What force is required to punch a 20-mm diameter hole through a 10-mm thick plate?

If the
ultimate strength of the plate material is 450 MPa.
A. 241 kN
B. 386 kN
C. 283 kN
D. 252 kN

A rail road track is laid at a temperature of 10oC with gaps of 0.007 m between the ends of the
rails. The rails are 20 m long. Coefficient of thermal expansion is 11.25 x 10-6C. Modulus of
elasticity = 200 000 MPa. Which of the following gives the corresponding strain due to this
deformation?
A. 0.00049
B. 0.00022
C. 0.00056
D. 0.00037

A cantilever beam 5 m long carries a concentrated load P at 3.75 m from the fixed end.

Given:
Beam moment of inertia, I = 1.6 x 10 9 mm4
Modulus of Elasticity, E= 25 x 103 MPa
Concentrated Load, P = 150 kN
What upward force (kN) is to be applied at the free end to prevent the beam from
deflecting?
A. 99 kN
B. 65 kN
C. 95 kN
D. 85 kN

A tied column 450 mm square is reinforced with 8 -28 mm φ equally distributed on its sides. The
unsupported length of the the column is 2.6 m and is prevented to sidesway due to shear walls. K
= 1.0, fc' = 20.7 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Use 40 mm covering measured from center to center of
reinforcement with tie diameter is 12 mm. Es = 200 GPa.
Determine the balanced moment
A. 682.02 kN.m
B. 482.62 kN.m
C. 282.63 kN.m
D. 486.26 kN.m

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A cantilever beam 5 m long carries a concentrated load P at 3.75 m from the fixed end.

Given:
Beam moment of inertia, I = 1.6 x 10 9 mm4
Modulus of Elasticity, E= 25 x 103 MPa
Concentrated Load, P = 150 kN
What is the maximum deflection of the beam?
A. -79 mm
B. -109 mm
C. -99 mm
D. -69 mm

A timber joist 40 mm x 190 mm (dressed dimensions) spaced at 0.3 m on centers, carries a floor
load of 2.4 kPa including the floor finish. The joist is supported by the girder at 3 m. Two lengths
of joist are used L = 3 m and L = 3.5 m. EI is constant through the span.
What is the maximum shear stress when L =3 m?
A. 0.21 MPa
B. 0.31 MPa
C. 0.41 MPa
D. 0.11 MPa

A 12 mm thick steel tire, has a width of 110 mm and it has an internal diameter of 800 mm. The
tire is heated and shrunk to a steel wheel 800.5 mm diameter. Modulus of elasticity E =
200GPa. Determine the tensile stress in the tire.
A. 150 MPa
B. 484 MPa
C. 375 MPa
D. 125 MPa

A beam with b = 250 mm and depth d = 450 mm is prestressed by an initial force of 600 kN.
Total loss of prestress at service load is 15%.
Calculate the eccentricity (mm) at which the prestressing force can be applied so that the
resulting tensile stress at the top fiber of the beam is zero.
A. 85 mm
B. 65 mm
C. 55 mm
D. 75 mm

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A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 380 mm, effective depth of 570 mm carries a uniform
live load of 90 kN/m and a uniform dead load of 60 kN/m. The reinforcing steel strength Fy =
276 MPa and specified strength of concrete of fc' = 21 MPa. The beam has a span of 4.0 meters.
Which of the following gives the factored uniform load in kN/m?
A. 237
B. 226
C. 210
D. 260

A spherical pressure vessel 400-mm in diameter has a uniform thickness of 6 mm. The vessel
contains gas under a pressure of 8, 000 kPa. If the ultimate tensile stress of the material is 420
MPa, what is the factor of safety with respect to tensile failure?
A. 3.15
B. 2.15
C. 2.55
D. 3.55

Two plates each with thickness t = 16 mm are bolted together with 6 – 22 mm diameter bolts
forming a lap connection.
Bolt spacing are as follows :
S1 = 40 mm, S2 = 80 mm, S3 = 100 mm
Bolt hole diameter = 25 mm
Allowable stress :
Tensile stress on gross area of the plate = 0.60 Fy
Tensile stress on net area of the plate = 0.50 Fu
Shear stress of the bolt : Fv = 120 MPa
Bearing stress of the bolt : Fp = 1.2 Fu
Calculate the permissible tensile load P under the following conditions. Based on shear
capacity of bolts.
A. 504 KN
B. 1013.76 KN
C. 592 KN
D. 273.70 KN

A water tank is 22 ft in diameter, is made from steel plates that are 0.5 inch thick. Find the
maximum height to which the tank may be filled if the circumferential stress is limited to 6000
psi.

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 A. 60.8 ft
B. 42.6 ft
C. 52.4 ft
D. 84.52 ft

From the given truss, it is made up of guijo 100 mm x 1500 mm. It is subjected to a vertical load
of 20 kN acting at C.
Allowable stress of wooden section.

Shear parallel to the grain = 1.0 MPa

Shear longitudinal for joints = 1.45 MPa
Compression Parallel to the grain = 11
MPa
Compression perpendicular to the grain =
5 MPa

What is the axial stress of member AC?

A. 2.26 MPa
B. 2.62 MPa
C. 1.26 MPa
D. 3.62 MPa

A 12 m simply supported beam is provided by an additional support at mid span. The beam has a
width of b = 300 mm and a total depth h = 450 mm. It is reinforced with 4 -25 mm diameter bars
at tension side and 2 -25 mm diameter bars at the compression side with 70 mm cover to centroid
of reinforcements. fc' = 30 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. Use 0.75 ρ b = 0.023.
Determine the nominal bending moment, Mn.
A. 236.6 kN.m
B. 266.2 kN.m
C. 263.2 kN.m
D. 226.3 kN.m

An 8m high retaining wall is subjected to lateral earth pressure increasing from 0 at the top to
138 kPa at the base. Flexural rigidity EI = 4.5 x 10 14 N.mm2. Analyze per meter length of wall.
Which of the following gives the moment at the base of the cantilever retaining wall?
A. 1472 kN.m
B. 589 kN.m

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 C. -1472 kN.m
D. -589 kN.m

A tied column 450 mm square is reinforced with 8 -28 mm φ equally distributed on its sides. The
unsupported length of the the column is 2.6 m and is prevented to sidesway due to shear walls. K
= 1.0, fc' = 20.7 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Use 40 mm covering measured from center to center of
reinforcement with tie diameter is 12 mm. Es = 200 GPa.
Determine the nominal load that the column could carry.
A. 4415.6 kN
B. 4416.5 kN
C. 4614.5 kN
D. 4641.6 kN

It is a property of a material to absorb energy in elastic range.

A. Toughness
B. Brittleness
C. ductility
D. Resilience

The initial compressive force of a steel column can be determined by

usingPe=π2EI(Le)2Pe=π2EI(Le)2. The properties of the column are the following:
A=8129mm2
Ix=178.3x106mm4
Iy=18.8x106mm4
fy=345MPa
E=200,000MPa
Proportionality Limit fx=320MPa
The x-axis has an unbraced length of 8 m which is pinned at the top and fixed at the bottom with
K = 0.70 to prevent sidesway. The y-axis has an unbraced length of 4 m due to the bracing at the
mid-height.
Compute the initial compressive load of the column
A. 3219 kN
B. 1239 kN
C. 2139 kN
D. 2319 kN

A beam 300 mm wide by 450 mm deep is simple supported on a span o 5 m.

Given
Superimposed uniformly distributed:

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 Dead Load = 16 kN/m
Live Load = 14 kN/m
fc' = 30 MPa
fy = 415 MPa
Es = 200 GPa
Unit weight of concrete = 23.5 kN/m3
Depth to the centroid of tension reinforcement = 70 mm from the bottom
Determine the number of 20 mm diameter tension bars required at midspan due to the applied
maximum design moment. Apply moment capacity reduction factor = 0.9. Assume a single-
reinforced beam. U = 1.4D + 1.7 L

A. Use 4 -20 mm φ bars

B. Use 6 -20 mm φ bars
C. Use 8 -20 mm φ bars
D. Use 5 -20 mm φ bars

A flexible shaft consist of 0.20 in diameter steel wire encased in a stationary tube that fits closely
enough to impose a frictional torque of 0.540 lb.in/in. Determine the maximum length of the
shaft if the shearing stress is not to exceed 20 ksi.
A. 49.98 in
B. 58.62 in
C. 75.12 in
D. 62.83 in

A 9 m cantilever retaining wall is subjected to active pressure increasing from 3 kN/m at the
top(free end) to 54 kN/m at the base(fixed end) per meter strip of length of wall along its
longitudinal axis. What is the maximum moment.
A. 121.5 kN.m
B. 688.5 kN.m
C. 567 kN.m
D. 810 kN.m

A round boom 55 ft long is subjected to a centric axial end load of 22, 000 lbs compression when
it is making an angle of 45o with the horizontal. The weight of timber is 34 lb/ft3. The allowable
stress is 1,600(1−L/60d). What is the size of the boom? Neglect the effect of the lateral buckling.
A. 11.06 inches
B. 17.61 inches

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 C. 13.82 inches
D. 12.47 inches

A simple supported beam 10 m. long gas an overhang of 2 m at the left support. If a highway
uniform load of 9.35 kN/m and a concentrated load of 116 kN, passes thru the beam, compute
the following based on influence line for maximum shear at mid span. Determine the length of
the beam where the uniform load could produce maximum negative shear at the mid span.
A. 6 m
B. 5 m
C. 7 m
D. 6.5 m

A beam 300 mm wide by 450 mm deep is simple supported on a span o 5 m.

Given
Superimposed uniformly distributed:
Dead Load = 16 kN/m
Live Load = 14 kN/m
fc' = 30 MPa
fy = 415 MPa
Es = 200 GPa
Unit weight of concrete = 23.5 kN/m3
Depth to the centroid of tension reinforcement = 70 mm from the bottom
What is the nominal bending capacity (kN.m) of the section if the tension reinforcement consists
of 3-25 mm φ bars?

A. 198 kN.m
B. 208 kN.m
C. 158 kN.m
D. 229 kN.m

A spiral column 600 mm in diameter has an unsupported height of 2.4 m. The column is bent in
single curvature and is braced against sidesways.
Given:
Axial load at service condition:
Dead Load, DL = 3200 KN
Live Load, LL = 1420 KN
Concrete compressive strength, fc' = 27.5 MPa
Steel yield strenght, fy = 413 MPa
What is the slenderness ratio of the column? Assume that column ends are pinned.

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 A. 16
B. 15
C. 17
D. 14

A 5 m long cantilever beam 300 mm by 400 mm in cross-section carries a total uniformly

distributed load of 26 kN/m. Beam modulus of elasticity is 25 x 103 MPa.
What is the maximum beam deflection at the end?
A. 60.36 mm
B. 50.8 mm
C. 39.7 mm
D. 46.7 mm

A 16 inch diameter wooden boom is 55 cu. ft and the ultimate stress is 6, 000 psi and if the boom
is inclined at an angle of 44o 47'34.2" from the horizontal ground, how much is still available for
direct compression, using a factor of safety of 8?
A. 148.9 kips
B. 1498 lbs
C. 4100 lbs
D. 158.6 kips

A 12 mm thick steel tire, has a width of 110 mm and it has an internal diameter of 800 mm. The
tire is heated and shrunk to a steel wheel 800.5 mm diameter. Modulus of elasticity E =
200GPa. Determine the compressive pressure between the tire and the wheel.
A. 1.25MPa
B. 4.84 MPa
C. 125 MPa
D. 3.75 Mpa

A horizontal prismatic beam 5 m long is supported at the left end and propped at the right end.
The beam carries a uniform load of 100 N/m from the fixed end to the right end at a distance of 3
m. Use EI = 1, 000, 000 N. m2. Which of the following is close or equal to the reaction at the
propped end?
A. 69.3 kN
B. 45.9 kN

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 C. 52.5 kN
D. 71.8 kN

A simply supported beam is reinforced with 4-28 mm Φ at the top of the beam. Steel covering to
centroid of reinforcements is 70 mm at the top and bottom of the beam. The beam has a total
depth of 400 mm and a width of 300 mm. fc' = 300 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. Balanced steel ratio
ρb=0.031.
Determine the the live load at the mid-span in addition to a DL = 20 kN/m including the
weight of the beam if it has a span of 6m.
A. 40.09 kN
B. 50.01 kN
C. 60.11 kN
D. 70.21 kN

A simple supported beam 10 m. long gas an overhang of 2 m at the left support. If a highway
uniform load of 9.35 kN/m and a concentrated load of 116 kN, passes thru the beam, compute
the following based on influence line for maximum shear at mid span. If the concentrated load
will be placed at the end of the overhang, compute the maximum shear at the mid span.
A. 58 kN
B. 32.2 kN
C. 85 kN
D. 23.2 kN

A beam 300 mm wide by 450 mm deep is simple supported on a span o 5 m.

Given
Superimposed uniformly distributed:
Dead Load = 16 kN/m
Live Load = 14 kN/m
fc' = 30 MPa
fy = 415 MPa
Es = 200 GPa
Unit weight of concrete = 23.5 kN/m3
Depth to the centroid of tension reinforcement = 70 mm from the bottom
What is the maximum factored design moment Mu(kN.m)? U = 1.4D + 1.7 L
A. 130 kN.m
B. 148 kN.m
C. 158 kN.m
D. 168 kN.m

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Two plates each with thickness t = 16 mm are bolted together with 6 – 22 mm diameter bolts
forming a lap connection.
Bolt spacing are as follows :
S1 = 40 mm, S2 = 80 mm, S3 = 100 mm
Bolt hole diameter = 25 mm
Allowable stress :
Tensile stress on gross area of the plate = 0.60 Fy
Tensile stress on net area of the plate = 0.50 Fu
Shear stress of the bolt : Fv = 120 MPa
Bearing stress of the bolt : Fp = 1.2 Fu
Calculate the permissible tensile load P under the following conditions. Based on block
shear strength.
A. 273.70 KN
B. 592 KN
C. 1013.76 KN
D. 504 KN

A trial batch for normal weight concrete with an average 28th day compressive strength of 42
MPa is to be proportioned based on the following:
Slump 50 mm to 100 mm
WC ratio by weight 0.41
Sp. gr. of cement 3.15
Sp. gr. of coarse aggregate 2.68
Sp. gr. fine aggregate 2.64
Water (net mixing) 200 kg/m3
Volume of rodded coarse aggregates 0.64 m3/m3
Unit Weight of Sand 15.7 kN / m3
Unit weight of concrete 23.6 kN/m3
How much is the required weight of the dry sand?
A. 6.74 kN
B. 10 kN
C. 6.86 kN
D. 4.78 kN

A metal specimen 36-mm in diameter has a length of 360 mm. A force of 300 kN elongates the
length by 1.20 mm. What is the modulus of elasticity?
A. 88.419 GPa
B. 92.658 GPa

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 C. 95.635 GPa
D. 76.325 GPa

A horizontal prismatic beam 5 m long is supported at the left end and propped at the right end.
The beam carries a uniform load of 100 N/m from the fixed end to the right end at a distance of 3
m. Use EI = 1, 000, 000 N. m2. Which of the following is close or equal to the rotation at the
propped end in radians?
A. 0.00012375
B. 0.0002675
C. 0.00049
D. 0.00034521

During a stress-strain test, the unit deformation at a stress of 35 MPa was observed to
be 167x10−6 mm and at a stress of 140 MPa it was 667x10−6 mm. If the proportional limit was
200 MPa, what is the modulus of elasticity? What is the strain corresponding to the stress of 80
MPa?
A. E=210,000 MPa ϵ=381x10−6 m/m
B. E=211,000 MPa; ϵ=318x10−4 m/m
C. E=220,000 MPa; ϵ=381x10−6 m/m
D. E=210,000 MPa; ϵ=311x10−4 m/m

A trial batch for normal weight concrete with an average 28th day compressive strength of 42
MPa is to be proportioned based on the following:
Slump 50 mm to 100 mm
WC ratio by weight 0.41
Sp. gr. of cement 3.15
Sp. gr. of coarse aggregate 2.68
Sp. gr. fine aggregate 2.64
Water (net mixing) 200 kg/m3
Volume of rodded coarse aggregates 0.64 m3/m3
Unit Weight of Sand 15.7 kN / m3
Unit weight of concrete 23.6 kN/m3
What is the combined weight of cement and water?
A. 6.86 kN
B. 6.74 kN
C. 10 kN
D. 9.44 kN

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W350 mm x 90 kg/m girder 8 m. simple span carries equal concentration dead load P at every
quarter points and uniform dead load, 5kN/m and live load, 7.2 kN/m including dead weight.
Properties:
A=11,500mm2A=11,500mm2
d=350mmd=350mm
bf=250mmbf=250mm
tf=16mmtf=16mm
tw=10mmtw=10mm
Ix=266x106Ix=266x106
Iy=45x106Iy=45x106
Fy=245MPaFy=245MPa
E=200GPaE=200GPa
Determine the additional live load base on deflection, yallow=L/360 for the chamber to offset
for the dead load.
A. 37.8 kN/m
B. 19.8 kN/m
C. 13 kN/m
D. 15 kN/m

A column is built up from 4-300 mm x 16 mm plates, welded to form a box section having a
width of 300 mm along the x-axis and a depth of 332 along the y-axis.
Unbraced column length with respect to x-axis is 12 m.
With respect to the y-axis, the column is braced at third points so that the unbraced length is 4m.
Assume pinned-ends for both axis. Sidesway is prevented.
Steel yield stress: Fy = 248 MPa
Modulus of elasticity = 200 GPa
Compute the effective slenderness ratio with respect to the x-axis.
A. 90.20
B. 92.40
C. 94.20
D. 92.20

A W 600 x 110 beam is supported by a bearing plate 300 mm x 200 mm x 25 mm on a wall with
a thickness of 300 mm.
d = 600 mm
bf=225mmbf=225mm
tf=18mmtf=18mm
tw=12mmtw=12mm
K=36mmK=36mm
fc′=24MPafc′=24MPa
fy=248MPafy=248MPa

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The Allowable bearing stress is 0.35fc', allowable bending stress is 0.75 Fy and allowable web
yielding stress is 0.66 Fy. Determine the maximum reaction at the beam for the following
conditions.
Due to allowable web yielding stress at a distance (N +2.5K)
A. 596.61 kN
B. 596.16 kN
C. 569.16 kN
D. 569.61 kN

Cars A and B approached each other on a straight road from points 1, 500 ft apart. A has an
initial velocity of 45 mph and is decelerating at the rate of 1.4 ft/s2. B has an initial velocity of 12
mph and is accelerating at a rate of 1 ft/s2. When will the car meet and how far will car A have
traveled?
A. A will travel 507 ft at that point they will meet
B. A will travel 1500 ft at that point they will meet
C. A will travel 990 ft at that point they will meet
D. A will travel 993 ft at that point they will meet

A 5 m long cantilever beam 300 mm by 400 mm in cross-section carries a total uniformly

distributed load of 26 kN/m. Beam modulus of elasticity is 25 x 103 MPa.
What is the force (kN) should be applied at the free end of the beam to prevent its deflection?
A. 48.8 kN
B. 56.6 kN
C. 39.9 kN
D. 44.4 kN

W 350 mm x 90 kg/m girder 8 m. simple span carries equal concentration dead load P at every
quarter points and uniform dead load, 5kN/m and live laod, 7.2 kN/m including dead weight.
Properties:
A=11,500mm2A=11,500mm2
d=350mmd=350mm
bf=250mmbf=250mm
tf=16mmtf=16mm
tw=10mmtw=10mm
Ix=266x106Ix=266x106
Iy=45x106Iy=45x106
Fy=245MPaFy=245MPa
E=200GPaE=200GPa

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Determine P based on shear, Fv = 0.40Fy
A. 150.2 kN
B. 198.93 kN
C. 137.8 kN
D. 138.52 kN

From the given truss, it is made up of guijo 100 mm x 1500

mm. It is subjected to a vertical load of 20 kN acting at C.
Allowable stress of wooden section.
Shear parallel to the grain = 1.0 MPa
Shear longitudinal for joints = 1.45 MPa
Compression Parallel to the grain = 11 MPa
Compression perpendicular to the grain = 5 MPa

What is the minimum length of x?

A. 140.55 mm
B. 160 mm
C. 180 mm
D. 150 mm

An 8m high retaining wall is subjected to lateral earth pressure increasing from 0 at the top to
138 kPa at the base. Flexural rigidity EI = 4.5 x 10 14 N.mm2. Analyze per meter length of wall.
When the wall is propped at the top, what is the resulting moment at the base?
A. -589 kN.m
B. -600 kN.m
C. 1472 kN.m
D. -147.2 kN.m

A 5 m long cantilever beam 300 mm by 400 mm in cross-section carries a total uniformly

distributed load of 26 kN/m. Beam modulus of elasticity is 25 x 103 MPa.
What is the force (kN) should be applied at the mid-length of the beam in order to balance its
deflection at the free end?
A. 166 kN
B. 156 kN
C. 146 kN
D. 136 kN

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What is the angle of rotation in degrees at the free end of a 2 m cantilever beam which is
subjected to a moment of 20 kN-m at the free end? Use EI = 1528 kN.m2.
A. 1.50 degrees
B. 2.50 degrees
C. 3.50 degrees
D. 4.50 degrees

The spiral column is to be designed to carry a safe load of 2900 kN.

Concrete compressive strength, fc' = 28 MPa
Steel yield strength
Main reinforcement, fyL = 415 MPa
Clear Concrete Cover = 40 mm
Spiral Reinforcement, fyv= 275 MPa
Capacity reduction factor, ϕ = 0.75
Using a steel ratio ρg = 0.025 relative to the gross concrete area, what should be the
minimum column diameter (mm)?
A. 450
B. 400
C. 410
D. 475

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