Â - Wikipedia

Â
Â, â (a-circumflex) is a letter of the Inari Sami, Skolt Sami,

Romanian, and Vietnamese alphabets. This letter also appears in
French, Friulian, Frisian, Portuguese, Turkish, Walloon, and
Welsh languages as a variant of letter “a”. Phonetically, â is
traditionally pronounced as ɑ.
Contents
Latin letter A with circumflex
Berber languages
Emilian-Romagnol
Faroese
French
Friulian
Inari Sami
Italian
Persian
Portuguese
Romanian
Russian
Serbo-Croatian
Turkish
Vietnamese
Ukrainian
Welsh
Character mappings
Windows Alt Key Codes
TeX and LaTeX
In encoding mismatches
See also
References
Berber languages
"â" can be used in Berber Latin alphabet to represent [ʕ].
Emilian-Romagnol
Â is used to represent [aː] in Emilian dialects, as in Bolognese câna [kaːna] "cane".
Faroese
Johan Henrik Schrøter, who translated the Gospel of Matthew into Faroese in 1823, used â to denote
a non-syllabic a, as in the following example:
Schrøter 1817 Modern Faroese

Brinhlid situr uj gjiltan Stouli,
Brynhild situr í gyltum stóli,
Teâ hit veâna Vujv,

tað hitt væna vív,
Drevur hoon Sjúra eâv Nordlondun

dregur hon Sjúrða av Norðlondum
Uj Hildarhaj tiil sujn. í Hildarheið til sín.
Â is not used in modern Faroese, however.
French
⟨â⟩, in the French language, is used as the letter ⟨a⟩ with a circumflex accent. It is a remnant of Old
French, where the vowel was followed, with some exceptions, by the consonant ⟨s⟩. For example, the
modern form bâton (English: stick) comes from the Old French baston. Phonetically, ⟨â⟩ is
traditionally pronounced as /ɑ/, but is nowadays rarely distinguished from /a/ in many dialects such
as in Parisian French. However, the traditional ⟨â⟩ is still pronounced this way in Québecois French or
Canadian French, which is known to resemble the phonetics of the Old French accent, and is widely
spoken by French Canadians, the majority of whom live in the province of Québec.
In Maghreb French, ⟨â⟩ is used to transcribe the Arabic consonant ⟨‫ ⟩ع‬/ʕ/, whose pronunciation is
close to a non-syllabic [ɑ̯ ].
Friulian
Â is used to represent the /ɑː/ sound.
Inari Sami
Â is used to represent the /ɐ/ sound.
Italian
Â occasionally used to represent the sound /aː/ in words like amârono (they loved).
Persian
Â is used in the romanization of Persian to represent the sound /ɒ/.
Portuguese
In Portuguese, â is used to mark a stressed /ɐ/ in words whose stressed syllable is nasal and in an
unpredictable location within the word, as in "lâmina" (blade) and "âmbar" (amber). Where the
location of the stressed syllable is predictable, such as in "ando" (I walk), the circumflex accent is not
used. Â /ɐ/ contrasts with á, pronounced /a/.
Romanian
Â is the 3rd letter of the Romanian alphabet and represents /ɨ/, which is also represented in
Romanian as letter î. The difference between the two is that â is used in the middle of the word, as in
"România", while î is used at the beginning and at the ends: "înțelegere" (understanding), "a urî" (to
hate). A compound word starting with the letter î will retain it, even if it goes in the middle of the
word: "neînțelegere" (misunderstanding). However, if a suffix is added, the î changes into â, as in the
example: "a urî" (to hate), "urât" (hated).
Russian
Â is used in the ISO 9:1995 system of Russian transliteration as the letter Я.
Serbo-Croatian
In all standard varieties of Serbo-Croatian, "â" is not a letter but simply an "a" with the circumflex
that denotes vowel length. It is used only occasionally and then disambiguates homographs, which
differ only by syllable length. That is most common in the plural genitive case and so it is also called
"genitive sign": "Ja sam sâm" (English: I am alone).
Turkish
Â is used to indicate the consonant before "a" is palatalized, as in "kâr" (profit). It is also used to
indicate /aː/ in words for which the long vowel changes the meaning, as in "adet" (pieces) and "âdet"
(tradition) / "hala" (aunt) and "hâlâ" (still).
Vietnamese
Â is the 3rd letter of the Vietnamese alphabet and represents /ɜ/. â /ɜ/ is a higher vowel than plain a
/ɑ/. In Vietnamese phonology, diacritics can be added to form five forms to represent five tones of â:
Ầầ
Ẩẩ
Ẫẫ
Ấấ
Ậậ
Ukrainian
Much like in Russian, Â is used in the ISO 9:1995 system of Ukrainian transliteration as the letter Я.
Welsh
In Welsh, â is used to represent long stressed a [aː] when, without the circumflex, the vowel would be
pronounced as short [a], e.g., âr [aːr] "arable", as opposed to ar [ar] "on", or gwâr [ɡwaːr] "civilised,
humane", rather than gwar [ɡwar] "nape of the neck". It is often found in final syllables in which the
letters occur twice a and combine to produce a long stressed vowel. That commonly happens when a
verb stem ending in stressed a combines with the nominalising suffix -ad, as in caniata- + -ad giving
caniatâd [kanjaˈtaːd] "permission", and also when a singular noun ending in a receives the plural
suffix -au, as in drama + -au becoming dramâu [draˈmaɨ, draˈmai] "dramas, plays". It is also useful
in writing borrowed words with final stress, e.g. brigâd [brɪˈɡaːd] "brigade".
A circumflex is also used in the word â, which is both a preposition, meaning "with, by means of, as",
and the third person non-past singular of the verbal noun mynd "go". That distinguishes it in writing
from the similarly pronounced a, meaning "and; whether; who, which, that".
Character mappings
Character information
Preview Â â
Unicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX
Encodings decimal hex decimal hex

Unicode 194 U+00C2 226 U+00E2
UTF-8 195 130 C3 82 195 162 C3 A2
Numeric character reference Â Â â â
Named character reference Â â
ISO 8859-1/2/3/4/9/10/14/15/16 194 C2 226 E2
EBCDIC 98 62 66 42
Windows Alt Key Codes

â=Alt+0226, Alt+131 Â=0194
Â Alt + 0194
â Alt + 0226
Alt
Alt
[1]
TeX and LaTeX

Â and â are obtained by the commands \^A and \^a.
In encoding mismatches
The capital Â is sometimes seen on webpages when the page has been saved in an encoding different
from that used to view it. The most common text encoding standard is Unicode, which encodes, for
example, the copyright symbol © with the hexadecimal bytes C2 A9. In the older ANSI and ISO 8859-
1 encoding standards, however, the © symbol is simply A9. If a browser is given the bytes C2 A9,
intended to display © per the Unicode standard, but is led to parse the bytes according to one of these
older standards, it will interpret the bytes C2 A9 as two separate characters. C2 corresponds to Â, as
seen in the chart above, and A9 devolves to the © symbol, so the result seen by the person reading the
page is Â©—that is, the correct © symbol but with an Â prepended. A number of characters—the
characters in the Latin-1 supplement—have Unicode encodings that are equal to their ANSI encodings
but preceded by the byte C2, so that when any of these characters is viewed in the incorrect encoding,
an Â will appear before it.[2]
See also
Circumflex
References
1. Pyatt, Elizabeth J. "Windows Alt Key Codes"
(http://symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu/accents/codealt.html). symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu. Retrieved
2016-11-04.
2. "firefox - Special character 'Â' inserted before copyright symbol" (https://stackoverflow.com/questio
ns/42966981/special-character-%c3%82-inserted-before-copyright-symbol). Stack Overflow.
Retrieved 2020-02-25.
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Â

Â, â (a-circumflex) is a letter of the Inari Sami, Skolt Sami,

Schrøter 1817 Modern Faroese

Teâ hit veâna Vujv,

Drevur hoon Sjúra eâv Nordlondun

Uj Hildarhaj tiil sujn. í Hildarheið til sín.

Â is not used in modern Faroese, however.

Encodings decimal hex decimal hex

Windows Alt Key Codes

TeX and LaTeX

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Â&oldid=1053750714"

This page was last edited on 5 November 2021, at 20:11 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;

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