Module 4 (Part 1)

FIRE
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this discussion, you should be able to:
1. understand the elements of fire.

2. identify the qualifications for a fire safety inspector
or a plan evaluator in accordance with the Fire
Code of the Philippines;
2. explain the importance of acquiring an FSIC for a
building;
3. distinguish the types of fire safety equipment
4. apply the concepts of fire protection in the design
of a building project.
FIRE
Fire is defined as the active principle of burning, characterized
by the heat and light of combustion. It is composed of three
elements which are typically termed as the fire tetrahedron or
the fire triangle, namely: fuel, oxygen, and heat.
FIRE TRIANGLE
The fire triangle is a simple way
of understanding the elements
of fire. The sides of the triangle
represent the interdependent
ingredients needed for fire:
heat, fuel and oxygen.
FUEL
This is defined as any kind of
combustible material characterized by
its moisture content, size, shape,
quantity and the arrangement in which
it is spread over the landscape.
The moisture content determines how
easily it will burn.
FUEL
OXYGEN
This supports the chemical processes
that occur during fire. Oxygen makes
up the 21 percent of air in which most
fires require at least 16 percent oxygen
content to burn.
When fuel burns, it reacts with oxygen
from the surrounding air, releasing heat
and generating combustion products
i.e. gases, smoke, embers; this process
is known as oxidation.
HEAT
A heat source is responsible for the
initial ignition of fire, and is also needed
to maintain the fire and enable it to
spread.
Heat allows fire to spread by drying out
and preheating nearby fuel and
warming surrounding air.
Fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and
combined in the right mixture.
A fire can be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of

the elements in the fire triangle.
For example, covering a fire with a fire blanket blocks oxygen

and can extinguish a fire. In large fires where firefighters are
called in, decreasing the amount of oxygen is not usually an
option because there is no effective way to make that happen in
an extended area. As a rule of thumb, extinguishing at least one
element in the fire triangle would likely put out the fire.
FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
The Fire Code of the Philippines is a standard reference for fire-safety features
that needs to be complied in all buildings pertinent to their compliance in the
National Building Code of the Philippines.
The Fire Code of theHPhilippines is enacted by the Republic Act 9514 (RA9514)
M
which defines an act establishing a comprehensive Fire Code of the Philippines
that is administered and enforced under the direct supervision and control of
the Chief of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP).
Chief of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
One of the specific authority of the Chief of BFP is to issue fire safety
inspection certificate (FSIC) as a pre-requisite to the grants of permits and
licenses by the local governments and other government agencies concerned
i.e. building permit, occupancy permit.
H M
Aside from this, the Chief of BFP has the authority to designate fire safety
inspectors (FSI) who shall conduct inspections of every building or structure
within their area of responsibility, prior their approval for the said FSIC. No
occupancy permit nor business permit shall be issued without securing a Fire
Safety Inspection Certificate (FSIC).
Retrieved from:
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Fire Safety Inspectors (FSI)
As an FSI, it is their duty to inspect any building, structure, or facility to ensure

compliance of the Fire Code of the Philippines within their area of responsibility.
They also assess compliance with the fire safety requirements, identify and
recommend corrective
H actions for any violation, defect, or deficiency M
and inform
the owner or the building administrator and its occupants of such actions to
comply with the provisions of the Fire Code of the Philippines.
How to become an Fire Safety Inspectors (FSI)?
You must be a licensed engineer: civil, electrical, mechanical, chemical, sanitary,

and electronics and communication; or an Architect with at least one year in the
BFP service; or a graduate of any baccalaureate degree course with at least
three years in the BFP service.
H M
They should also have completed Fire Arson Investigation and Inspection Course
(FAIIC) or have undergone at least forty hours of relevant seminars and
workshops on the Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 and other relevant fire
safety practices.
Non-licensed and non-engineering graduate must pass the
written fire safety inspection examination conducted by the
BFP.
TWO GENERAL CATEGORIES FOR FIRE PROTECTION
H M
TWO GENERAL CATEGORIES FOR FIRE PROTECTION
H M

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Module 4 (Part 1)

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FIRE

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this discussion, you should be able to:

1. understand the elements of fire.

A fire can be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of

For example, covering a fire with a fire blanket blocks oxygen

As an FSI, it is their duty to inspect any building, structure, or facility to ensure

You must be a licensed engineer: civil, electrical, mechanical, chemical, sanitary,

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