Matienzo, Kia Marie C.

BSEd FIL 2103

Unit 1
HUMANITIES AND THE ARTS- This unit shall give you a run through an overview of the
Humanities and the
significance of the Arts as an important aspect of being human.
Lesson 1 - Humanities and the Arts
“Man is the measure of all things.” - Protagoras
HUMANITIES - are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society
and culture.
-The humanities include the study of ancient and modern languages, literature,
philosophy, history,
archeology, anthropology, human geography, law, politics, religion and art.
-Scholars in the humanities are "humanity scholars" or humanists. The term
"humanist" also describes the philosophical position of humanism, which some "anti-
humanist" scholars in the humanities reject.
Leonardo da Vinci- Vitruvian Man as a cosmografia del minor mondo (cosmography of the
microcosm).
Fundamental Principles of Humanities
The following are identified fundamental principles of Humanities which are used
as guides for a better understanding of life and man’s existence.
1. Human nature is inherently good.
2. Individuals are free and are capable of making choices.
3. Human potential for growth and development is virtually unlimited.
4. Self-concept plays an important role in growth and development.
5. Individuals have an urge for self actualization.
6. Reality is defined by each person.
7. Individuals have a responsibility to both themselves and to others.

Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or

performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual ideas, or
technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.

The three classical branches of art are painting, sculpture and architecture.

Nature of the Arts

The following are identified natures of the Arts from the point of view of different
artists and philosophers:
1. Art or arts is of Aryan root “ar” which means to join or put together and has its Latin
term being “sars” or “artis” which means everything that is artificially made or composed
by man (wikipedia)
2. Art constitutes one of the oldest and most important means of expression
developed by man.
3. It refers to the skillful arrangement or composition of some common but significant
qualities of nature such as sounds, colors, lines, movements, words, stone and wood to
express feelings, thoughts, imaginations and dreams in an amazing, meaningful and
enjoyable way. (Adams, 2002)
4. Art is subjective as it employs the use of perception, insights, feelings and intuition
5. It is the heightened expression of human dignity and weaknesses felt and shared so
powerfully in a world increasingly aware of its successes and failures
6. It is man’s expression of himself as an individual and how he views his existence, and
7. Art also provides enjoyment and stimulation specially when people understand them

Functions of Art
Arts is a much needed avenue for people to:
1. Express freely oneself;
2. Socially express his need for display, celebration and communication; and
3. Physically express the need for utility of functional objects.

Functional Art Forms -are those which may benefit the cause of man’s existence.
Nonfunctional art- is art that serves no utilitarian purpose.

Lesson 2 - Arts and Philosophy

Philosophy and Arts Related
Philosophy- is a field of discipline which has attempted to explain almost all
aspects of human existence.
Philosophy of art- is the study of the nature of art, including concepts such as
interpretation, representation and expression, and form.

The Artistic Philosophers

1. Plato ( 428 – 347 BC) is a philosopher of Ancient Greece who is known for his
Dialogues together with Socrates. He loved and hated the arts at the same time which makes his
philosophical views on art unexplainably complicated. With the Republic being his work, Plato was
seen as a good literary stylist and great story teller and considered the arts as threatening. He
believed that “ though arts can be used to train citizens to have an ideal society, using arts to
accomplish this should be strictly controlled”. He also explained that the physical world is a copy of a
perfect, rational, eternal and changeless original which he called FORMS.
Plato’s Ideas of the Arts may be summed up by the truths according to him that:
1. Art is imitation; 2. Art is dangerous.

2. Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC) was a student of Plato who first distinguished between “what is good and
what is beautiful''. For him, the universal elements of beauty are manifested by order, symmetry and
definiteness. As exemplified in his Poetics, he stated that physical manifestation of beauty is affected
by SIZE. He considered art as imitation or a representation of nature and his emphasis of the art is on
POETRY which for him is more philosophical than Philosophy itself.
3. Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804) was a German, Enlightenment philosopher who wrote a treatise on
Aesthetics: Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and the Sublime. His main interest was not
on art but on BEAUTY that it is a matter of TASTE. Kant explained that TASTE can be both SUBJECTIVE
and UNIVERSAL. For KANT, beauty is a question of form and color is NOT IMPORTANT.

The Kinds of Aesthetic Responses according to Kant are:

1. Beauty results in pleasure if there is order, harmony and symmetry; and
2. Beauty leads to a response of awe that overwhelms the viewers of the art.

Artists vs. Artisans

artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an
art.
artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things
by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts,
sculptures, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the
handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.

Architecture is considered as the most functional of all the art forms.

Sculpture, an artistic form in which hard or plastic materials are worked
into three-dimensional art objects.
Painting is the application of pigments to a support surface that establishes
an image, design or decoration.
 The Fishermen by Ang Kiukok
 Spolarium by Juan Luna
 Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci
Dance is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and
within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply
taking delight in the movement itself.
 The Tinikling
 Subli Folk Dance
 Modern Hip Hop Dance
Music is an art form, and cultural activity, whose medium is sound.
Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live
performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before
a live audience in a specific place, often a stage.
 MORO-MORO
 ZARZUELA
 A MID SUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM
 ROMEO AND JULIET
Literature, most generically, is any body or collection of written work.

Unit 2
The term subject in arts refers to the main idea that is represented in the artwork.
Representational art refers to art which represents something,
- is a term that generally refers to a painting or sculpture that is clearly recognizable for what it
claims to be.
Non-representational or non-objective art, on the other hand, refers to compositions which do not
rely on representation or mimesis to any extent.

The Sources of Subject

1. Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world
or material universe.
2. People. They are considered the most interesting subject of an artwork which may be real or
imagined.
3. History. It is the depiction of factual events that occured in the past whose purpose is either to
remember important events of long ago or to teach the learners about the lessons of the past.
4. Legends. Artworks based on legends present to viewers of the art something tangible even when
unverified.
5. Religion has played an enormous role in inspiring works of visual arts, music, architecture and
literature through ages.
6. Mythology. These are sources of subjects that come from the stories of gods and goddesses of
Ancient Greece, Rome, Norse and Egyptians.
7. Dreams and Fantasy. The wonder of the unconscious is what is being expressed by art works under
this subject source.
8. Technology. The modernity of the present is also an inspiration being used by artists as a source of
subject.

Ways of Presenting the Subject

1. Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting.
2. Realism in the arts is generally the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without
artificiality and avoiding speculative fiction and supernatural 45 elements.
3. Abstraction finds its roots in ‘intuition’ (of the artist) and ‘freedom’ (for the artist as well as for the
viewer).
4. Symbolism. This is the use of a visible sign of an idea to convey to the viewers, readers or audiences
the message of his work.
5. Fauvism is the name applied to the work produced by a group of artists (which included Henri
Matisse and André Derain) from around 1905 to 1910, which is characterised by strong colours and
fierce brushwork.
6. Dadaism is a protest movement in the art that is playful and experimental. “Dada” means a “hobby
horse”.
7. Futurism. This was developed in Italy about the same time as cubism appeared in France.
8. Surrealism. This method mirrors the evils of the present society.
9. Expressionism. This features art works describing pathos, morbidity, chaos or even defeat and was
introduced in Germany from 1900 – 1910.

Unit 3
The Artist and His Medium

Production is at the heart of making art. Artists and theorists have long
acknowledged its importance as both an artistic action and an idea to be explored.

Medium- When an artist is ready to express himself in art and to give shape to his vision, his first
thought would be on what medium to use.
The technique- The technique of the artwork shows the level of familiarity with the medium being
manipulated.
Curation Derived from the word “curare” which means to take care. It is a process that involves
managing, overseeing and assembling or putting together a presentation or exhibit for some type of
artistic collection.

The Different Media of the Visual Arts

Drawing The fundamental skill needed in the visual arts.
Different Media for Drawing:
Pencils- Made of graphite which comes in different hardness from soft to hard or
thickness from thick to needle-like.
Shading Techniques:
✔ Hatching- A series of thin parallel lines that run in the same direction.
✔ Cross-hatching- A series of thin parallel lines and criss-crossing it with another set of tin parallel
lines.
✔ Stippling- Uses the sharp point of the pencil to make dot patterns in some parts of the drawing.
✔ Blending- May be accomplished by using the finger or a paper stump to gradually change the
tone from dark to light.

Ink- It is one of the oldest materials for drawing that is still in use. It allows for a great variety of
qualities, depending on the tools and technique used in the application.
Pastel- This is composed of dry pigment held together by a gum binder and
compressed into sticks.
Charcoal- An organic medium that comes from burnt wood.
Paper- The most common surface used in two-dimensional art.

Painting It is the process of applying paint onto a smooth surface (ground/support) like paper, cloth,
canvas, wood or plaster.
Acrylic- Modern medium with synthetic paint using acrylic emulsion as binder.

The Process of Creating Sculptures

A. Subtractive Process- Involves removing or cutting away pieces of the material to form the figure.
B. Additive Process- The process involves the construction of a figure by putting together bits of the
material
or by welding together metal parts to create figures.
C. Process of Substitution- This process is also known as casting. This method involves using a mold to
produce a
3D figure in another material.
D. Different Media of Sculpture:
a. Stone- A natural medium.Hard and relatively permanent.
b. Wood- Also a natural medium. It varies in hardness and durability depending on
the kind of tree it came from.
c. Metal- It has three unique qualities: tensile strength, ductility and malleability.
d. Plaster- It is finely ground gypsum mixed with water and poured into mold.
e. Terra cotta (cooked earth)- Baked clay or clay fired in a kiln at a relatively high
temperature.
f. Glass- Made by heating and cooling a combination of sand and soda lime.
g. Plastic- Synthetic medium made from organic polymers.

Architecture- Art of designing buildings and other structures which will serve a definite function.

A. Construction Principles
a. Post and Lintel- Makes use of two vertical supports (post) and spanned by a
horizontal beam (lintel). It was invented by the Greeks.
b. Arch- A Roman invention that consists of separate pieces of wedge-shaped
blocks called voussoirs arranged in a semi-circle.
i. Structures that can be Built from the Principle of Arch:
✔ Barrel Vault- A succession of arches.
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✔ Groin Vault- A structure that is formed by intersecting arches resulting in four
openings.
✔ Dome- Structure with the shape of an inverted cup.
c. Truss- System of triangular forms assembled to form a rigid framework.
d. Cantilever- A structure that makes use of a beam or slab that extends horizontally into space
beyond its supporting post.
e. Buttress- A structure that is built as a support for the wall.

Media of Architecture
A. Compressive Strength- Refers to those materials that can support heavy weights
without crumbling or breaking down.
B. Materials that are used for Creating Building and Infrastructures:
a. Stones and Bricks- Stones are favored over other materials for its durability,
adaptability to sculptural treatment and its use for building simple structures in its natural
state.
b. Lumber (wood)- All parts of a building can be constructed using wood except
the foundations.
c. Iron and Steel- Provide stronger and taller structures with less use of material
when compared to stone or wood.
d. Concrete- Mixture of cement and water, with aggregates of sand and gravel.

Literature Art of combining spoken or written words and their meanings into forms which have artistic
and emotional appeal.

Types of Literature
a. Poetry- It used to follow strict rules s to the number and length of lines and
stanzas but in recent years they have become more free-flowing
b. Fiction- Written work that is not real and which uses elaborate figurative
language.
c. Non-fiction- Subject matter comes from real life.
d. Drama- Includes all plays or any written works that are meant to be performed.

Music- Defined as the art of combining and regulating sounds of varying pitch to produce
compositions that express various ideas and feelings.

Media in Music
a. Vocal Medium- The oldest and most popular medium for music is the human
voice.
i. Classification of Human Voice (Komien,2008):
✔ Soprano- Highest female singing voice.
✔ Contralto- Female singing voice that is low and rich in quality.
✔ Tenor- Highest adult male singing voice.
✔ Bass- Male singing voice that is low and rich in quality.
✔ Baritone- Male singing voice that is between tenor and bass.
b. Instrumental Medium- Materials that produce/create sound
i. Traditional Instruments of Music:
✔ String Instruments- Provide basic orchestral sounds. Two kinds are: Bowed
strings that produce tones by means of a bow of horse hair and Plucked strings that
produce tones by plucking the strings with a finger or with a plectrum held in one’s hand.
✔ Woodwind Instruments- Create sounds by blowing into them.
✔ Brass Instruments- Have cup-shaped mouthpieces and expands into a bell-
shaped end.

✔ Percussion Instruments- Makes sound by hitting them.

✔ Keyboard Instruments- Make sound by means of a keyboard which consist of a
series of black and white keys.
C. Some Genres of Music:
a. Classical Music- European tradition that covered the years of 1750 to 1830.
Forms such as the symphony, concerto, and sonata were standardized.
b. Folk Music- Originated in the traditional popular culture or is written in such a style.
c. Pop Music- Began in the 1950s and is inspired in the tradition of rock and roll.
d. Jazz- Originated in the African-American communities in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries.
e. Blues- Originated from the African Americans in the deep South of the United States in the late
19th Century.
f. Rock Music- Form of popular music that evolved from rock and roll and pop music.
g. Alternative Music- A style of rock music that emerged from the independent music of the 1980s
and gained popularity in the 1990s.

Dance
Is said to be the oldest of the arts. It is the man’s gestures that express emotions through rhythmic
movements.
Types of Dance:
a. Ethnologic (ethnic)- Includes folk dances associated with national and/or cultural
groups.
b. Social or Ballroom- Type of dancing that are generally performed in pairs.
c. Ballet- Originated in the royal courts of the Medieval era.
d. Social or Ballroom- Sometimes called contemporary or interpretative dances.
They represent rebellion against the classical formalism of ballet.
e. Musical Comedy (musicale)- Refers to those dances performed by one dancer or
a group of dancers.

A. Drama Genre of literature that is intended to be acted-out or performed on stage in front of an

audience.
B. Theatre Combined art that includes music, dance, painting, sculpture, and architecture.
C. Genres of Drama (DiYanni, 2000):
a. Tragedy- literature’s greatest dramatic genre.
b. Melodrama- Emphasizes the never ending battle between good and evil wherein
good always wins.
c. Comedy- Exact opposite of tragedy.
d. Satire- Portrays human weakness and criticized human behavior to pave the path
to some form of salvation for human actions.
e. Farce- Light humorous play in which the emphasis is on the jokes, humorous
physical action, exaggerated situations and improbable characters.

Lesson 10 - Cinema, Genres of Motion Pictures and People Behind Motion Pictures
A. Cinema Series of images that are projected onto a screen to create the illusion of motion.
B. Genres of Motion Pictures:
a. Feature Films- Commonly shown in movie theaters.
b. Animated movies- Use images created by artists/ animators.
c. Documentary movies- deal primarily with facts, not fiction.
d. Experimental films- Sequence of images, literal or abstract, which do not
necessarily form a narrative.
e. Educational Films- Specifically intended to facilitate learning at home or
classrooms.
C. People Behind a Motion Picture
a. Actors- Play the roles of the characters.
b. Producer- handles finances.
c. Screenwriter- develops stories and ideas for the screen or adapts interesting
written pieces of work as motion pictures.
d. Director- Studies the script, plans and visualizes how the film should be
portrayed and guides the actors and the production crew as they carry out the project.

Unit 4
Elements and Principles of Art

line can be defined in several ways: It is a path made by a moving point; a

series of dots; a prolongation of points or according to Paul Klee is a dot that went for a walk.

Kinds of lines
● Straight lines are geometric, impersonal and differ in the direction that they
take. The straight lines may move from left to right, start from the top going down, slant or move up
and down forming angles. Whatever is the direction, each kind indicates a specific type of emotion.
■ Horizontal lines - move from left to right or vice versa. It is a line that appears to be laying down.
■ Vertical Line - start from bottom to top or vice versa. It is a line that appears to be
standing.
■ Diagonal lines - are slanting lines. In the visual art, diagonals suggest two meanings, a positive and a
negative one. On the positive diagonals indicate action and movement i.e. to move forward and act.
On the negative, it conveys a feeling of uncertainty, stress and defeat.
 Zigzag lines - Are angular lines that resulted in abrupt change in the direction of a
straight line thus forming angles. The lines are unpleasant and harsh which portrays tension, conflict,
chaos, or violence.
Curved lines - are technically curvilinear lines. Curve lines suggest grace,
movement and flexibility indicative of life and energy.
Color - The significance of color as an element of the visual arts cannot be over
emphasized.

Hue - It is the name given to the color, for example; red, green, violet and blue.
Value - refers to the lightness or darkness of a color.
Shade - When black is combined with hue.
Tint - When white is added with hue.
Intensity - denotes the brightness or dullness of a color. It gives color its strength.
Colors differ in intensity or vividness.
Hues become less intense (dull) when white is added because color becomes
lighter in value.
The hues’ intensity diminishes when black is added and as the value darkens.
If gray is added, the result will be a variation in intensity without any change in
value.
Color harmony is one method of establishing color quality in a composition.
Monochromatic harmony - When a single color in the composition is varied in
intensity and value by adding white or black.
Complementary Harmony - results when two colors that are opposite each
other in the color wheel are placed side by side.
 Analogous harmony - results when hues that are adjacent or beside each other in
the color wheel is used in a composition.
Color temperature - refers to the relative warmth or coolness of a color.

Light and shadow focuses on what is known as achromatic value.

Chiaroscuro is the technique of manipulating light and shadow in painting.
Shapes - In visual arts, a shape is formed when two ends of a line meet to enclose an area.
Picture plane - any flat surface onto which the artwork is created.
Negative shapes - these are between the shapes that are not occupied by any form.

Classification of Shapes
● Natural or organic shapes - those are seen in nature like the shape of leaves,
animals, mountains, flowers and seashells.
● Abstract shapes - those that have little or no resemblance to natural objects.
● Non-objective or biomorphic shapes - seldom have reference to recognizable
objects, but most often show a similarity to some organic forms.
● Geometric shapes - these are triangles, rectangles, squares, cylinders, cubes.

Texture - refers to the feel or tactile quality of the surface of an object.

Visual texture - in such cases where touching the artwork is not allowed, textured can be perceived by
the eyes.
Space - An illusion in the graphic arts.
Methods of Creating Space
● Overlapping planes (interposition) - create space when an object covers a part
of another object which is behind it.
● Relative size - objects that appear large/big indicate nearness and small-sized
objects as distant.
● Position on the picture plane (relative height) - In some paintings, spatial
representation is based upon the position of objects relative to the bottom of the frame.
Color is also used to give the illusion of distance.
Perspective - deals with the effect of distance on the appearance of objects.
Linear perspective - give the perception distance by means of converging lines.
Aerial perspective (gradient) - the effect of haze, mist or atmosphere on the
object.
Space in sculpture may be viewed in two ways: it may be considered a single solid object or an
assemblage of solids that exhibits space; or space may be perceived as it enters into relations with its
surroundings-extending into it, enveloping it, or relating across it.
Space in architecture is created and defined by the shape, position, and the materials employed by
the architect.
Movement Over the years, artists of the visual arts have manipulated the medium and elements in
order to portray motion in their artworks.
Two ways to present motion or movement in their art
● Actual movement - in art, specifically in sculptures results in kinetic art.
Implied movement - results when a variety of lines are used together, repeated,
change in position, or decreased/increased in size.
Rhythm - is a movement or pattern with uniform recurrence of accented and
accented beat
● Melody - is the succession of tones arranged in such a way as to give it a musical
sense. It may also refer to the rising and falling of the tune in time.
● Harmony - is the sounding of a series of groups of tones in the same time.
Timbre - is tonal quality or the character of the tone that is produced by an
instrument or by the human voice.
Form - is the structure or the framework of a composition
Dynamics - is the loudness and softness of the sound in music indicated by
symbols to regulate the volume of the sound.
Music plays an important role in the dance to which it is closely related. It should
be melodic and harmonious and fits into the movements of the dance.
Movement is how the dancers use their bodies to move and create organized
patterns.
Choreography refers to how the steps and movements are connected for it to be
performed in an organized manner.
Technique is the skill of the dancer in executing the movements.
Theme is the content or the main ingredient of the dance.
Design is the planned organization or patterns of movement in time and space.
Costume. The type of dance performed and the costumes worn relate closely to
the customs, beliefs, and environment of the people.
Drama is basically one of the genres of literature that is written primarily to be
performed. The performance is done by actors on stage before a live audience.
Plot is the overall structure of the play.
Exposition is the part that familiarizes the audience with the characters and the situation they are in.
Complication happens in the middle part of the play which develops the conflict that was started in
the exposition.
Resolution is also called the anticlimax or the part where conditions in the story are
normalized and the situation becomes stable.
● Setting is the locale and period in which the story takes place. It includes the
scenery, props and costumes used in staging.
Characters are the persons involved in the story.
Dialogue refers to the words uttered by the characters in the story.
Theme is what the story means.
The Playwright’s role is to work out the plot in terms of the actual actions to be
performed and dialogue to be spoken by actors within the limited facilities of the stage.
● The Performers are the ones who portray the characters in a play.
● The Director works with the playwright to present which is interpreted and
translated into dramatic action.
● Production Design includes the scenery, props, make-up, costumes, lights,
music, sound and all other special effects used in a theater production.

Acting and the Stars.Acting is the art of portraying or impersonating a character

in the story.
Set and Directors should know the setting of the story and build artificial sets.
● Music and Musical Director. Music is indispensable in motion pictures.
Color in the movies is an innovation in cinematography.
Make-up, Hair and Costume Design. These people are responsible for applying
the specific type of make-up, hairstyle and costume to the actors before they face the camera.
● Sound, Camera and Special Effects Technicians. Sound technicians are
responsible for making the dialogue clear and music of fine quality.
Form refers to how specific elements in the artwork are organized to produce a
unified whole. Form is further classified into:
■ Primary Features. This is how the artwork appears to the viewers.Its physical
attributes in terms of medium, color, texture and size.
■ Secondary Features. This is how the primary features of the artwork relate to one
another.
Content refers to the message the artist wants to convey through his art. The
levels of content are:
■ Factual is the literal interpretation of the work, its images, attributes, actions and
poses.
■ Conventional level takes into consideration the basic genres and the figurative
meanings usually indicated by familiar signs and symbols and the quality of work.
■ Subjective level takes into consideration the effect of form and content on the
viewers of the art.
● Context refers to the various circumstances that influence how a work of art was
produced and interpreted. The two types of context are:
■ Primary context pertains to the characteristic of the artist, his personality, beliefs, interests and
values.
■ Secondary context pertains to the setting. The historical period, time in which the
work was produced.
Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, color, texture and
space.
Symmetrical balance results when the elements used on one side of the design are
similar to those on the other side.
■ Asymmetrical balance is when the sides of the composition are different but still
looked balanced.
■ Radial balance is achieved when the elements are arranged around a central point.
Elements may exhibit similarities as they spread around the central point.
● Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer's attention. The artist
will usually make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas.
● Movement is the path the viewer's eye takes when looking through the work of
art. Such movement can be implied along lines edges, shape, and color within the work of
art.
● Pattern is the repetition of objects, shapes, lines, or symbols all over the space or
picture plane.
● Proportion is the feeling of unity created when all parts relate well with each
other.
● Repetition works with patterns to make the work seem active. The repetition of
elements of design creates unity within the artwork.
● Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to
produce a feeling of organized, continuous, sometimes flowing movement. To keep
rhythm exciting and active, variety is important.
● Variety is the use of several elements of design that adds interest in order to hold
the viewer's attention and guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.
● Unity is the feeling of harmony between and among the parts of the work of art,
which creates a feeling of completeness in the composition.

Leonardo da Vinci was more than an artist. He was also an architect, scientist,
inventor, anatomist, geologist, historian and writer.

Curiosita is approaching life with a heightened level of wonder and continuous search
to know and learn more.
Dimostrazione is the commitment to test knowledge and to persist in this task, which includes
experiencing both success and failures in undertaking.
Sensazione is experiencing life through refinement of the senses.
Sfumato literally translates to “going up in smoke”.
Arte/Scienza is finding a balance between art and science or logic and imagination.
Corporalita is taking care of one’s body.
Connessione is realizing that all things are interconnected.