Семінар1. лексикологія
Семінар1. лексикологія
Семінар1. лексикологія
1. What does it mean to compare and contrast two objects? Study the meaning
of “contrast” and “similarity”
Compare and contrast are words that are often used to talk about the similarities and
differences between two things or objects. ... According to various dictionaries,
compare means 'to represent things or objects in respect of similarity' and contrast
means 'to represent things in respect of differences. '
For example : comparing means to be as good or as bad as something else : to be on
the same level or in the same category as something else. And an example of contrast
is thunder storms on one end of an island and clear, blue skies on the other end.
Contrast means to compare in order to show differences. ... The definition of
contrast is the difference between two objects, people or places. An example of
contrast is thunder storms on one end of an island and clear, blue skies on the other
end.
The definition of a similarity is a quality or state of having something in common.
When you and your cousin look exactly alike, this is an example of when the
similarity between you two is striking.
"Free morphemes" can stand alone with a specific meaning, for example, eat, date,
weak dress wear phone. Free Morpheme can be a word on its own.
Bound morphemes cannot build up words by themselves. Have no linguistic meaning
unless they are connected to a root or base word, or in some cases, another bound
morpheme. Prefixes and suffixes are two types of bound morphemes. Depending on
how they modify a root word, bound morphemes can be grouped into two categories:
inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes.
Inflectional morphemes in English include -s (or -es); 's (or s'); -ed; -en; -er; -est; and
–ing.
derivational morphemes- affixes
4. Types of Affixes. Its classification.
Affixes are bound morphemes. They can be classified into prefixes and suffixes
in English.
A prefix is an affix added to the beginning of other morphemes to form a word.
Examples: dislike, deactivate, inadequate, immobile, misleading
A suffix is an affix added to the end of other morphemes to form a word.
Examples:
admirable, fruitful, ambitious, enjoyment, eagerness
5. The classification of prefixes.
Prefixation is the formation of words with the help of prefixes. Prefixes are deriva-
tional morphemes affixed before the derivational base. Prefixes modify the lexical
meaning of the base.
Suffixes usually modify the lexical meaning of the base and transfer words to a, dif-
ferent part of speech. There are suffixes however, which do not shift words from one
part of speech into another; a suffix of this kind usually transfers a word into a differ-
ent semantic group, e.g. a concrete noun becomes an abstract one, as is the case with
child — childhood, friend — friendship, etc.
Take the suffix -ist for example, by adding this to a word, you have changed the word
to describe a person who performs or practices something. So, art becomes artist, a
person skilled in a particular art.
Let's look at the verb read. This verb can be turned into a noun by adding the suffix -
er so read becomes reader. Likewise, by adding the suffix -able, the verb read now
becomes the adjective readable.
Form-building suffixes in English and Ukrainian, when added to the root, change
the form of these words. These suffixes may also change the lexical meaning of
the stem, for example: Ann − Anny, duck − duckling, friend – friendship, London
− Londoner, four − fourteen − forty, etc. In Ukrainian: дитина − дитинча, лошак
− лошачок. Харків − харків’янин, плітка − пліточка, швидко − швиденько.