AVERTEBRATA AIR

FAKULTAS PERIKANAN DAN ILMU KELAUTAN UNIVERSITAS MULAWARMAN, 10NOV2020

Marine invertebrates H. Iwan Suyatna

Marine invertebrates are multicellular animals that inhabit a

marine environment and are invertebrates, lacking a vertebral
coloum.

In order to protect themselves, they may have evolved a shell or a

hard exoskeleton,
but this is not always the case.

As on land and in the air, invertebrates make up a great majority

of all macroscopic life in the sea. Invertebrate sea life includes the
following groups, some of which are phyla:
TULANG BELAKANG/BACKBONE/VERTEBRAE,VERTEBRAL COLOUM
BEBERAPA FILUM/PHYLUM (PHYLA)
AVERTEBRATA/INVERTEBRATA AIR
1) Acoela, among the most primitive bilateral animals;
2) Annelida, (polychaetes and sea leeches);
3) Brachiopoda, marine animals that have hard "valves" (
shells) on the upper and lower surfaces ;
4) Bryozoa, also known as moss animals or sea mats;
5) Chaetognatha, commonly known as arrow worms, are a phylum of
predatory marine worms that are a
major component of plankton;
6) Cephalochordata represented in the modern oceans
by the lancelets (also known as Amphioxus);
7) Cnidaria, such as jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals;
8) Arthropoda , crustacea including lobsters, crabs, shrimp, crayfish,
barnacles, hermit crabs, mantis shrimps, and copepods;
9) Ctenophora, also known as comb jellies, the largest animals
that swim by means of cilia;
10) Echinodermata, including sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand
dollars, sea cucumbers, crinoids, and sea daisies;
11) Echiura, also known as spoon worms;
12) Gnathostomulids, slender to thread-like worms, with a transparent body
that inhabit sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters;
13) Gastrotricha, often called hairy backs, found mostly interstitially in
between sediment particles;
14) Hemichordata, includes acorn worms, solitary worm-shaped organisms;
15) Kamptozoa, goblet-shaped sessile aquatic animals, with relatively
long stalks and a "crown" of solid tentacles, also called Entoprocta;
16) Kinorhyncha, segmented, limbless animals, widespread in mud or
sand at all depths, also called mud dragons;
17) Loricifera, very small to microscopic marine sediment-dwelling animals
only discovered in 1983;
18) Merostomata; also known as horseshoe crabs;
19) Mollusca, including shellfish, squid, octopus, whelks, Nautilus,
cuttlefish, nudibranchs, scallops, sea snails, Aplacophora,
Caudofoveata, Monoplacophora, Polyplacophora, and Scaphopoda
20) Myzostomida, a taxonomic group of small marine worms which are parasitic on
crinoids or "sea lilies"
21) Nemertinea, also known as "ribbon worms" or "proboscis worms";
22) Orthonectida, a small phylum of poorly known parasites of marine invertebrates
that are among the simplest of multi-cellular organisms;
23) Phoronida, a phylum of marine animals that filter-feed with a lophophore
(a "crown" of tentacles), and build upright tubes of chitin to support and protect their soft
bodies;
24) Placozoa, small, flattened, multicellular animals around 1 millimetre across and the simplest
in structure. They have no regular outline, although the lower surface is somewhat concave,
and the upper surface is always flattened;
25) Porifera (sponges), multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels
allowing water to circulate through them;
26) Priapulida, or penis worms, are a phylum of marine worms that live marine mud. They are
named for their extensible spiny proboscis, which, in some species, may have a shape like
that of a human penis;
27) Pycnogonida, also called sea spiders, are unrelated to spiders, or even to arachnids which
they resemble;
28) Sipunculida, also called peanut worms, is a group containing 144–320 species (estimates
vary) of bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented marine worms;
29) Tunicata, also known as sea squirts or sea pork, are filter feeders attached to rocks or
similarly suitable surfaces on the ocean floor; Some flatworms of the classes Turbellaria and
Monogenea;
30) Xenoturbella, a genus of bilaterian animals that contains only two marine worm-like species;
31) Xiphosura, includes a large number of extinct lineages and only four recent species in the
family Limulidae, which include the horseshoe crabs.
 CEPHALOPODS
Cephalopod, any member of the class
Cephalopoda of the phylum Mollusca, a small
group of highly advanced and organized,
exclusively marine animals. The octopus, squid,
cuttlefish, and chambered nautilus are familiar
representatives.
All species of octopus, squid and cuttlefish are eaten locally and are of commercial
importance, also used as bait for various fish species & lobsters.
Organ bag. dalam Mantel (Mantle): bag.utama tubuh cumi-cumi
Yang melindungi organ bagian dalam.
Organ dalam Cumi-cumi
BAGIAN EKSTERNAL CUMI-CUMI
 Order SEPIOIDEA – Cuttlefishes
Sepion (internal shell) large, chalky, rigid; 8 arms and 2 retractile tentacle
 Order TEUTHOIDEA – Squids
Gladius (internal shell) chitinous, flexible, pen–shaped; 8 arms and 2 non–retractile tentacles
Order OCTOPODA – Octopuses and Argonauts
Internal shell reduced or absent; 8 arms, no tentacles
Makro avertebrata yang umum di sungai (John T Jennings, 2009):

(a). Backswimmer Anisops sp. (Notonectidae); (b). backswimmer Enithares

sp. (Notonectidae); (c). small waterstrider Microvelia sp. (Veliidae); (d).
diving beetle Limbodessus sp. (Dytiscidae); (e). Water scavenger beetle
Berosus sp. (Hydrophilidae); (f). water scavenger beetle Hydrochus sp.
Natural History of the Riverland and Murraylands (Hydrochidae).
 NAUTILUS,
PERENANG BERCANGKANG
Cangkang Nautilus
yang sudah
dikeluarkan isisnya
KLASIFIKASI
Kingdom : Animalia
Filum : Mollusca
Kelas : Cephalopoda
Subkelas : Nautiloidea
Ordo : Nautilida
Superfamili : Nautilaceae
Famili : Nautilidae (Blainville,
1825)
Nautilus pompilius

The chambered nautilus lives in deep

waters of the open ocean and is one of very
few species of shelled invertebrates that
live in the water column instead of in
contact with the seafloor or reef surface.
The animal only lives in the outermost
chamber of the shell. The other chambers
are filled with gas that helps the chambered
nautilus remain neutrally buoyant, giving it
the ability to hover in the water
GENERAL FEATURES OF FRESHWATER GASTROPOD SHELL
GENERAL FEATURES OF FRESHWATER GASTROPOD ANIMAL
Fluminicola sp, actual
height 8.4 mm.
Lyogyrus n. sp. actual height 2.2 mm.

Juga (Oreobasis) n. sp, actual height 22.1

mm.
 BIVALVES
(Class Bivalvia - pelecypods, clams, oysters, etc.)
TECHNICAL TERMS AND GENERAL REMARKS
MOST COMMON BIVALVE SPECIES
 KEBIASAAN DAN SIFAT DARI BACKSWIMMING BUGS/KUTU/SERANGGA AIR

Notonectidae (Keluarga). Backswimmers berenang terbalik, menggunakan punggung. Notonectidae

berasal dari kata Yunani Notos (kembali), dan nektos (berenang).

Deskripsi
Sisi dorsal backswimmer itu cembung dan berbentuk V, seperti lunas perahu. Serangga air ini
menggunakan kaki belakang panjang sebagai dayung untuk mendorong diri. Kaki dayung
kekurangan tidak bercakar tetapi memiliki rambut panjang. warna backswimmer tidak seperti
kebanyakan serangga, mungkin karena mereka menjalani kehidupan mereka terbalik, memiliki
perut yang gelap dan bisa beruabah berwarna terang kembali. Hal ini membuat mereka kurang
mencolok terhadap predator seperti mereka gaya punggung di sekitar kolam.
Kepala backswimmer adalah khas, memiliki dua mata besar berdekatan, tapi tidak ada ocelli.
Sebuah paruh silinder, lipatan di kepala rapi hanya dengan 3-4 segmen, antena pendek, terlihat
tersembunyi di bawah mata. Seperti Hemiptera lainnya, backswimmers.
Backswimmers dewasa tumbuh sayapnya berfungsi/bisa terbang bisa keluarpermukaan.

Klasifikasi
Kerajaan - Animalia
Filum: Arthropoda, Kelas: Insecta, Order: Hemiptera, Family: Notonectidae
 NYAMUK (MOSQUITOES)
Larva nyamuk (Diptera: Culicidae), or “wrigglers”, organisme akuatik/air yang bernafas
di udara (atmo-spheric oxygen), mereka menggantung di permukaan air (exploit
habitats) (Lee et al. 1982, 1989). Mereka makan detritus organik, ada juga yang makan
daun, juga bisa sebagai predators smaller invertebrates., kadang juga kanibal
(Clements 1999). Stelah menetas, larva tumbuh 4 instars dan jadi pupal sebelum
dewasa. Nyamuk betina dewasa blood-feeders (“haematophagous”) dan beresiko
sebagay penyebab penyakit terhadap manusia dan hewan (Russell 1993; Russell & Kay
2004).

Nyamuk, paling tidk ada 49 spesies. Kiri: instar IV larva of Aedes camptorhynchus,
showing the short caudal siphon typical of Aedes species. Kanan : instar IV larva of
Culex annulirostris showing the long, thin siphon and white antennae with dark apices.
Photographs: S.R. Fricker.
CRUSTACEA (KRSUTASE)
ISTILAH TEKNIS DAN TEKNIS PENGUKURAN (TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS)
 FAMILY
PORTUNIDAE

BAGIAN BAGIAN MORFOLOGI KEPITIN RAJUNGAN (PORTUNUS SP)

 Family PORTUNIDAE
Swimming crabs/kepiting renang: Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Kingdom : Animalia
Sub Kingdom : Eumetazoa
Grade : Bilateria
Divisi : Eucoelomata
Section : Protostomia
Filum : Arthropoda
Kelas : Crustacea
Sub Kelas : Malacostraca
Ordo : Decapoda
Sub Ordo : Reptantia
Seksi : Brachyura
Sub Seksi : Branchyrhyncha
Famili : Portunidae
Sub Famili : Portunninae
Genus : Portunus
Spesies : Portunus pelagicus
Spesies : Portunus armatus (jantan)
 Schematic drawings of a generalized Portunus
pelagicus illustrating morphological terms and
measurements used in the study. A, dorsal surface
and appendages; B, cheliped; C, pereiopods; D,
abdomen
LIST OF DIMENSIONS MEASURED AND RATIOS USED IN MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES
DAFTAR BAGIAN-BAGIAN YANG DIUKUR DAN RATIOYANG DIPAKAI UNTUK ANALISIS MORFOMETRIK
LIST OF NOMINAL NAMES ASSOCIATED WITH PORTUNUS PELAGICUS,
AUTHORITY AND TYPE LOCALITY
 Live colours of males. A, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (142.7 × 67.1mm) (ZRC 2007.0235), Pulau Tekong, Singapore; B,
Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) (140.1 × 62.3mm) (ZRC 2007.0220), Tulear, Madagascar (photograph: H. H. Tan); C, Portunus
reticulatus (Herbst, 1799) (132.2 × 59.8mm) (ZRC 2007.0223), Chennai, India (photograph: Z. Jaafar); D, Portunus armatus (A. Milne-
Edwards, 1861) (no specimen, photograph only) Brisbane, Queensland (photograph: P. J. F. Davie)
Live colours of females. A, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (142.7 × 67.1mm) (ZRC 2007.0235), Pulau Tekong,
Singapore; B, Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) (124.3 × 53.4mm) (ZRC 2007.0220), Madagascar, Tulear
(photograph: H. H. Tan); C, Portunus reticulatus (Herbst, 1794) (132.2 × 59.8mm) (ZRC 2007.0223), Chennai, India
(photograph: Z. Jaafar); D, Portunus armatus (A. Milne-Edwards 1861)(133.2 × 64.2 mm) (ZRC 2007.0232), Nelson
Bay, New South Wales, Australia (photograph: S. Ahyong)
 Lateral spine length variation in
juvenile Portunus armatus (A. Milne-
Edwards, 1861). A, B, Botany Bay,
New South Wales; C–F,
Shark Bay, Western Australia. A, male
(27.14 × 12.4 mm) (ZRC 2007.236); B,
male (28.5 × 13.9mm) (ZRC
2007.236); C, male (30.7 ×
13.9 mm) (WAM C20682); D, male
(29.5 × 12.3 mm) (WAM C39181); E,
male (34.0 × 14.5 mm) (WAM
C39181) F, male (26.8 × 10.9
mm) (WAM C39179)
Kepting bakau/Scylla serrata (Forsskål, 1775)

Kerajaan: Animalia
Filum: Arthropoda
Subfilum: Crustacea
Kelas: Malacostraca
Ordo: Decapoda
Infraordo: Brachyura
Famili: Portunidae
Genus: Scylla
Spesies: S. serrata Nama binomial Scylla serrata (Forsskål, 1775)
Sinonim Cancer serratus Forsskål, 1775
Scylla serrata, (a) tampak dorsal, (b) tampak frontal.Foto: Museum Scylla tranquebarica, (a) tampak dorsal, (b) tampak
Queensland dalam Keenan (1997)(Rina Sugiarti Dwi Gita, 2016) frontal. Foto: Museum Queensland dalam Keenan
(1997) (Rina Sugiarti Dwi Gita, 2016)

Scylla paramamosain, (a) tampak dorsal, (b) tampak frontal. Scylla olivacea (a) tampak dorsal, (b) tampak frontal. Foto:
Foto: Museum Queensland dalam Keenan (1997) (Rina Sugiarti Museum Queensland dalam Keenan (1997) (Rina Sugiarti
Dwi Gita, 2016). Dwi Gita, 2016)..

Kepiting batu Kepiting gelenteng Kepiting tentara

 Kepiting Rajunagn hijau (kecil) Thalamita crenata (H. Milne–Edwards, 1834)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Infraorder: Brachyura
Family: Portunidae
Genus: Thalamita
Species: T. crenata
Binomial name
Thalamita crenata
Rüppell, 1830
 types of spined telsons

Spines fixed Spines movable

Bentuk Alat Kelamin Betina Udang Bentuk Alat Kelamin Jantan Udang
Kingdom : Animalia
Filum : Arthropoda
Kelas : Crustacea
Sub Kelas : Malacostraca
Ordo : Decapoda
Family : Penaeidae
Genus : Penaeus
Species : Penaeus latisulcatus

Kingdom : Animalia
Filum : Arthropoda
Sub Filum (Kelas) : Crustacea
Kelas : Malacostraca
Ordo : Decapoda
Family : Penaeidae
Genus : Penaeus
Species : Penaeus monodon
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Malacostraca
Order Stomatopoda
Family Gonodactylidae
Genus :
Lysiosquilla
Erugosquilla
Harpiosquilla
Oratosquilla
Species
1) L. scabricauda
2) E. grahami
3) H. harpax
4) O. oratoria
Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798)
Panulirus polyphagus (Herbst, 1793)
Panulirus versicolor (Latreille, 1804)
Udang Barong
LOBSTERS
SCYLLARIDAE
Thenus orientalis (Lund, 1793)
Udang pasir
 sponge is a member of the phylum Porifera. It is a simple animal with many cells, but
no mouth, muscles, heart or brain. It is sessile: it cannot move from place to place the way most
animals can. A sponge is an animal that grows in one spot like most plants do. Nevertheless,
sponges are quite successful.

The basic body plan is a jelly-like layer sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Their bodies
are full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them. Most of them feed on
bacteria and other microorganisms. A few of them eat tiny crustaceans.

There are more than 10,000 species of sponge. Most sponges live in the ocean. A few live in
fresh water. All sponges take in water through pores (little holes) in their bodies. The water goes
out through a big tube in the center. Most sponges filter (take out) little bits of food from the
water going through their bodies. Animals that get food this way are called filter feeders.

Sponges are the oldest animals with fossil evidence (from ~635 million years ago)
Blue Caribbean sponge Gray encrusting sponge
Sigmadocia caerulea
Hechtel, 1965
Gelliodes fibrosa Wilson, 1925
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Porifera Class Demospongiae
Class Demospongiae
Subclass Ceractinomorpha Order Haplosclerida
Order Haplosclerida Family Niphatidae
Family Chalinidae
Lobate sponge, Orange sponge
Red-brown branching
Suberites zeteki Sponge Mycale armata
de Laubenfels, 1936 Mycale (Zygomycale) Thiele, 1900
parishii
Phylum Porifera Bowerbank, 1875 Phylum Porifera
Class Demospongiae Class
Order Hadromerida Phylum Porifera Demospongiae
Family Suberitidae Class Demospongiae Order
Order Poecilosclerida
Poecilosclerida
Family Mycalidae
Family Mycalidae
Upside-down jellyfish White-spotted jellyfish
Cassiopea andromeda Phyllorhiza punctata
Forskal, 1775 Von Lendenfeld, 1884

Phylum Cnidaria Phylum Cnidaria

Class Scyphozoa Class Scyphozoa
Order Rhizostomeae Order Rhizostomeae
Family Cassiopeidae Family Magistiidae
 Zoanthid, small size like human finger:

phylum Cnidaria,
Class Anthozoa,
Sub class Hexacorallia
Ordo Zoantharia.
Zoanthid, it has nematocyst (penyebab
gatal), builds reef include hydroid, soft coral,
fire coral (karang api), anemone and jelly
fish.
Christmas tree hydroid, Pennaria disticha
Goldfuss, 1820
Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa
Order Hydroida, Family Halocordylidae
Snowflake coral, Carijoa riisei Orange-striped sea Anemone
(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) Diadumene lineata
(Verrill, 1869)
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa Phylum Cnidaria
Subclass Octocorallia Class Anthozoa
Order Telestacea
Family Telestidae
Order Actinaria
Family Diadumenidae
 bentuk-bentuk
morfologi koloni karang
sering disebut
Lifeform karang
Karang bercabang (Coral branching)
Karang Meja (Tabulate)
Karang keras, bulat atau otak (Massive)
Karang jamur (Mushroom)
Karang Daun (Foliose)
Karang api (Millepora)
Karang lunak (Soft coral)