HEAS Midterm SLO’s

Topic 1.1: Introduction to Client Health Assessment

1. Identify the purpose of assessment.
o Assessment is making assumptions. When you see it, you attach it to
something you already know. It is a piece of information that gives you
solution to the problem.
o Purpose is making judgements in order to complete a data base of a client.
2. Differentiate between subjective and objective data.
o Subjective is what the pt tells you. Ex: pain. Objective data is the findings
or facts. It is to gather data during the physical examination to make a
nursing diagnosis. Objective data validates your subjective findings.
Subjective data is not enough to come to a conclusion.
3. Describe the importance of using evidence-informed practices in assessment.
o The importance of evidence-informed practice is to provide the most
effective care that is available with the aim of improving pt’s outcome
4. Describe the four types of databases:
o Complete (Total Health)
-Complete health history & full physical exam
- The comprehensive nursing assessment is conducted when a pt first enters care
-Establishes a baseline. The comprehensive assessment includes gathering the
clients biographical information, history of present concern, his past health
history, his family history, details of his lifestyle and health practices and his
developmental level
-Family physician (primary care) or an admission to acute care hospital
o Episodic or Problem-Centered
-Focused assessment
-Short term problem
-After the complete database has been established
-One problem, one body system
-Use focused assessment after the comprehensive data base has been
established and the nurse is assessing the client in relation to a specific
problem
o Follow-Up
-Used every time the nurse interacts with the client
-Re-evaluation of care: What changed? Is it better/worse?
-Does not need to complete a full assessment again
o Emergency 
-Rapid assessment usually occurs during life saving measures.
 -Focus on ABCV = Airway, breathing, circulation, vitals) (CAB =
Circulation, Airway, Breathing)
5. Explain what is meant by priority setting in health assessment and identify and
explain the steps to setting priorities 
o First level: Emergencies ABCV
o Second level: Mental status change, acute pain, abnormal lab values. Can the
pt deal with pain?
o Third level: Not already addressed. Family issues, knowledge deficit
o Collaborative
-It’s about who health care providers should prioritize first in the hospital.
Ex: First level: pt in the emergency with difficulty breathing. Second level:
Wounds, and if the pt can deal with the pain. Third level: poor health
literacy. Collaborative: health providers working together with pt that
involves engaging any health provider whose expertise can help improve the
pt’s health

Topic 1.2: Health history assessment

Describe the purpose of a health interview.
 The purpose is to collect subjective data, develop rapport and trust,
identify client’s strengths and problems, provide a bridge to the physical
assessment and to identify health teaching opportunities.
Identify variations in communication techniques required for the health history.
 Verbal: questions to the pt, the words you speak, the tone of voice
 Non-verbal: Body language, posture, facial expressions, eye contact,
foot tapping and what you do with your hands
 Unconditional positive regard: Optimistic view of people and
assumption of their strengths. An atmosphere of caring is necessary as
well as respect for the person
 Empathy: Viewing the person from their side without criticism. You must
be aware of your own feelings
 Active listening: Requires your undivided attention to the pt. Let the pt
talk.
 Open & Closed ended questions: Ask for specific information. Pt
should elicit a “yes” or “no” answer
Include cultural and social considerations during the collection of subjective and
objective data for the health history.
 It is important to understand a client’s culture and social supports as well
as how your beliefs as the nurse relate to your interactions with others.
Nurse needs to understand both sides to accurately assess the client and
promote their health. This enables the nurse to build trust, actively listen
 to the client’s perspective, and respect their differences. Bio data, social
supports, environment, family hierarchy, education level, economic and
employment level, access to health care.
 Examples of what to consider:
-Who is the person I am meeting for the first time?
-Where did he/she come from?
-What is their background?
-How do my social, cultural and professional backgrounds shape
my ability to relate to, & my assumptions about, the various
people I encounter in my practice?
Identify the differences in conducting a heath interview associated with aging and
ethnicity.
 The pace of assessing an older adult may need to be slower. Nurses
should not mistake diminished vision or hearing for confusion. Later
years can contain more life stresses. If doing a health interview on
someone with a different ethnicity, there might be language barriers, and
would most likely have different types of how they show their emotions.
Ex: their tone of voice might seem intimidating, but they’re not trying to
intimidate you.
Identify the components of subjective data in a complete health history. Conduct a
health history interview and complete a health history.
 Components of subjective data in a complete history
o Health History: Biographical data which includes: Name,
contact info, age, DOB, gender, ethnic background, educational
level, occupation, support system
o Past health history: This goes back to the clients birth up to
present. Childhood illness? Accidents/injuries? Chronic illness?
Hospitalization/operations? Immunization? Last exam (doctor,
dentist, eyes), Obstetrical history? Allergies? Medications?
Examine the methods used to validate subjective and objective data and guidelines for
documentation
 Use critical thinking skills.
 Do ROS (Review of Systems): Start with broad general questions,
validate their response with more specific questions. Assess for
abnormalities and focus functional and objective assessments
Examine the SBAR technique as a means to report physical assessment and health
history findings.
o SBAR is also a type of efficient team communication
o S: Situation- Your name and service, resident/client name and
location, describe the event of concern, when did it start?
o B: background- Resident/client diagnoses and history,
medications received or changes.
 o A: Assessment- Subjective responses by resident. Objective
info: VS. Any changes in resident/client status
o R: Recommendation- Your actions, what are you requesting?
Topic 1.3: Functional Assessment of the older adult
1. Describe the purpose of a functional assessment. Differentiate between
activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living and advanced
activities of daily living for the older adult.
o The purpose of a functional assessment so health care providers would
know the person’s ability to perform activities in order to function in
everyday life. It also incorporates a persons’ physiological and
psychological status and their physical and social environment
o Ex: ADL’s (Activities of daily living)/IADL’s
o How does their health/disease affect their overall quality of life?
-Self-concept/self-esteem, activity & mobility, sleep & rest,
nutrition & elimination, interpersonal relationships, spiritual, coping
& stress, smoking, alcohol, substance use, environment.
o Other factors to contribute:
-Delirium: abrupt change in brain that causes mental confusion
and emotional disruption
-Dementia, depression, caregiver assessment and burnout, elder
abuse
2. Describe various functional assessments that may be utilized with the older
adult to assess and recognize chronic disease as well as multi-system health
issues utilizing the following tools:
o Confusion assessment method (CAM)
o Dementia assessment
o Functional assessment
o Resident assessment instrument (InterRAI; RAI-MDS 2.0)
o Schmid Fall Risk Assessment
3. Demonstrate knowledge and ability to assess, recognize, and report elder abuse
and neglect.

Topic 1.4: Introduction to physical assessment

1. Describe the purpose of objective data in a physical assessment.
o To gather data during the physical examination to make a nursing
diagnosis.
2. Identify the value of collecting subjective data during a physical assessment.
o It reinforces your objective findings.
3. Identify how to take social, ethnic, and cultural issues into consideration when
performing a client-focused physical assessment.
 o How can culture impact the collection of assessment data?
o How can you minimize the challenges for a client with language barriers
and reluctance to allow a physical assessment?
4. Identify adaptations to collection of subjective and objective data in the
assessment of the older adult.
5. Identify preparation required for conducting a physical assessment.
6. Identify examination techniques used during the physical assessment.
7. Examine the methods used to validate subjective and objective data from a
physical assessment and guidelines for documentation.

Unit 2: General Survey, Vital Signs, and Pain Assessment

1. Describe the purpose of the general survey assessment.
o The study of the whole person
o Includes general health state, any obvious physical characteristics
o The purpose of the general survey assessment is to see any
abnormalities in a person’s appearance, gait, behavior, and body
structure
2. Describe the subjective and objective components of the general survey health
assessment.
o Physical appearance
-Age, sex, LOC, skin color, facial features
o Body structure
-Stature, nutrition, symmetry, posture, position, body build/contour
o Mobility
-Gait, range of motion
o Behavior
-Facial expressions, eye contact, mood/affect, speech, dress,
personal hygiene
3. Identify normal and abnormal general survey findings.
o Physical appearance: Do they look their stated age? Is their sexual
development appropriate for gender & age? Are they alert and oriented?
Answering questions appropriately?
o Body structure: Is their height within normal range for age? Weight within
normal range? Body parts equal? Are they standing erect? Slouched?
Sitting/standing comfortably, body build and contour is normal
proportions, arm span: fingertips to fingertips, head to pubis =pubis to
feet
 o Mobility: Gait- shoulder width, foot placement, smooth, even walk. ROM-
Full mobility each joint, deliberate, accurate, coordinated movements
(Parkinson’s or MS, hemiplegia, cerebellar ataxia, foot drop, sensory
ataxia)

4. BMI=

Cm  inches =
Kg  lbs. =
Waist circumference: if waist circumference is over an accepted norm, it can be a
indication of potential health risk. Client is at a higher risk of diseases such as heart
disease
-Women over 35 inches
-Men over 40 inches*****

5. Describe the purpose of the vital signs assessment, including pain.

o To provide valuable info on the level of wellness of a person at a specific
moment in time. Can change quickly so depending on the clients
condition nurses may need to take the VS more often
6. Describe the subjective and objective components of a vital sign and pain
assessment. Identify equipment needed to complete a vital signs assessment.
Identify normal and abnormal vital signs assessment findings, including pain.
o Temperature
-Oral temperature: sublingual has a rich blood supply that
responds to inner core temperature. Ex: Electronic thermometer,
tempadots (1 min).
-Axillary temperature: under the arm for infants and children. Not
accurate in adults
-Rectal: to be used only when other routes are not practical
-Tympanic: shares same blood supply that perfuses the
hypothalamus so is therefore an accurate measure of core temp.
o Pulse: Heart beats and forces blood out of the ventricles, it causes the
arteries to widen and a pressure wave results causing what is known as
the pulse. Consider rhythm, force, speed. Normal range: 60-100 beat/min
o Respirations: Number of combined full breaths in one minute. Consider
the rate, rhythm, depth. Normal range: 12-20 breaths/min
o Blood pressure: Uses sphygmomanometer and stethoscope Determines
the current state of the heart and peripheral vascular system. Should be
 2.5 cm above the brachial artery. Normal range: systolic: 90-120,
diastolic: 60-80.
o Oxygen saturation: Uses pulse oximetry. Assess the arterial O2
saturation. Normal range: 95-100%
o Pain: OPQRSTUV
7. Identify various pain assessment tools.
o OPQRSTUV, universal pain assessment tool, facial expressions.

Topic 3: Skin, hair and nails (Integumentary) assessment

1. Describe the subjective and objective components of an integumentary
assessment.
o Subjective: present concern, review of system, past history, family
history, medications & allergies, lifestyle and health practices
o Objective data: inspection, palpation
2. Describe differences in integumentary assessment findings associated with
aging and ethnicity.
o Aging: wrinkles & sagging, decreased subcutaneous fat, thinner skin,
pale or translucent, liver spots, less hair growth and distribution, hair
loses pigmentation, nails become thicker, brittle, and may be more yellow
o Ethnic skin variation: African, Indian, or aboriginal descent have lower
skin cancer risk because they have more melanocytes/melanin
3. Examine the methods used to collect integument assessment data.
o Subjective questions
o Objective data
-Palpation: skin temperature, lesions for tenderness, texture of
skin, skin turgor, nails for roughness or smoothness, capillary refill
of all nails
-Inspection and palpation for edema. Good place to check =
ankles, feet because it’s the most distal location from heart:
Normally not present, if it is present, is it pitting or non-pitting? If
pitting, what grade is it?
-1+ mild pitting, 2+ moderate pitting, 3+ deep pitting, 4+ very deep
pitting
4. Describe the Braden Scale as an integumentary assessment tool. 
o Braden scale is a tool used to know if a pt is at risk for skin impairment.
The lower the score, the higher the risk of skin impairment.
o It consists of sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition,
and friction and shear
Pallor: whiteness- less blood flow to the surface of the skin
Erythema: redness- more perfusion in the skin
Cyanosis: blueness- decrease of O2
Jaundice: yellowness- liver disease is often suspected if the clients shows signs of
jaundice
Psoriasis: skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells
Pruritus: severe itching of the skin
Excoriation: self-inflicted, superficial, scratches from itching
Scar: fibrotic healing tissue that replaces normal tissue
Contusion: Caused by trauma resulting in bleeding into tissue, deeper than
ecchymosis
Hematoma: Palpable bruise, swelling that is elevated
Petechiae: Pin point clusters of bleeding from capillary ruptures
Ecchymosis: Bruise caused by bleeding into the skin
Papule: can be felt, caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis. Ex: mole or wart
Pustule: pus in cavity, elevated. Ex: acne
Nodule: Solid, elevated, hard or soft. May extend deeper than a papule. Ex: fibroma
Vesicle: Elevated, filled with fluid. Ex: blisters, chicken pox
Keratoses: thickened, raised areas of pigmentation. Ex: crusted, scaly
Macule: solely a color change. Eg: mole

Topic 4.1: Head, Face, Neck & Lymph node assessment

1. Describe the purpose of a head, face, neck, and lymph assessment.
o To determine the current state of health and function of the head and
neck and face and the lymphatics
o Lymph node assessment’s purpose is to retrieve excess fluid from
tissues via lymphatic capillaries and return it to the bloodstream
2. Describe the subjective and objective components of a head, face, neck, and
lymph assessment.
o Subjective assessment
-Review of system
-Medication, allergies, family history, lifestyle and health practices
o Objective assessment
-Inspection on head, face, neck
-Palpation on head and face, and neck
o Inspection & palpation
o Lymph nodes- any swelling, tenderness, mobility
3. Identify normal and abnormal head, face, neck, and lymph assessment findings.
 4. Describe differences in the head, face, neck, and lymph assessment findings
associated with aging and ethnicity.
o Aging: decreased mobility, loss of teeth and receding gums, wrinkles,
less adipose tissue, decreased taste, salivation, smell

Topic 4.3: Ear Assessment

1. Describe the purpose of an ear assessment.
o Hearing, balance, physical appearance of the ear, any discharge coming
out, placement of the ear
Otalgia: earache or pain ***
Tinnitus: ringing in ears ***
Otitis media: ear infection ***
Otorrhea: ear discharge ***
Sclerosis: Stiffening and hardening up of structures
Presbycusis: gradual sensorineural loss – starts to go deaf
Otosclerosis: common cause of conductive hearing loss between ages 20-40

Topic 4.4: Eye assessment

Topic 4.5: Nose and mouth

Topic 5: Neurological assessment

 Identify what should be documented from a subjective and objective neurological
assessment including the Glasgow coma scale.
o Assessment categories
 LOC
 Pupil size & reaction
 Motor strength
o GCS score categories
 Eye opening
 Verbal response
  Motor response
 Inspection of the LOC
o The purpose of assessing LOC is to assess wakefulness. Call their
name. If they don’t respond increase your voice level
o If the auditory fails, use tactile touch while calling their name
o If both auditory and tactile don’t work, elicit a pain response by putting
pressure on the nailbed
 Inspect pupil size & reaction
o Use the gauge for size on the GCS record and note if the reaction is brisk
(normal), sluggish, or fixed
 Motor strength
o Assess upper extremity and lower extremity strength bilaterally. Strong,
moderate, weak, absent
 Eye response
o Assign score from 1-4 based on eye opening from LOC assessment
(spontaneously, to speech, to pain, none)
 Verbal response
o Assign score from 1-5 based on LOC assessment (oriented x4,
confused, inappropriate, incomprehensible, none)
 Motor response
o Assign score from 1-6 based on motor strength assessment (obeys
commands, localizes pain, flexion withdrawal, flexion abnormal,
extension, none)
***If pt has a score less than 8, they are pretty much unresponsive***

Terminology – prefixes  Emia/emic-blood condition

 a / an – absent  Esis – action, condition, state of
 Ab – away from  Esthesia – nerve sensation
 Ad -towards  Kinesis – movement
 Circum – around  Lexia – word/phrase
 Contra – against  Lysis/lytic – destruction/breakdown
 Dors – back  Megally – enlargement
 Dys -difficult/abnormal  Opia – vision
 En – within/in  Paresis - weakness
 Ex / exo – outside  Plegia/plegic - paralysis
 Graph – writing
 Para – abnormal/impaired
 Stere/stero – 3 dimensional
 Acoust – hearing
 Anthro -joint ***
 Arthria – speech articulation Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing
 Cephal -head Aphasia: inability to speak
 Cranio – skull Alexia: inability to see words or
 Enceph -brain read
 Cochle -inner ear Ataxia: Lack of voluntary muscle
HEAS EXAM QUESTIONS:
1. Information considered objective and subjective?
Subjective: what the pt tells you
Objective: your findings during the physical examination

2. Clients culture provides insight for what information?

Who the person is? Where did they come from? What is their background? How do my social,
cultural & professional background shape my ability to relate to and my assumptions about, the
various people I encounter in my practice?

3. Difference between health history interview and a social conversation?

Health interview: nurse asks for current, past health
Social conversation: Talks about general things.

4. What is the best method to determine meds, condition, allergies, age?

Subjective: Ask the pt

5. What things would you require for the following assessment techniques? Inspection,
palpation, percussion, auscultation.
Inspection = eyes
Palpate = touch
Auscultate =listen using stethoscope
Percussion = tapping body parts with fingers, hands as part of a physical examination

6. GSC score meaning?

7. What are the components to consider when taking a bp/kortokoff sound, baseline? What is
the kortoff sound? Normal size of cuff/all aspects of taking bp?
 8. How do you validate pain?
Through objective data

9. Types of sounds you hear with the bell of the stethoscope?

Diaphragm is best for higher pitched sounds like breath and normal heart sounds. The bell is best
for detective lower pitch sounds like some heart murmurs, and some bowel sounds.
10. What test would you check for a pt’s iron status?
Hemoglobin, iron deficiency= anemia

11. Assessing cranial nerves and what are they?

1. Olfactory – sensory - smell
2. Optic – sensory – visual acuity. Near/fat/peripheral vision
3. Oculomotor – motor – movement of eye up, down. PERRLA. Cardinal field test
4. Trochlear – motor – movement of eye, convergence.
5. Trigeminal -both -touch: clench teeth. Superficial touch
6. Abducens- motor -Movement of eye right and left. Cardinal field test
7. Facial – both – Facial expressions
8. Acoustic/Vestibucochlear -sensory – whisper test
9. Glossopharyngeal -both – dry swallow. Pharyngeal tongue, check uvula.
10. Vagus – both – swallow and speak. Check uvula
11. Accessory/spinal -motor – movement of shoulder muscles
12. Hypoglossal -motor – movement of tongue

12. What information does a general survey provide?

-Study of the whole person. Provides insights about the pt’s physical appearance, body structure,
mobility, and behavior

13. What is the difference between a nervous system assessment vs a mental health
assessment?

14. If a pt is allergic to penicillin, what additional questions are you going to ask?
-What the allergic reaction when exposed to penicillin. What they do when exposed.

15. Rectal temperature in adults will result in lower or higher?

16. What do hemoglobin tell you?

Protein in RBC that carries oxygen to body’s organs and tissues and transports CO2 from your
organs and tissues back to lungs

17. Nutritional deficiencies?

18. When someone identifies as indigenous, it is important to know people’s cultural

background, why?
So health care providers would know if they’re comfortable with any of the objective data that
they are going to be doing.

19. PN is about to measure o2 saturation, chooses earlobe and a finger. Why?

Pt might have long finger accessories. And also because earlobe is much more accurate than
fingers

20. Techniques that are correct when placing a BP cuff. Know how to properly put bp cuff
and the sizing based on the book?

21. Direction everything go as you get older.

Down

22. Pain is not a normal process of aging

23. Which is the best indication of pain?

What the pt tells you.

24. Difference BP from one arm to another. What does it indicate if it’s out more than 10-15?

25. What defines chronic pain and acute pain?

Acute pain is abrupt. Less than 3 months. Chronic would take more than 4 months

26. When should an electronic VS should not be used?

When pt has arrhythmia and low bp
 27. Difference between nociceptor, and other pain signals?
Nociceptor: pain receptors in PNS being stimulated by mechanical, thermal, or chemical means
Somatic pain: Occurs in connective tissue, muscle, bone and skin
Visceral pain: occurs in internal organs and lining of body cavities associated with nausea,
vomiting, and restlessness

28. What would be a best indicator for determining level of pain?

Whatever the pt describe.

29. Pain scale- description of the pain, not the number but how the pt verbalize it
Sharp? Dull? Throbbing?

30. Carpal tunnel syndrome.

Common condition that causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and arm. Cause: major
nerves to the hand is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist

31. Bp 136/88 today 150/90. What explains that? What causes change in bp?
Pain, stress, infection, medications, peeing, holding breath

32. What measures obesity?

Criteria for obesity: BMI

33. What assessment would determine mental status?

Level of consciousness

34. Observation for poor oxygenation? NOT CIRCULATION.

Poor oxygenation=cyanosis.

35. Normal finding for nails, hair, skin

36. Indication of clubbing? Angle? normal, abnormal? Brittleness, color?

Normal: nail is 160 degrees
Curved nail: 160 or less degrees
Abnormal: 180 degrees
Clubbing is an indication that the client has periods of hypoxia. COPD is a common cause of nail
clubbing

37. Palpate raised solid mass on somebody’s neck, what is it called?

Papule

38. How to test temperature in somebody’s legs

Palpation. Check bilaterally with the back of your hand

39. Which anatomical site would be the best position to determine the position of the trachea?
Place your right index finger in the sternal notch.

40. What range of motion can your knee normally perform?

Extension, flexion

41. Complains of occasional spots. Which test would you do? Is it a normal finding?
Integumentary. Not a normal finding.

42. ABCDE
Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, elevation/evolution

43. Snellen chart. 20/25. What does it mean?

Top number indicates how far you are to the chart. Bottom number indicates what a normal eye
could have read at 20 ft

44. What is kinesthesia and how do you test it?

Awareness of the position and movement of the parts of the body by means of sensory organs in
the muscles and joints. Can be tested by doing range of motion of the client’s extremities

45. Babinski reflex

A normal reflex in infants. Occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. Big toe then
moves upward or toward the surface of the foot. Then other toes fan out

46. Define:
1. Papule: can be felt. Due to superficial thickening in the epidermis. Ex: mole/wart
2. Keratosis: thickened. Raised areas of pigmentation. Ex: scaly, crusty, dandruff
3. Macule: Flat skinned lesion with only a color change
4. Bulla: Elevated cavity containing free fluid. >1 cm diameter
5. Acne: inflamed or infected sebaceous glands in the skin
47. What would cause the following:
1. Dry skin: hot and cold weather. Moisture.
2. Oily skin: sebaceous glands in the skin make too much sebum
3. Streaks on nails: sign of aging. Can be due to vitamin deficiencies
4. Cyanosis: poor oxygenation
5. Jaundice on eyes: liver problems
48. Define
1. Dysphonia: physical disorder of the mouth, throat, tongue, or vocal cords
 2. Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing
3. Dysphasia: inability to speak
4. Dysarthria: unclear articulation of speech
49. -What time of the month do you do breast exam?
50. -What strategies to palpate breast?
51. -Male genitilia. What is considered normal?
52. -How long do you listen for bowel sounds?
53. -Capillary refill. 2 secs: what would be your action? is it normal?
54. -What position would be best for retrovaginal exam
55. -Performing a testicular exam and what instrument would give the pt.
56. -Assesing balance for old people
57. -Example of neglect in elder abuse
58. -If you have a problem, what would be a sign of checking their vitals
59. -Following a health history, what would you ask what the next step is
60. -Neuro assessment. Know what test. Ex: CN. what’s the normal findings for each
of those. Which CN is being assessed. which is being tested? Cerebral, occipital
61. -BP what is the significance of it. What the top number mean and bottom number
mean. What would be the best response
62. -What are the cardiac sounds
63. -In your peripheral circulation, what order would u do it in. CTEMP
64. -If somebody reports hesitancy with urination, what do you think the problem is for
male?
65. -If pt complains for painful menstrual period, what is the word for that?
Dysmorrhea? idk fuck
66. -During examination of abdomen, you note that abdomen is round and warm to
touch, if you hear tympanic ____ what does it indicate? — Polo air??????
67. -WHat kind of a physical finding would u find in a 19 year old athlete for
muscoskeletal system.
68. -What are the different things would you assess in
69. -Pulmonic area, which sound is beast? s1? s2? s3? s4? S2
70. -Significance of erb’s point?
71. -Wjat happens when you get old with cardiac?
72. -Whats atrial kick?
73. -Normal finding for JVD? should it be bulging?
74. -Landmark for apical
75. -JVD, important findings.
76. -SOmeone complain with pain in upper right anterior upper side of chest, os it
aortic? pulmonic
77. -Where would you hear bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular? aortic? mitral?
what sound do they sound like? MATCHING QUESTION
78. -What is wheezing?
79. -Whats diabetes
80. They can’t breath? whats the definition?
81. Whats a UTI? how does it present and what are the signs and symptoms?
82. Whats apnea, orthopnea
83. Normal sequence of abdominal assessment
84. Names and location of pulses
85. What is thrill vs heave?
86. Breast exam? When to do it? When is the most appropriate time?
87. Testicular exam. Best position?
88. Nodal exam? What are nodes and what should they feel like?
89. Urine output? Daily and hourly
90. Menopause? What is the significance to genitourinary system of a female.
91. Apnea? What causes it? Signs and symptoms?
92. Orthopnea? Sleep anea?
93. ABC’s : level of priority
94. Pain assessment
95. Primary vs secondary priority
96. Adventitious breath sounds. Crackles? Wheezes? What creates them? Coarse
crackles? Fine crackles?
97. Level and anatomical landmarks. Where is the best place to hear S2. Listening to
the lungs.
98. Edema? What creates it? What fixes it? What’s +2?
99. Height and weight. Why is it significant?
100. Cap refill. What is normal? What does it mean when extended?
101. Age related findings
102. Breath sounds
103. Normal assessment vs abnormal findings
104. Bronchial
105. Vesicular
106. Broncophony -
107. Base of heart
108. Apex
109. Sounds
110. S1 vs S2? What do they signify? Where are they heard the loudest?
111. S3 and S4? Are they normal or not? What is a murmur?
112. APETM
113. Where are the sounds?
114. Assessment techniques (where and when to use)
115. Bell vs diaphragm. When do you use them?
116. Palpation vs percussion
117. Auscultation vs visual
118. Bowel sounds. Hypo? Hyper? Active bowel sounds.
119. Referred sounds
120. Old people
121. MSK assessment criteria
122. Elder abuse
123. Vital signs
124. Pulse
125. Resp
126. Bp
127. O2 sat
 128. Tone
129. Flexion
130. Extension
131. Rotation
132. Hyper
133. Atrophy
134. Loudest sounds found where?
135. What is creating the sounds?
136. JVD. All cv assessmet. What bed position
137. Crackles
138. Wheezes
139. Rhonchi
140. Friction rub? Pleural friction rub
141. Atelectasis
142. Cardio terms: aorta, pumonic, tricuspid, mitral, apical
143. Resp terms: vesicular, bronchial, apex, base, lobes, lateral
144.

88 questions
Mc and matching
Scenario based and regular questions
Covers resp, cvs, pvs, genitourinary, breast, gi