUBLIC CULTURAL HERITAGE AWARDEES
(1960-1971)

NATIONAL ARTISTS
1973
AMADO V. HERNANDEZ(Posthumous) (Literature)
JOSE GARCIA VILLA (Literature)
FRANCISCO REYES AQUINO (Dance)
CARLOS V. FRANCISCO (Posthumous) (Painting)
ANTONIO V. MOLINA (Music)
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO (Sculpture)

1976
NICK JOAQUIN (Literature)
NAPOLEON V. ABUEVA (Sculpture)
PABLO ANTONIO (Posthumous) (Architecture)
LAMBERTO V. AVELLANA (Movies)
VICTORIO G. EDADES (Painting)
JOVITA FUENTES (Music)
JOSE GARCIA VILLA
José Garcia Villa (August 5,
1908 – February 7, 1997) was
a Filipino poet, literary critic,
short story writer, and painter.
He was awarded the National
Artist of the Philippines title for
literature in 1973

He used the pen

name Doveglion (derived from
"Dove, Eagle, Lion"), based on
the characters he derived from
his own works
ANTONIO V. MOLINA
Antonio Molina (26 December
1894 – 29 January 1980) was
a Filipino composer, conductor
and music administrator. He was
named as the National Artist of
the Philippines for his services
to music. He was also known as
the Claude Debussy of the
Philippines due to his use
of impressionist themes in his
music.
 NICK JOAQUIN
• (May 4, 1917 – April 29, 2004)
• Nick Joaquin, is regarded by many as
the most distinguished Filipino writer
in English writing so variedly and so
well about so many aspects of the
Filipino. Nick Joaquin has also
enriched the English language with
critics coining “Joaquinesque” to
describe his baroque Spanish-flavored
English or his reinventions of English
based on Filipinisms.
• Among his voluminous works are The
Woman Who Had Two Navels, A
Portrait of the Artist as Filipino,
Manila, My Manila: A History for
the Young, The Ballad of the Five
Battles, Rizal in Saga, Almanac for
Manileños, Cave and Shadows.
G. AN OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE DURING 1972-1980
Bilingual education which was initiated by
the Board of National Education as early as 1958 and
continued up to the period of Martial Rule in
September 21, 1972, resulted in the deterioration of
English in the different levels of education. The
focus of education and culture was on problems of
national identity, on re-orientation, renewed vigor
and a firm resolves to carry out plans and programs.
The forms of literature that led during this
period wee the essays, debates and poetry. The
short stories, like the novels and plays were no
different in style from those written before the onset
of activism.
Some of the books that came out during this period
were:
• 1976 – I Married a Newspaperman (essay) by
Maria Luna Lopez (wife of newsapaperman
Salvador B. Lopez)
• 1980 – The Modern Filipino Short Story by
Patricia Melendrez Cruz
• 1976 – Cross Currents in Afro-Asian
Literature, by Rustica D. Carpio
• Brief Time to Love by Ofelia F. Limcaco
• Medium Rare and Tell the People (feature
articles and TV Program) by Julie Yap Daz
• Castillo, Lilibeth
• Manalo, Florentina
• Manalo, Edieson
What is meant by the word
ACTIVISM?
 ACTIVISM
• The policy or action of using vigorous
campaigning to bring about political or
social change
 PERIOD OF ACTIVISM
➢According to Ponciano Pineda, youth activism
in 1970 – 1972 was due to domestic and
worldwide causes.

➢Activism is connected with the history of our

Filipino youth.
 A. THE SEEDS OF ACTIVISM

• The seeds of activism resulted in the declaration

of Martial Law in 1972.
 B. PERIOD OF THE BLOODY
PLACARDS
➢PONCIANO PINEDA also said that this was the
time (period of activism) when the youth once
more proved that it is not the constant evasion that
shapes our race and nationalism. There is a limit to
one’s patience. It may explode like a volcano if
overstrained.
Life? What avails life if one is coward
who does not take a stand for himself
and the succeeding generation.
C. THE LITERARY
REVOLUTION
 MAKIBAKA ( To dare)
➢ Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The
once aristocratic writers developed awareness for
society. They held pens and wrote on placards in red
paint the equivalent of the word MAKIBAKA.
➢ They attacked the ills of society and politics. Any
establishment became the symbol of the ills that had to
be changed.
• The literature of the activists reached a point where they
stated boldly what should be done to effect these
changes.
• Some of those who rallied to this revolutionary form of
literature were :
1. Rolando Tinio
2. Rogelio Mangahas
3. Efren Abueg
4. Rio Alma
5. Clemente Bautista.
 ROLANDO S. TINIO
• March 5, 1937- July 07, 1997
• wrote his poetic collection:
1. Rage and Ritual - won award from
University of the Philippines
2. Sitsit Sa Kuliglig (Cricket Gossip) -
published in 1972.
• He was made a National Artist of the
Philippines for Theater and Literature in
1997.
• Better known as playwright and translators
of plays.
ROGELIO G. MANGAHAS
• May 09, 1939-July 04, 2018
• Also known as Koyang Roger
• From Cabiao, Nueva Ecija
• Filipino artist and poet
• Member of “Tungkong – bato ng Panulaang
Makabago” in the year 1960 with Lamberto
Antonio and Rio Alma.
• Palanca first prize winner for his collection of
poems, “Mga Duguang Placard” (1970-1971)
 Mga Duguang Plakard
(Placards of Blood)

• For the revolutionary

demonstrators who fell in the
night (January 30, 1970) at
Mendiola Bridge
EFREN REYES ABUEG
• Born on March 03, 1937 in
Tanza, Cavite
• Well-know and recognized
Filipino-language creative
writer, editor, author, novelist,
short story writer, essayist,
fictionist, professor.
 VIRGILIO SENADREN
ALMARIO
• March 09, 1944
• San Miguel, Bulacan
• Known for his pen name
“Rio Alma”
• Currently serves as the
chairman of the Komisyon sa
Wikang Filipino.
 CLEMENTE BAUTISTA

• November 23, 1940

• Pride of Angono, Rizal
• DZRH correspondence, news
writer
• May Daigdig sa Karagatan
D. WRITINGS DURING THE
PERIOD OF ACTIVISM
 Example of writings that prevailed during this
period.
“Marahil dahop and dila ko upang isaulo’t ipaliwanag
ang panaginip at kamatayan ng sanglaksang anak-pawis
Saksi ako sa palahaw ng mga dalagitang tila kinakatay na baboy
Habang ginagahasa ng mga hayok na pulitiko’t negosyante
Sa sabuyan ng putik ng mga kongresistang pagkuan, kapiling ang
kani-kaniyang alipores at Tagapayong Puti ay naguunahang ibenta
ang bayan
Ano ang silbi ng kabayanihan? Ng limos na laurel at ginto?
Ipangangalan sa iyo’y isang kalyeng baku-bako o kaya’y lumuting
monumentong ihian ng mga lasenggo?”
 FEDERICO LICSI ESPINO
Hands that broadcast Why should they who roast
The suckling grown loan on verbiage?
sweat
Why should they who plant and grind
Brandish placards of protest The corn grow thin on grit and
In the haciendas of Negros homing?
Sugar cane turns bitter Strike! Strike! Strike!
In the rice granaries of Luzon A dormant hate errupts
Bundok Buntis, Arayat! Kanlaon!
Hatred, hammers, sickles,
On old newspapers
Students write the rubrica of
dissent
 FEDERICO LICSI ESPINO Jr.
• Born on April 10, 1939 in Palatiw, Pasig
• Poet, short story writer, playwright
• Writes using four languages: English,
Spanish, Tagalog and Ilocano
 BOMBA FILMS
• Soft porn movies

• Described as a direct challenge to the

conventions, norms and conduct of the society.
E. PALANCA AWARDEES FOR ENGLISH
LITERATURE
 PALANCA AWARDEES FOR ENGLISH
LITERATURE
➢ Established in 1950
➢The Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature had been giving cash
prizes for short story, poetry and one-act play writing as an incentive
to Filipino writers.
➢The prizes come from La Tondena, Inc., the firm founded by the
late Carlos Palanca Sr. for the list of winners from 1950-51 to 1950-
70; we recommended Alberto S. Florentino’s “Twenty Years of
Palanca Awards”
ENGLISH SHORT STORY
(1970-1971)
ENGLISH POETRY
(1971-1972)
ENGLISH ONE-ACT PLAY
1970-1971
ENGLISH ONE-ACT PLAY
1971-1972
F. WRITERS DURING THIS PERIOD
• Jose F. Lacaba
• Benigno Aquino Jr.
 JOSE MARIA FLORES
LACABA
• Born on August 20, 1945 in Misamis Oriental
• Screen writer, editor, jounalist
• Wrote of the tragic and tumultuous moments
in our country’s history in his book DAYS OF
DISQUIET, NIGHT OF RAGE; THE
FIRST QUARTERS STORM AND
RELATED EVENTS.
• LACABA’S BOOK is truly representative of
writer who were eyewitnesses to this time of
“terror and wrath”.
JOSE F. LACABA
 MAYOR ANTONIO VILLEGAS
• January 09, 1928- November 16,
1984
• Manila mayor from 1962- 1971
• Led demonstrators away from the
angry policemen on February
18, 1970.
 BENIGNO AQUINO JR.

• November 27, 1932-

August 21, 1983
• Wrote about condemnation
of police brutalities
Philippine Center for The International
PEN
• PEN (Poets, Essayists, and Novelists)
• Held conference centering on the “writer’s
lack of freedom in a climate of fear”.
• They denounced restrictions on artistic
freedom and passionately led a plea for
freedom.
WRITERS IN THIS GROUP WERE:
• Nick Joaquin
• S. P. Lopez
• Gregorio Brillantes
• F. Sionil Jose
• Petronilo Daroy
• Letty Jimenez-Magsanoc
• Mauro Avelina
• Jose W. Diokno
Other people from other media who participated in
this quest for freedom are:
• Jose Burgos Jr.
• Antonio Ma. Nieva
• Lino Brocka
• Leonidas Benesa
• Gloria Rodriguez
• Anna S. de Leon
THANK YOU!!!
 Hello!

Japanese Regime
Buerano Angelica
Pardilla Guellian
Sigue Celine
BSED-|||

1
 Japanese occupation of the Philippines
1941 - Jul 5, 1945
The Japanese occupation of the Philippines
occurred between 1942 and 1945, when Imperial Japan
occupied the Commonwealth of the Philippines during
World War II.
The invasion of the Philippines started on 8
December 1941, ten hours after the attack on Pearl
Harbor. As at Pearl Harbor, American aircraft were
severely damaged in the initial Japanese attack.
2
 Lacking air cover, the American Asiatic Fleet
in the Philippines withdrew to Java on 12 December
1941. General Douglas MacArthur was ordered out,
leaving his men at Corregidor on the night of 11
March 1942 for Australia, 4,000 km away.
The 76,000 starving and sick American and
Filipino defenders in Bataan surrendered on 9 April
1942, and were forced to endure the infamous Bataan
Death March on which 7,000–10,000 died or were
murdered. The 13,000 survivors on Corregidor
surrendered on 6 May. 3
4
Japan occupied the Philippines for over
three years, until the surrender of Japan. A
highly effective guerilla campaign by
Philippine resistance forces controlled sixty
percent of the islands, mostly jungle and
mountain areas. MacArthur supplied them
by submarine, and sent reinforcements and
officers.
5
 Philippine
Literature Under
JAPANESE
OCCUPATION
1941-1945
 Historical
Background
✣ The development of Philippine Literature
was interrupted when we are conquered
again by another foreign country, JAPAN.
✣ Philippine literature in ENGLISH came to
halt.
✣ Almost all news papers were stopped by
the JAPANESE except for the TRIBUNE
and PHILIPPINE REVIEW.
✣ During this time there is no freedom of
speech and of the press.
8
9
✣ Victoria Abelardo described the Filipino
writings during the Japanese occupation as
being pessimistic and bitter.
✣ There are some efforts at escapist
literature, but in general the literary
output was minor and insignificant.
Because of the strict censorship, few
literary works were printed during the war
years.
10
✣ The weekly
LIWAYWAY was
placed under strict
surveillance until
it was manage by a
Japanese name
ISHIWARA.

11
Liwayway is a leading Tagalog
weekly magazine published in
the Philippines since 1923. It
contains Tagalog serialized
novels, short stories, poetry,
serialized comics, essays, news
features, entertainment news and
articles, and many others. In fact,
it is the oldest Tagalog magazine
in the Philippines. 12
 Don Ramon Roces- a
prominent man in the publishing
business.
✣ Don Severino Reyes, co-
founder of the Liwayway. His
"Kwento ni Lola Basyang"
became the most beloved
series in the Liwayway. His
son, Pedrito Reyes, later took
over the editorship of the
Liwayway. 13
✣ The only connection with the outside
world was done with outmost secrecy
through the underground radio
program called VOICE OF FREEDOM
✣ TAGALOG was favoured by the
Japanese military authority and
English was considered to a limbo.
✣ Japanese were able to influence and
encourage the Filipino in developing
the vernacular literature.
14
✣ The only Filipino writers who could write freely
are those who are living outside the country.
✣ Most writers and authors were lead to either go
underground or write Tagalog.
✣ Filipino literature was given a break during this
period. Many wrote plays,poems,short stories,
ect. Topics and themes were often about life in
provinces.
✣ Filipino literature also experience renewed
attention because writers in English turned to
writing in Filipino. 15
FILIPINO POETRY
DURING THIS
PERIOD.

16
✣ The common themes of most poems
during the Japanese occupation was
nationalism , country , love, life in the
barrios , faith religion and arts.
✣ THREE TYPES OF POEMS
EMERGED DURING THIS PERIOD:
✣ Haiku
✣ Tanaga
✣ Karaniwang anyo
17
Haiku (はいく) - a poem of three verses that the
Japanese liked.
•previously known as “hokku”.
•a very short form of Japanese poetry.
•an unrhymed verse form of Japanese
-made up of 17 syllables divided into 3 lines.
-first line had 5 syllables, the second has 7 syllables
,and third 5. or known as [5 7 5 ]
18
Example of haiku

19
Tanaga – like haiku it is short but has
measure and rhyme.
-each line has 7 syllables and is also
allegorical in meaning.

20
Example of tanaga

21
Karaniwang Anyo
(Usual Form) – the usual and
common form of poetry.

22
FILIPINO DRAMA
DURING THIS
PERIOD.

23
✣ The drama experienced a lull during
this period because movie houses
showing American film were closed.
✣ The big movie houses were just made
to show stage shows.
✣ Many of the plays were reproductions
of English plays to Tagalog

24
✣ THE TRANSLATORS ARE:
1. Francisco Soc Rodrigo
2. Alberto Concio
3. Narciso Pimentel
✣ They also founded the organization of
Filipino players named : DRAMATIC
PHILIPPINES

25
✣ Dramatic Philippines
presentation of Ang
Kahapong Nagbalik,
Tagalog translation
of Francisco Alonso
Liongson's Spanish
original, El Pasado
Que Vuelve.

26
FEW OF PLAYWRIGHTERS WERE|
❑ Jose Ma. Hernandez – PANDAY PIRA
❑ Francisco Soc Rodrigo – SA PULA SA
PUTI
❑ Clodualdo del Mundo – BULAGA (an
expression in the game hide and seek)
❑ Julian Cruz Balmaceda – SINO BA
KAYO? , DAHIL SA ANAK ,at
HIGANTE NG PATAY
27
✣ Jose Maria Hernandez is a teacher and writer.
✣ Known for his Panday Pira, isang dulang makasaysayang
may 3 yugto.
✣ Ang iba pang sinulat na dula ni Jose Ma. Hernandez
ay The Olive Garden, isang dulang hango sa
Bibliya; Night Wind, Sunrise in the Farm, The Empty
House, Prelude to Dapitan, at White Sunday.
✣ Nagkamit ng gantimpala sa Palanca Memorial Award in
literature ang dulang White Sunday.
28
✣ Francisco "Soc" Aldana
Rodrigo (January 29, 1914 – January 4,
1998)
✣ His most celebrated play was Sa Pula,
Sa Puti while his most popular Kuro –
Kuro sa likod ng mga Balita had also
won legions of admirers throughout the
country. Some other famous works
include Tagalog translations of works of
Martyr of Golgotha and Cyrano de
Bergerac. 29
Clodualdo del Mundo
-In 1936, he co-founded and
became president of
"Panitikan", an avant-garde
group of college writers
in Tagalog.
president of "Ilaw ng Bayan" in
1937, and a member of "Ilaw
at Panitik" in 1938.
30
His name was associated with various magazines as
associate editor, managing editor or editor. Among these
magazines were Alitaptap, Orient
Digest, Nautilus, Halakhak, Mabuhay, Aliwan, Paru-
Paro, Daigdig and Liwayway.
✣ Del Mundo continued to write literary pieces. During
his later years at Liwayway, he focused his work on the
"tanaga“.
✣ He produced a total of 283 of these short poems. He
was editorial director of Liwayway when he died on
October 5, 1977. 31
Julian Cruz Balmaceda
Major works
✣ Sa Bunganga ng Pating (On the
Shark's Mouth) - condemns
usurers and usurpers.
✣ Budhi ng Manggagawa (Worker's
Will), Dugo ng Aking Ama (My
Father's Blood), Kaaway na
Lihim (Secret Enemy) - discussed
his ideals on socialism.
32
Sangkuwaltang Abaka (One Penny-worth Abaca) - one of his
major breakthrough; it was played many times during Japanese
occupation. Sangkuwaltang Abaka was re-played after the war
using the title Sino Ba Kayo? (Who are They?) that likewise,
became a major play.
Sining at Agham ng mga Dulang Iisahing Yugto (Science and
Arts of One-Staged Plays) - book compilation of his different
plays. It explained the existence of arts and sciences when
making one-staged plays. The book includes Sino Ba
Kayo?; Dahil sa Anak (Because of His/Her Child); Ang Palabas
ni Suwan (Suwan's Show); Higanti ng Patay (Dead Man's
Revenge); Ang Libingan ng Bayani33 (The Hero'sTomb);
FILIPINO SHORT
STORIES DURING
THIS PERIOD.

34
 ✣ The field of short story widened during the
Japanese occupation.
✣ Many wrote shorts stories.Among them were :
✓ Serafin Guinigindo at Brigido Batungbakal
✓ Narciso Ramos
✓ Alicia Lopez Lim
✓ Macario Pineda
✓ Liwayway Arceo
✓ NVM Gonzales
✓ Ligaya Perez
✓ Gloria35 Guzman
Macario Pineda (10 Abril 1912–2 Agosto 1950)
Ang kaniyang unang kuwento, ang “Five Minutes”
ay nailathala sa Graphic. Nagpatuloy man siya sa
pagsulat sa Ingles, higit na nakilala ang kaniyang
mga kuwento sa Tagalog.
Noong1937, ang kaniyang kuwentong“Walang
Maliw ang mga Bituin” na nailathala sa Mabuhay
ay napiling isa sa sampung pinakamahuhusay na
kuwento ng taón. Nakapaglathala rin siya ng mga
akda sa Liwayway, Malaya, Bulaklak, Ilang-ilang,
Daigdig, at Sinag-tala.
36
Hinahangaan siya sa paggamit ng
katutubong kulay at mahusay na
kaalaman sa idyoma at tradisyonal
na kostumbre ng mga Filipino.
Sumulat din si Pineda ng mga
nobela, bilang aklat o bilang de-
serye. Kabilang sa mga nobelang
ito ang Halina sa Ating Bukas
(1946), Ginto sa Makiling (1947),
Mutyang Tagailog (1947-1948),
Langit ng Isang Pag- ibig (1948), at
Isang Milyong Piso (1950). 37
Sumulat ng MGA Lihim Na
Daigdig,Damdamin ni Corazon at
iba pang kwento at Munting Patak-
ulan
Ilan sa kanyang mga natanggap na
parangal ang Carlos Palanca
Memorial Award for Literature
(1975), Cultural Center of the
Philippines Literary Award (1979) at
Quezon City Literary Award
(1980).Noong 1983, ginawaran siya Gloria Guzman
ng Komisyon ng Wika Award para
sa Tula, Fiksyon at Literaturang
38
The best writings in 1945 were selected
by group of judges composed of:
✓ Francisco Icasiano
✓ Jose Esperanza Cruz
✓ Antonio Rosales
✓ Clodualdo del Mundo
✓ Teodoro Santos

39
First Price: Narciso Reyes – LUPANG
TINUBUAN
Second Price: Liwayway Arceo – UHAW
ANG TIGANG NA LUPA
Third Price: NVM Gonzales – LUNSOD
NGAYON AT DAGAT DAGATAN

40
✣ Narciso G. Reyes was a
Filipino diplomat and
author. He served as
Chairman of UNICEF from
1972 to 1974 and as
Secretary-General of the
Association of Southeast
Asian Nations from 1980 to
1982.

41
✣ Liwayway A. Arceo was a
multi-awarded Tagalog
fictionist, journalist, radio
scriptwriter and editor
from the Philippines.
Arceo authored a
number of well-received
novels, such as Canal de
la Reina and Titser.
42
✣ Néstor Vicente Madali
González was a Filipino
novelist, short story
writer, essayist and, poet.
Conferred as the
National Artist of the
Philippines for
Literature in 1997
43
 PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE IN
ENGLISH (1941 – 1945)
✣ Because of the strict prohibition imposed by
the Japanese in the writing and publishing of
works in English, Philippine literature in
English experience a dark period.
✣ Writings that came out during this period
were journalistic in nature. Writers felt
supressed but slowly , the spirit of
nationalism started to seep into their
consciousness .While some continued to
write , the majority waited for a better
climate to published their works.
45
Networthy writer if the period
was Carlos P. Romulo who
won the Pulitzer Prize for his
best seller:
✓ I SAW THE FALL OF THE
PHILIPPINES
✓ I SEE THE PHILIPPINE
RISE
✓ MOTHER AMERICA AND
MY BROTHER
AMERICANS 46
✣ Pulitzer Prize, any of a
series of annual prizes
awarded by Columbia
University, New York
City, for outstanding
public service and
achievement in American
journalism, letters, and
music. Fellowships are
also awarded.
47
✣ Journalist include
Salvador P. Lopez , Leon
Ma. Guerrero , Raul
Manglapuz ,and Carlos
Bulosan.
✣ Nick Joaquin produced
THE WOMAN WHO
LOOKED LIKE
LAZARUS.
✣ F.B Icasiano wrote essays
in THE PHILIPPINE
REVIEW 48
Carlos Bulosan works included:
THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER (1944)
THE VOICE OF BATAAN (1943)
SIX FILIPINO POETS (1942) among
others.
Alfredo Litiatco published WITH HARP
AND SLING
Jose P. Laurel published FORCES THAT
MAKES A NATION GREAT 1943

49
The Commonwealth Literary Awards
gave prizes to meritorious writers.
LIKE THE MOLAVE – Rafael Zulueta da
Costa (poetry)
HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGHT
HOME A WIFE – Manuel E. Arguilla
(short story)
LITERATURE AND SOCIETY –
Salvador P. Lopez (essay)
HIS NATIVE SOIL – Juan Laya (novel)
50
✣ Rafael Zulueta da Costa
was a Filipino poet. He used
the name R. Zulueta da Costa as
a writer, and Rafael Zulueta as a
businessman. He was a
graduate of De La Salle College
where he specialized in
business administration. He
began writing poems in
Spanish and later he also wrote
in English.
51
52
Juan Laya
✣ Humiliation of His
Children 1931;
✣ Out of
Storm 1939; His Native
Soil 1940

53
✣ President Manuel L. Quezon
autobiography THE GOOD FIGHT
was published posthumously .
✣ Radio broadcast echoed the mingled
fear and doubts in the hearts of the
people.
✣ Other writers of this period were:
✓ Juan Collas 1944
✓ Tomas Confesor 1945
✓ Roman A. de la Cruz and Elisa
Tabunar. 54
Roman A. de la Cruz
✣ known as the Dean of Aklan Journalism
and the historian of Aklan.
✣ he is also a poet, a novelist, a politician,
an essayist, and a lay minister
✣ During the war, he enlisted himself as a
guerilla in the USAFFE. His experiences
in the war were included in his short
story book,Alone along the Lonely
Road and Other Stories
✣ He founded and edited The Aklan
Reporter, 55
✣ Other informations
✣ María Rosa Luna Henson or “Nana Rosa”
was the first Filipina who made public in 1992
her story as a comfort woman for the
Imperial Japanese Army “Comfort Woman
Slave of Destiny”during the Second World
War. Published in 1996

✣ Stevan Javellana was a Filipino novelist and

short story writer in the English language. He
wrote “Without Seeng the Dawn”
✣ “Santiago” was the movie adaptation starring
Fernando Poe Jr. 56
✣ July 4, 1946- Inauguration of the First
Philippine Republic.
✣ August 15,1945 – surrender of Japan.
✣ October 20, 1944 – the date
MacArthur return

57
THANK YOU

58
THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM
PHILIPINE LITERATURE

ACLAN, SHIKYNA D.
DELOS REYES, JENELYN M.
ORTEGA, APREAL JOICE P.
Historical Background

The Americans returned in 1945. Filipinos rejoiced and guerrillas

who fled to the mountains joined the liberating American Army.
On July 4, 1946, the Philippines regained its freedom and the
Filipino flag waved joyously alone. The chains were broken.
A.The State Of Literature During This Period
The early post-liberation period was marked by a kind of
"struggle of mind and spirit" posed by the sudden emancipation
from the enemy and the wild desire to see print. Filipinos had,
by this time, learned to express themselves more confidently but
post-war problems beyond language and print-like economic
stability, the threat of new ideas and mortality - had to be
grappled with side by side.
There was a proliferation of newspapers like the FREE PRESS,
MORNING SUN, of Sergio Osmeña Sr., DAILY NEWS of Manuel Roxas,
MANILA TIMES and DAILY MIRROR of Joaquin Roces, EVENING NEWS of
Ramon Roces, PHILIPPINE HERALD of Soriano, CHRONICLE of the
Lopezes and the BULLETIN of Menzi. This only proved that there were
more readers in English than in any other vernaculars like Tagalog,
Ilocano or Hiligaynon.

Journalists had their day. They indulged in more militant attitude in

their reportings which bordered on the libelous. Gradually, as
normality was restored, the tones and themes of the writings turned to
the less pressing problems of economic survival.
Sergio Osmeña Sr. 9 September 1878 – 19
October 1961)
was a Filipino politician who served as
the fourth President of the Philippines from
1944 to 1946. He was Vice
President under Manuel L. Quezon. Upon
Quezon's sudden death in 1944, Osmeña
succeeded him at age 65, becoming the oldest
person to assume the Philippine presidency
until Rodrigo Duterte took office in 2016 at
age 71. A founder of the Nacionalista Party,
Osmeña was also the first Visayan to become
president.
Manuel Acuña Roxas ( born Manuel Roxas y Acuña;
January 1, 1892 – April 15, 1948)
was the fifth President of the
Philippines who served from 1946 until his
death in 1948. He briefly served as the third and
last President of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines from May 28, 1946 to July 4, 1946
and then became the first President of the
independent Third Philippine Republic after the
United States ceded its sovereignty over the
Philippines.
Joaquin "Chino" Roces (June 29, 1913 –
September 30, 1988)
was the founder and owner
of Associated Broadcasting
Company and The Manila
Times.
Ramon Roces

ay isang tanyag na tagapaglathala

sa Pilipinas. Itinuturing na "Lolo ng
Pilipinong Komiks" o "Lolo ng Komiks sa
Pilipinas," at "Magiting na Matandang
Tao ng Tanyag na Pagpapahayag ng
Pilipinas" (The Grand Old Man of
Philippine Popular Press).
Amante Bigornia

a veteran journalist
and former president of
the National Press Club.
Roman dela Cruz
he is known as the Dean of
Aklan journalism and the
historian of Aklan. But he is also
a poet, a novelist, a politician, an
essayist, and a lay minister. He
started writing when he was still
in high school.
León María Guerrero y
Leogardo (January 21, 1853 – April 13,
1935)
was a Filipino writer,
revolutionary leader, politician, the
first licensed pharmacist in the
Philippines, and one of the most
eminent botanists in the country in
his time.
Salvador Ponce Lopez (May
27, 1911 – October 18, 1993)
born in Currimao, Ilocos
Norte, was a Filipino
writer,journalist,educator,
diplomat and statesman.
Néstor Vicente Madali
González (September 8, 1915 – November
28, 1999)

was a Filipino novelist, short

story writer, essayist and, poet.
Conferred as the National Artist of
the Philippines for Literature in 1997.
Some Filipino writers who had gone abroad and had
written during the interims came back to publish
their works.

Not all the books published during the period

reflected the war years; some were compilations or
second editions of what had been written before.
Some of the writers and their works of the periods are:

• THE VOICE OF THE VETERAN - a compilation of the

bestworks of some Ex-USAFFE men like Amante
Bigornia, Roman de la Cruz, Ramon de Jesus and J.F.
Rodriquez
• TWILIGHT IN TOKYO and PASSION and DEATH OF THE
USAFFE by Leon Ma. Guerrero
• FOR FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY by S.P. Lopez
• BETRAYAL IN THE PHILIPPINES by Hernando Abaya
• SEVEN HILLS AWAY by NVM Gonzales
1. POETRY IN ENGLISH DURING THIS PERIOD

For the first twenty years, many books were published both in
Filipino and in English. Among the writers during this time were:
Fred Ruiz Castro, Dominador I. Ilio, and C.B.Rigor.

Some notable works of the period include the following:

1. HEART OF THE ISLANDS (1947) a collection of poems by Manuel

Viray
2. PHILIPPINES CROSS SECTION (1950) a collection of prose and
poetry by Maximo Ramos and FlorentinoValeros
3. PROSE AND POEMS (1952) by Nick Joaquin
4. PHILIPPINE WRITING (1953) by T.D. AGCAOILI
5. PHILIPPINE HARVEST by Amador Daguio
6. HORIZONS LEAST (1967) a collection of works by the
professors of UE, mostly in English (short stories, essays,
research papers, poems and drama) by Artemio Patacsil and
Silverio Baltazar
7. WHO SPOKE OF COURAGE IN HIS SLEEP by NVM
8. SPEAK NOT, SPEAK ALSO by Conrado V. PedrocheGonzales
9. Other poets were Toribia Maño and Edith L. Tiempo
Jose Garcia Villa's HAVE COME, AM HERE
won acclaim both here and abroad.

The themes of most poems dealt with the

usual love of nature, and of social and political
problems. Toribia Maño's poems showed deep
emotional intensity.
Fred Ruiz Castro (September 2, 1914 –
April 19, 1979)

was the Chief Justice of the

Supreme Court of the
Philippines from January 5, 1976,
until his death on April 19, 1979,
while on an official trip to India.
Dominador “Dom” Ibarra Ilio (November
15, 1913 - February 7, 2006)
was a poet and professor born in
Malinao, Capiz (now part of Aklan). He is
considered a pioneer of Philippine
literature in English as a recognized poet
and author both in the Philippines and in
the United States. He was an engineer by
profession.
C.B Rigor

a poet, novelist and teacher

during the pre- W war.He was best
known for his fictions and poems. He
had published two volumes of poetry,
“Bataan Harvest” and “The Flaming
Lyre”. He served as chief editor for the
Philippine House of Representatives
before he died in 1966.
Manuel Viray

was born on April 13, 1917, in the

province of Pangasinan, in the
Philippines. Mr. Viray was a poet, an
educator, short story writer and an
essayist. He taught creative writing and
literary criticism in universities in Manila,
Philippines.
Maximo Dumlao Ramos
led a triple life as teacher, editor, and
writer for over 45 years. Born on November
18, 1910 he was descended from the Dumlao
and Ramos farming folk of Paoay, llocos Norte,
who pioneered in Southern Zambales early in
the 19th century. His first published work
would subsequently be about folk beliefs in
San Narciso, Zambales. In later work, he
explored stories from his childhood
in Boyhood in Monsoon Country.
Nicomedes "Nick" Márquez Joaquín May 4,
1917 – April 29, 2004)
was a Filipino writer and journalist best
known for his short stories and novels in
the English language. He also wrote using the
pen name Quijano de Manila. Joaquín was
conferred the rank and title of National Artist of
the Philippines for Literature. He has been
considered one of the most important Filipino
writers, along with José Rizal and Claro M.
Recto. Joaquin's major works were written in
English despite being a native Spanish speaker.
Amador T. Daguio (January 8, 1912)

Laoag, Ilocos Norte, Philippine

Islands was a Filipino writer and poet
during pre-war Philippines. He
published two books in his lifetime,
and three more posthumously. He was
a Republic Cultural Heritage awardee
for his works.
Edith L. Tiempo (April 22, 1919
– August 21, 2011)
Tiempo was born
in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya ,
poet, fiction writer, teacher and
literary critic was
a Filipino writer in the English
language.
José Garcia Villa (August 5, 1908 –
February 7, 1997)
was a Filipino poet, literary critic, short story writer,
and painter. He was awarded the National Artist of the
Philippines title for literature in 1973, as well as the
Guggenheim Fellowship in creative writing by Conrad Aiken
Hee is known to have introduced the "reversed consonance
rhyme scheme" in writing poetry, as well as the extensive
use of punctuation marks—especially commas, which made
him known as the Comma Poet. He used the pen
name Doveglion (derived from "Dove, Eagle, Lion"), based
on the characters he derived from his own works. These
animals were also explored by another poet, E. E.
Cummings, in "Doveglion, Adventures in Value", a poem
dedicated to Villa.
2. NOVELS AND SHORT STORIES IN ENGLISH

Longer and longer pieces were being written by writers of the period.
Stevan Javellana's WITHOUT SEEING THE DAWN tells of the grim
experiences of war during the Japanese Occupation.

In 1946, the Barangay Writer's Project whose aim was to publish works in
English by Filipinos was established.

In 1958, the PEN Center of the Philippines (Poets, Essayists, Novelists) was
inaugurated. In the same year Francisco Arcellana published his PEN
ANTHOLOGY OF SHORT STORIES.
In 1961, Kerima Polotan's novel THE HAND OF THE ENEMY won
the Stonehill Award for the Filipino novel in English.

In 1968, Luis V. Teodoro Jr.'s short story THE ADVERSARY won

the Philippines Free Press short storyaward; in 1969, his story
THE TRAIL OF PROFESSOR RIEGO won second prize in the
Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature and in 1970, his short
story THE DISTANT CITY won the GRAPHIC short story award.
Stevan Javellana (1918–1977)
was a Filipino novelist and short
story writer in the English language. He is also
known as Esteban Javellana. Javellana was
born in 1918 in Iloilo. He fought as
a guerrilla during the Japanese invasion of the
Philippines. After World War II, he graduated
from the University of the Philippines College
of Law in 1948. He stayed in the United States
afterwards but he died in the Visayas in 1977
at the age of 59.
Francisco "Franz"
Arcellana (September 6, 1916 –
August 1, 2002)
was a Filipino writer, poet,
essayist, critic, journalist and
teacher.
Kerima Polotan-Tuvera (December
16, 1925 – August 19, 2011)

Born in Jolo, Sulu, she was

christened Putli Kerima, was
a Filipino fiction writer, essayist, and
journalist. Some of her stories were
published under the pseudonym
"Patricia S. Torres".
THE NEW FILIPINO LITERATURE DURING THIS PERIOD

Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most

themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of the poverty of
life under the Japanese government and the brave guerrilla exploits.

Newspapers and magazine publications were re-opened like the Bulaklak,

Liwayway, Ilang Ilang, and Sinag Tala. Tagalog poetry acquired not only
rhyme but substance and meaning. Short stories had better characters
and events based on facts and realities and themes were more
meaningful. Novels became common but were still read by the people for
recreation. The people's love for listening to poetic jousts increased more
than before and people started to flock to places to hear poetic debates.
 Many books were published during this time, among which
were:
1. Mga Piling Katha (1947-48) by Alejandro Abadilla
2. Ang Maikling Kuwentong Tagalog (1886-1948) by Teodoro Agoncillo
3. Ako'y Isang Tinig (1952) collection of poems : Genoveva Edroza Matute
4. Mga Piling Sanaysay (1952) by Alejandro Abadiua
5. Maikling Katha ng Dalawampung Pangunahing Autor (1962) by A.G. Abadilla
and Ponciano E. P. Pineda
6. Parnasong Tagalog (1964) collection of selected poems by Huseng Sisiw and
Balagtas, collected by A. G. Abadilla
7. Sining at Pamamaraan ng Pag-aaral ng Panitikan (1965) by Rufino Alejandro.
He prepared this book for teaching in reading and appreciation of poems, dramas,
short stories and novels
8. Manlilikha, Mga Piling Tula (1961-1967) by Rogelio G. Mangahas
9. Mga Piling Akda ng Kadipan (Kapisanang Aklat ng Diwa at Panitik) 1965 by
Efren Abueg
10. Makata (1967) first cooperative effort to publish the poems of 16 poets in
Pilipino
11. Pitong Dula (1968) by Dionisio Salazar
12. Manunulat: Mga Piling Akdang Pilipino (1970) by Efren Abueg. In this
book, Abueg proved that it is possible to a national integration of ethnic
culture in our country.
13. Mga Aklat ni Rizal: Many books about Rizal came out during this period.
The law ordering the additional study of the life of Rizal helped a lot in
activating our writers to write books about Rizal,
THE PALANCA AWARDS

Another inspiration for writers in Filipino was the launching of the Palanca Memorial
Awards for literature headed by Carlos Palanca Sr. in 1950. (until now, the awards are
still being given although the man who founded it has pass away). The wards were
given to writers of short stories, plays and poetry.

The first awardees in its first year, 1950-51 in the field of the short story were the
following:

• First Prize: KUWENTO NI MABUTI by Genoveva Edroza

• Second Prize: MABANGIS NA KAMAY .MAAMONG KAMAY by Pedro S. Dandan
• Third Prize: PLANETA, BUWAN AT MGA BITUIN by Elpidio P. Kapulong.

Here in is the summary of the story of Kuwento ni Mabuti: (Translated in English)

BARTOLINA NG MUNTINLUPA 22 ng Abril 1952

REPUBLIC CULTURAL HERITAGE AWARDEES (1960-1971) (Awards given on 12

June, Philippine Independence Day)

1960: NVM Gonzales - poet and fictionist

1961: Nick Joaquin - poet, fictionist, playwright, essayist, critic,
Cesar Adib Majul – historian
1962: Amado V. Hernandez - poet and fiction
Jose Garcia Villa- poet and short story writer
1963: Kerima Polotan – fictionist
Teo S. Baylen - poet and fictionist
1964: Carlos A. Angeles- poet
Carlos Quirino- historian
1965: Carlos P. Romulo essayist, novelist,
Horacio de la Costa- historian
Alejandrino G. Hufana- poet
Bienvenido N. Santos- poet and fictionist
1966: Iñigo Ed. Regalado - novelist,
Alejandro G. Abadilla - poet,
Arturo B. Rotor - short story writer
1967:(no writer awardee)
1968:Domingo Abella - historian,
Ricardo Demetillo – poet
1969:Nicolas Zafra - historian
1970:Lazaro Francisco – novelist
1971:Lope K. Santos - novelist,
F. Landa Jocano anthropologist ,writer
Alejandro G. Abadilla (March 10, 1906 –
August 26, 1969), commonly known
as AGA,
was a Filipino poet, essayist, and
fiction writer. Critic Pedro Ricarte referred
to Abadilla as the father of modern
Philippine poetry, and was known for
challenging established forms and
literature's "excessive romanticism and
emphasis on rhyme and meter". Abadilla
helped found the Kapisanang Panitikan in
1935 and edited a magazine
called Panitikan. His Ako ang
Daigdig collection of poems is one of his
better-known works.
Teodoro Andal Agoncillo (November 9,
1912 – January 14, 1985)
was a prominent 20th-
century Filipino historian. He and his
contemporary Renato Constantino were
among the first Filipino historians
renowned for promoting a distinctly
nationalist point of view of Filipino history
(nationalist historiography). He was also
an essayist and a poet.
Ponciano B. Peralta Pineda
is a Filipino writer, teacher,
linguist and lawyer. Ponciano
Pineda is considered as the
"Father of the Commission on
Filipino Language" for his
promotion to establish a
commission based on Section 9
of our Philippine Constitution.
José de la Cruz (December 21, 1746 –
March 12, 1829)

more popularly known as Huseng

Sisiw, was one of the
great Tagalog writers during the Spanish
colonization of the Philippines. He is given
the honorific title "Hari ng Makatang
Tagalog" ("King of Tagalog Poetry") in the
Philippines.
Rogelio Mangahas (9 May
1939 – 4 July 2018)

was a Filipino artist and

poet.
Efren Reyes Abueg (born 3 March 1937
in Tanza, Cavite)
is a well-known and recognized Filipino-
language creative writer, editor, author, novelist,
short story writer, essayist, fictionist, professor,
textbook writer, and anthologist in
the Philippines. His works appeared on
magazinessuchas Liwayway, Bulaklak, Tagumpa
y,Mod, and Homelife.
Tubong-Nueva Ecija na ipinanganak noong Pebrero 8,1919 si Dianision Santiaga
Salazar. Nagtapos ng kolehiyo sa prestihiyosong Unibersidad ng Pilipinas
(kursong AB) at Unibersidad ng Sto. Tomas (para sa kanyang MA). Isa siyang
premyadong manunulat at hindi matatawaran ang kaniyang husay at galing,
patunay na rito ang siyam (9)na robelang kaniyang isinulat at nailathala na tunay
namang maipagmamak natin. Nagtamo siya ng iba't bang parangal gaya ng
Carios Palanca Award, National Balagtas Award, Dangal ng Lahi sa Dula, Manila
Cultural Heritage Avard, TOFIL Awardee for Drama and Literature at iba pa. Siya
ay tunay na huwarang manunulat ng makabagong panahon. Ang kanyang mga
dula ay isang obra maestrang maipagmamalaki rating lahat. Isa siyang premyado
at walang katulad ang husay na manunulat na dapat ipagmalaki sa lahat. Ang
kaniyang mga isinulat ay dapat tangkilikin sapagkat ito'y sariling atin. SINAG SA
KARIMLAN ni Dionisio S. Salazar
Dianision Santiaga Salazar
Genoveva Dizon Edroza-
Matute (January 3, 1915 – March 21,
2009)

was a Filipino author. In 1951, she

was the recipient of the first ever Palanca
Award for Short Story in Filipino, for
"Kuwento ni Mabuti", which has been cited
as the most anthologized Tagalog
language short story.
Pedro S. Dandan (1916-1983)

ay sinilang sa Juan
Luna, Tondo, Maynila, noong 30
Hunyo 1916.
Cesar Adib Majul (October 21, 1923
- October 11, 2003)

was a Philippine historian best

known for his work on the history
of Islam in the Philippines and on
the life of Apolinario Mabini.
Amado Vera Hernandez, commonly known
as Amado V. Hernandez (September 13,
1903 – March 24, 1970)

was a Filipino writer and labor leader

who was known for his criticism of social
injustices in the Philippines and was later
imprisoned for his involvement in
the communist movement. He was the
central figure in a landmark legal case that
took 13 years to settle.
José Garcia Villa (August 5, 1908 – February 7, 1997)
was a Filipino poet, literary critic, short story writer,
and painter. He was awarded the National Artist of the
Philippines title for literature in 1973 as well as the
Guggenheim Fellowship in creative writing by Conrad Aiken
He is known to have introduced the "reversed consonance
rhyme scheme" in writing poetry, as well as the extensive
use of punctuation marks—especially commas, which made
him known as the Comma Poet. He used the pen
name Doveglion (derived from "Dove, Eagle, Lion"), based
on the characters he derived from his own works. These
animals were also explored by another poet, E. E.
Cummings, in "Doveglion, Adventures in Value", a poem
dedicated to Villa.
Teo S. Baylen
Ay isinilang sa Noveleta, Cavite noong 21
Enero 1904. Isa siyang manunulat.
Born on May 25, 1921 in Tacloban City, Leyte, the poet Carlos A.
Angeles graduated from Rizal High 1938 and went on to study at
various universities, first in pre-medicine and next pre-law. He had
one semester at Ateneo de Manila, two at UP in 1941 (where he
became a member of the UP Writers’ Club), and one quarter at
Central Luzon Colleges. He did not return to school after World
War II, but he led an impressive career as chief of the Philippine
bureau of International News Service from 1950 to 1958, guest of
the US State Department on a Smith-Mundt leader grant, press
assistant under the Garcia administration, and public relations
manager of PanAm Airlines from 1958 to 1980. He also served in
the board of directors of International PEN, Philippine chapter.
Carlos A. Angeles
Carlos Lozada Quirino (14 January
1910 – 20 May 1999)
was a Philippine biographer and
historian.
Carlos Peña Romulo, QSC CLH NA (14 January 1898 – 15
December 1985)
was a Filipino diplomat, statesman, soldier,
journalist and author. He was a reporter at 16, a
newspaper editor by the age of 20, and a publisher at 32.
He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines,
a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army,
university president, President of the UN General
Assembly, was eventually named one of the
Philippines' National Artists in Literature, and was the
recipient of many other honors and honorary degrees. He
was born in Camiling, Tarlac and he studied at the
Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic
education.
Horacio de la Costa (May 9, 1916 –
March 20, 1977)

was the first Filipino Provincial

Superior of the Society of Jesus in
the Philippines, and a recognized authority
in Philippine and Asian culture and history.
Alejandrino G. Hufana (1926-2003)
was a Filipino poet and author. Born
in San Fernando, La Union, Philippines, on
22 Oct 1926, Hufana earned his A.B. in
English from the University of the
Philippines, Quezon City in 1952. In 1957 he
married Julita Quiming, with whom he had
four daughters.
Bienvenido N. Santos
was a Filipino-American
fiction, poetry and nonfiction writer.
He was born and raised in Tondo,
Manila. His family roots are originally
from Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines.
He lived in the United States for
many years where he is widely
credited as a pioneering Asian-
American writer.
Iñigo Ed. Regalado
was a Filipino poet, journalist, and
novelist. He was the son of Iñigo Corcuera
Regalado, the renowned Tagalog printer
and journalist. His mother was Saturnina
Reyes. As an editor, Iñigo Ed Regalado was
one of the "powerful voices" in the
newspapers and magazines during the
first part of the 1900s.
Arturo B. Rotor (June 7, 1907 – April 9, 1988)
was a Filipino medical doctor,
civil servant, musician, and writer. Rotor
died in 1988 from cancer and was
survived by his wife Emma Unson, who
taught college mathematics and physics.
They had no children.
Ricaredo Demetillo (June 2, 1919 or
1920 – 1998)
was a Filipino essayist,
poet, and playwright. Demetillo
was one of the most important
and prolific literary figures in the
Philippines during the Twentieth
Century and has won numerous
awards for his writing.
Nicolas Zafra (21 December 1892 - 7 January
1979)
was a Filipino historian and educator.
He was professor emeritus of history at
the University of the Philippines. He died on
January 7, 1979. He was the president of
the Philippine Historical Association in 1962
and was a recipient of the Cultural Heritage
Award of the Philippines in 1969.
Lázaro Francisco y Angeles, also known as Lazaro A.
Francisco (February 22, 1898 – June 17, 1980)
Was a Filipino novelist, essayist and playwright.
Francisco was posthumously named a National Artist of the
Philippines for Literature in 2009
Lope K. Santos (born Lope Santos y Canseco,
September 25, 1879 – May 1, 1963)
Father of Filipino Grammar

was a Filipino Tagalog-language writer and

former senator of the Philippines. He is best known
for his 1906 socialist novel, Banaag at Sikat and to
his contributions for the development
of Filipino grammar and Tagalog orthography.
Felipe Landa Jocano (February 5, 1930 – October 27,
2013)
was a Filipino anthropologist, educator, and
author known for his significant body of work within
the field of Philippine Anthropology, and in particular
for documenting and translating the Hinilawod,
a Western Visayan folk epic. His eminence within the
field of Philippine anthropology was widely
recognized during his lifetime with National Artist F.
Sionil Jose dubbing him "the country’s first and
foremost cultural anthropologist“.
Thank you!😊