Lesson 1 Functions of To-Infinitives and Gerunds

LESSON 1
FUNCTIONS OF TO-INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

❶To-infinitive as a Noun
A. Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the
underlined to-infinitives.
1. To succeed in finding a job is not easy.
Function: __________________
2. The manager encouraged the employees to work hard.
Function: __________________
3. My dream is to work for the HD Corporation.
Function: __________________
4. The manager wanted to interview three applicants.
Function: __________________
5. They need to solve the problem now.
Function: __________________
6. Jean helped me to complete the report.
Function: __________________
B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1. The SM Company needs ____________ more people.
A. to hire B. hire C. to hiring D. hired
2. The purpose of the meeting is ____________ the issue.
A. discussion B. discuss C. to discuss D. discussed
❷To-infinitive as an Adjective / Adverb
A. Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the
underlined to-infinitives.
1. They made a plan to visit the office in Chicago.
Function: _____________________
2. He exercises regularly to keep in shape.
Function: _____________________
3. The first thing to do is to have a meeting with the staff.
Function: _____________________
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4. I am so glad to hear the news.
Function: _____________________
5. It is hard to find a place to park at this hour.
Function: _____________________
6. The company downsized the workforce only to decrease its productivity.
Function: _____________________

1. Mr. Kim worked hard ____________ a promotion.
A. to get B. getting C. got D. get
2. All the staff members were surprised _____________ the bad news.
A. heard B. hear C. hearing D. to hear
II. FUNCTIONS OF A GERUND
A. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence
then point out its function in the sentence.
1. They suggested (get/getting) a new office. ____________
2. (Test/Testing) a new device is always fun. ____________
3. (Solving/Solve) the problem took lots of time and money. _____________
4. You can make a reservation by (to call/calling) the hotel. ______________
5. (Reduction/Reducing) the costs was more difficult than we had expected.
________

1. Her job is ____________ phone calls from customers.
A. answered B. answering C. to answering D. answer
2. Many employees in the office are interested in ___________ medical
checkups.
A. get B. to get C. getting D. gotten
PRACTICE
A. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

1. We hope (gain / to gain) a greater market share.
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2. Neil, Inc. has begun (produce / producing) memory chips.
3. Stress can preven one from (sleeping / slept) well.
4. Our goal is (to attract / attraction) more customers.
5. I am writing (inquire / to inquire) whether my order was shipped.
6. (Read / Reading) the instructions on the package is essential.
7. We stopped (developing / develop) alternative fuels due to financial difficulties.
8. We will need (to enhance / enhancement) the security of our website.
9. Many people prefer (invest / to invest) in the IT industry.
10. You should look around before (joining / to join) a health club.
B. Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.

1. The board members unanimously agreed ___________ Mr. Weber’s suggestion.
A. accept B. to accept C. accepted D. acceptance
2. ___________ the speech several times before the ceremony is neccessary.
A. Practice B. Practices C. Practiced D. Practicing
3. Some residents wish ____________ their phone numbers after they move.
A. to keep B. keep C. kept D keeper
4. The accounting department may request receipts __________ your expense.
A. verifying B. verify C. be verified D. to verify
5. The Conen Company started ___________ wall paper with flower designs last
year.
A. making B. make C. made D. of making
6. ___________ the facilities before the upcoming event, the firm required several
staff members to work overtime.
A. To inspect B. Inspected C. Inspection D. Inspect
7. The company’s first’s priority is ___________ its customers with high-quality
prouducts.
A. provides B. provide C. providing D. provided
8. Every company has an obligation __________ its workers with a safe and healthy
work atmosphere.
A. provide B. provides C. provision D. to provide
9. The meeting’s purpose is __________ improvements in employee benefits.
A. discuss B. will discuss C. discussion D. to discuss
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10. Competitiveness is maintained by __________ the skills of the employees.
A. upgrading B. upgrades C. to upgrade D. upgraded
LESSON 3
COMMON EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND –
VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER A GERUND OR A TO-
INFINITIVE
1. Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund
A. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence.
1. This proposal is worth (to read / reading).
2. Do you feel like (to go / going ) out to eat?
3. The director is devoted to (promote / promoting ) sales.
4. The employees are not accustomed (to using / to use) the Intranet.
5. We are looking forward to (hearing / hear) from you.
6. The new secretary spends her time (to shop / shopping) online at lunchtime.
1. The team is busy ____________ a new software program.
A. develop B. to develop C. developing D. development
2. Mr. Smith had difficulty ____________ used to the new working
environment.
A. getting B. to get C. get D. gotten
2 Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive

A. Look at the following sentences and explain the meanings of the
underlined parts.
1. Don’t forget to submit the application form. ________________________
2. I forgot applying for the position, so I was surprised when they called me.
________________________________
3. I do not regret working at this company. _____________________________
4. We regret to say that your proposal has been rejected after a careful review.
_____________________________________
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5. We all try to get the best results. ______________________________

1. Please remember ____________ all the windows before you leave the office.
A. close B. closing C. closed D. to close
2. I do not regret ___________ my previous job, and I am pleased with my
current one.
A. quit B. quitting C. to quit D. to quitting
PRACTICE
1. ____________ the restaurant will attract more customers.

A. Renovation B. Renovating C. Renovated D. To renovating
2. The newly hired secretary is good at ___________.
A. organizing B. to organize C. organize D. organization
3. The president suggested _____________ a new staff lounge to better serve the
employees.
A. to build B. build C. built D. building
4. We would like to thank you for ____________ in our annual conference.
A. participate B. participating C. to participating D. participated
5. Mr. Carter has had difficulty ___________ experienced research specialists
since last month.
A. find B. finding C. to find D. found
6. Because of the bad economic situation, we could not help _____________ our
New York branch.
A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close
7. You can simply book your ticket by _____________ our website on dropping
by one of our stores.
A. visits B visiting C. visit D. to visit
8. We regret _____________ you that your application has been rejected.
A. to tell B. told C. telling D. tells
9. They stopped ____________ the old model in order to promote a newly
released one.
A. to sell B. selling C. sold D. sell
5
10. ____________ the number of security guards will hopefully reduce the
chance of thefts.
A Increase B. Increasing C. Increased D. To increasing
11. Atlantis Co. Strictly prohibits its employees from _________ an office
phone for personal reasons.
A. use B. to use C. used D. using
12. The company has considered ______________ its branch to Boston for the
past few weeks.
A. relocation B. to relocate C. relocating D. relocated
13. Do not forget ___________ the application form before submitting it to
Ms. Radowich at the front desk.
A. signing B. to sign C. sign D. signed
14. Ms. Wrigley has decided to stop ____________ applicants because she has
found a well-qualified person.
A. interview B. interviewed C. to interview D. interviewing
15. If you wish to exchange for size or color, please return it it us within 30 days
of __________ your order.
A. receip B. received C. receiving D. receive
16. __________ various information regarding computer skill not only offline
but also online is part of our business.
A. Provide B. Providing C. Provided D. Provides
17. The secretary was busy ____________ calls to the customers who have
cancelled their orders.
A. make B. to make C. making D. to making
18. We could not afford _________ a new copying machine because it was quite
expensive.
A. buying B. to buying C. buy D. to buy
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Questions 19 - 20 refer to the following letter.
Dear Mr. Myer,

According to our records, your membership with California Fitness will
expire in a few weeks. We would like to __________ you with a special offer.
With
19. A. provide B. schedule
B. cancel D. approve
your renewal of your membership, you can continue ____________ our
facilities 20. A. use B. used
C. using D. uses
and services at a discounted price.
Sincerely,
Jane Miller

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LESSON 1

FUNCTIONS OF TO-INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

A. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

B. Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.

2 Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive

B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1. ____________ the restaurant will attract more customers.

Dear Mr. Myer,

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