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    Module 7 - Metabolism of Proteins

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    Angel Delgallego
    The document summarizes the digestion and absorption of proteins in the human body. It describes how proteins are broken down through mechanical and chemical processes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. In the stomach, gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin initiate the breakdown of proteins into smaller fragments. In the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin further break the protein fragments into dipeptides and free amino acids. These amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body to build new proteins.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Module 7 - Metabolism of Proteins

    Uploaded by

    Angel Delgallego
    51 views12 pages
    The document summarizes the digestion and absorption of proteins in the human body. It describes how proteins are broken down through mechanical and chemical processes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. In the stomach, gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin initiate the breakdown of proteins into smaller fragments. In the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin further break the protein fragments into dipeptides and free amino acids. These amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body to build new proteins.

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    biochem

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    The document summarizes the digestion and absorption of proteins in the human body. It describes how proteins are broken down through mechanical and chemical processes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. In the stomach, gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin initiate the breakdown of proteins into smaller fragments. In the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin further break the protein fragments into dipeptides and free amino acids. These amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body to build new proteins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views12 pages

    Module 7 - Metabolism of Proteins

    Uploaded by

    Angel Delgallego
    The document summarizes the digestion and absorption of proteins in the human body. It describes how proteins are broken down through mechanical and chemical processes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. In the stomach, gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin initiate the breakdown of proteins into smaller fragments. In the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin further break the protein fragments into dipeptides and free amino acids. These amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body to build new proteins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    METABOLISM OF PROTEINS

    John Patrick DT. Ramos


    Marion Zandra U. Aquino

    pharmaceutical biochemistry
    laboratory
    CEU
    SOP
    DIGESTION OF PROTEINS

    CEU
    SOP
    PROTEIN DIGESTION
    • the body’s digestive system
    breaks down the protein
    (denatured or not) into the
    individual amino acids

    • amino acids are absorbed and


    used by cells to build other
    proteins and other
    macromolecules, such as DNA

    CEU
    SOP
    PROTEIN DIGESTION
    • eggs are a good dietary source
    of protein and will be used as
    our example to describe the
    path of proteins in the
    processes of digestion and
    absorption

    • one egg, whether raw, hard-


    boiled, scrambled, or fried,
    supplies about 6 g of protein
    CEU
    SOP
    PROCESSES

    CEU
    SOP
    FROM MOUTH TO STOMACH
    • The first step in egg digestion (or any other protein food) involves
    chewing.
    • The teeth begins the mechanical breakdown of the large egg pieces into
    smaller pieces that can be swallowed.
    • The salivary glands provide some saliva to aid swallowing and the
    passage of the partially mashed egg through the esophagus.
    • The salivary amylase does not act on protein digestion because it do not have
    the required 3D shape to catalyze the breakdown of proteins.
    • The mashed egg pieces enter the stomach through the esophageal
    sphincter.
    CEU
    SOP
    FROM STOMACH TO SMALL INTESTINE
    • stomach releases gastric juices containing HCl which activates
    pepsinogen into pepsin, which initiate the breakdown of the protein
    • the acidity of the stomach facilitates the unfolding of the proteins
    • pepsin dismantles the protein chains into smaller and smaller fragments

    Protein digestion requires the chemical


    actions of gastric juice and the
    mechanical actions of the stomach.
    CEU
    SOP
    FROM STOMACH TO SMALL INTESTINES
    • The high pH of the small intestine inhibits the action of pepsin.
    • Pancreas releases 3 enzymes (chymotrypsinogen , trypsinogen, and
    procarboxypeptidase).
    • These enzymes are activated by enteropeptidase (releaased by the small
    intestine).
    • Enteropeptidase activates trypsinogen into trypsin. Trypsin activates other
    trypsinogen into trypsin, chymotrypsin into chymotrypsin and
    procarboxxypeptidase into carboxypeptidase.
    • Trypsin and chymotrypsin act on bonds between specific amino acids within the
    partially digested protein which causes breakdown into smaller fragments.
    • Carboxypeptidase can only acts on a specific end of a fragment breaking the
    bond and releasing one amino acid at a time .
    CEU
    SOP
    FROM STOMACH TO SMALL INTESTINES
    • The microvilli that line the small intestine release additional enzymes
    (aminopeptidase and dipeptidase) that break the smaller protein fragments into
    the individual amino acids.
    • The free amino acids are absorbed into the intra site cells through membrane
    transporters within the membranes of the cells.
    • Some di and tri peptides are absorbed into the intra site cells through specific
    membrane transporters, where they are broken down into free amino acids.
    • Then the free amino acids are transported out of the cell into the blood and
    transported into the liver.

    CEU
    SOP
    PROTEIN ABSORPTION
    • Once the amino acids are in the blood, they are transported to the liver
    by the hepatic portal vein (enterohepatic circulation). The free amino
    acids are:
    • Taken up by liver cells
    • Used by cells throughout the body
    • Converted to glucose
    • Used for cellular respiration

    CEU
    SOP
    EXPERIMENT
    Refer to the video in canvas for the procedure
    and result

    CEU
    SOP
    METABOLISM OF PROTEINS
    END OF DISCUSSION
    John Patrick DT. Ramos
    Marion Zandra U. Aquino

    pharmaceutical biochemistry
    laboratory
    CEU
    SOP

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