IRC International Seminar- Construction and Rehabilitation of Rigid

Pavement-Current Practice and Way Forward, 18-19 January, 2019,

New Delhi

Short Paneled Concrete Pavements

(SPCP) for High Volume Roads

Prof. M. Amaranatha Reddy

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
manreddy@iitkgp.ac.in

18.01.2019
Sponsored Research project
• Laboratory and Field investigations of Paneled
Cement Concrete Pavements for Highways

Sponsored by
National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
Government of India,
New Delhi (2016-2019)
Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement
(JPCP)
• Salient Features
Design as per IRC:58-2015
• Slab size: 3.5 x 4.5 m
• Thickness: 250 to 280 mm
( with & without tied shoulder)
• Dowel bars at Contraction &
Construction joints
• Possibility of longitudinal
cracks if slab width more than
3.5 m
 Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP)

Longitudinal Cracking

Shattering
Corner Cracking
Joint Faulting

Distress x Performance
3.5 m
Transverse Cracking

4.5 m

Slab Slide: Joint Open up, NH-33

Cracks

Loss of Support
Blow up (Courtesy: Pavementinteractive.org) Mud Pumping
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Will there be any alternative for
JPCP?
Slab size: 3.5 x 4.5 m, Thickness: 250 to 280 mm
No design guidelines for wider slabs

Short Paneled Concrete Pavements (SPCP)

• Reduced thickness ( 20 to 25%)
• Less chance of wild cracking
• Easy to handle ( Panel replacement)
• No Dowel bars at contraction joints
 Motive for Short Paneled Concrete Pavements
Study on Significant findings Author(s)
Faulting of Short Slab Concrete • Drainage of Base Layer C. J. Arnold,
Pavements • RI: Short Slabs >Long Slabs 1973,
• Joint faulting (3/16in., 3% in 5yr.) Mich.state.co.
Experimental Short Slab M. A. Chiunti,
• Less quantity of the material
Pavements: Construction Report 1976,
• RI i) GB >ii) ATPM> iii) BB
Mich.state.co.
Structural evaluation of rigid Long &
• LTE: Short spacing joints (3.4, 2.4, 2.1,
pavement sections Shatnawi,
and 1.5 m) > Conventional spacing joints
2000,
(5.8, 5.5, 4.0, and 3.7 m)
RMPD
Performance of concrete • Adequate lateral drainage ( 6% fines Cervantes &
pavements with optimized slab passing) Roesler,
geometry • The granular base with minimum CBR 2009,
of 80%, Univ.of Illinois
Accelerated performance testing • Corner > Longitudinal Cracking Roesler et al,
of concrete pavement with short • Higher deflections 2012
slabs • Design GB, & GSB for lateral drainage Int.J.Pav.Engg
1/24/2019
system
K Sridhar Reddy
6
Ph.D. Registration Seminar
 Motive for Short Paneled Concrete Pavements
Study on Significant findings Author(s)
Stress analysis of small concrete • Higher the slab size: Longitudinal, Chou,
slabs on grade Transverse, & Wild cracking 1984,
• Lesser the slab size: Lesser the J. Trans. Engg
Temperature related distresses

Layer Layer 1
Layer 2
Bed of springs
Layer 3
Westergaard, 1926
Layer 4

Elastic Layer System

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SPCP on DLC base: New Construction
 Concept of SPCP

1.0 m 1.0 m 1.0 m 4.5 m

Short Paneled Concrete Pavement (SPCP) Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP)

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 Optimization of Geometry
Type of Thickness of Elastic Modulus, Poisson
Layer Layer, mm MPa ratio
PQC 50 to 300 30,000 0.15
DLC 150 4,000 0.25
GSB 150 1,000 0.25
Subgrade 500 70 0.35

Flexural Stresses in PQC

1.20
0.5 x 0.5 Sq.m 1.0 x 1.0 Sq.m
1.5 x 1.5 Sq.m 2.0 x 2.0 Sq.m
1.00 2.5 x 2.5 Sq.m

Fle xural stresses, M Pa

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Thickness of PQC, mm

layer Thicknesses: 180 mm( 1 x 1 m), 200 mm ( 1.5 x 1.5 m) & 220 mm ( 2 x2m)
10
1/24/2019
 SPCP: Anticipated Critical Load Positions
Longitudinal JointJoint
Longitudinal

Dual Tire Imprints Longitudinal

Transverse Joint cracking

Transverse Joint

Dual Tire Imprints

Corner Longitudinal Joint
cracking

Dual Tire Imprints Transverse

Transverse Joint cracking

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 Specific Objectives
 Development of analytical framework for determination of
stresses in SPCP
 Optimization the geometry of SPCP.
 Evaluation of flexural fatigue of paving grade quality concrete.
 Construction of SPCP test sections -Two Types (i) Subgrade,
CTGSB, DLC , SPCP (ii) DBM, SPCoP
 Periodical performance of SPCP :
Functional: (i) Roughness and (ii) Monitoring of crack
development
Structural: (i) load distribution and (ii) load transfer across
joints.
 To validate analytical results with field investigations on SPCP.
 To develop design guidelines for SPCP.

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 SPCP: Proposed Design Approach

Analysis Output
Input • Trial Thickness
• CVPD • Flexural stress
• Axle Load Spectrum (Longitudinal cracking, Optimized thickness
• Temperature gradient Transverse cracking, for design life of
• No. of lanes Corner cracking) pavement &
• Shoulder case (Tied/No • Stress Ratio Construction Practice
Tied) • Allowable load of SPCP*
• Wheel wandering repetitions
• Selection of slab size • Fatigue Damage
• Cumulative Fatigue
Damage (CFD)
• Combined CFD<1

* Use of fiber, requirement of dowel & tie bar, separation membrane, sealer joint
cutting etc

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SPCP- New Construction
• Subgrade, CTSB, DLC and SPCP
• SPCP: different sizes – 1 x 1 m, 1.5 x 1.5 m , 2 x 2 m
• SPCP: Thickness : 180, 200, 220 mm
• Bonding condition: Bonded & unbounded
• Sealing of Joints: Sealant and No sealant
• No dowel at contraction joints ( only at
Construction joints)
Construction of SPCP test sections
(i) Subgrade, CTGSB, DLC , SPCP
(NH33)
SPCP- Traffic Movement
Cement Concrete Overlay on Existing Bituminous
pavement-SPCoP -Short Panelled Concrete overlay Pavements (SPCoP)
Economical & Eco-friendly PQC 180-220 mm

Bituminous layer 150 mm Bituminous layer 150 mm

PQC 250 – 280 mm

Granular base 250 mm Granular base 250 mm

DLC 150 mm

Granular sub base 200 mm Granular sub base 200 mm

Granular sub base 150 mm

Subgrade 500 mm Subgrade 500 mm Subgrade 500 mm

 Concept of SPCoP
Behavior is like semi rigid

As the foundation is flexible and

overlay is small paneled rigid

low load transfer efficiency

High load transfer efficiency

No dowel bars needed as the

crack width is just 1/4th compared
to conventional rigid pavement

Not to scale
 Aggregate interlocking in
Horizontal and vertical directions
Stress distribution in bonded and un-bonded sections

Neutral Neutral
Axis Axis

Un-bonded overlay Bonded overlay

Cores taken -SPCoP
Details of IIT Kharagpur’s test section on NH-33
Field samples for laboratory testing
Structural evaluation using FWD
Tandem axle on 2 m X 2 m panel

FWD testing in progress

Conclusions
Performance evaluation: 3 years

•Short Panelled Concrete Pavements (SPCP) for High

Volume Roads- New Construction

•Short Panelled Concrete Overlay Pavements (SPCP)

for High Volume Roads – Existing bituminous
pavements

•Recommendations for implementation

Acknowledgement

•Prof ( Late), B.B. Pandey for inspiration and motivation

•Chairman, NHAI, Govt of India

•Shri RK Pandey, Member( Project ) , NHAI and his team-NHAI

•Project Director, PIU, NHAI Jamshedpur & Durgapur

•DilipBuildCon and ILFS- Contractors for Executing the work

THANKS