Manual FTIR SPECTRUM TWO II Perkin-Elmer
Manual FTIR SPECTRUM TWO II Perkin-Elmer
Manual FTIR SPECTRUM TWO II Perkin-Elmer
SPECTRUM TWO
User’s Guide
Release History
Any comments about the documentation for this product should be addressed to:
User Assistance
PerkinElmer Ltd
Chalfont Road
Seer Green
Beaconsfield
Bucks HP9 2FX
United Kingdom
Notices
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Except as specifically set forth in its terms and conditions of sale, PerkinElmer makes no
warranty of any kind with regard to this document, including, but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
PerkinElmer shall not be liable for errors contained herein for incidental consequential damages in
connection with furnishing, performance or use of this material.
Copyright Information
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.
All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever or
translated into any language without the prior, written permission of PerkinElmer, Inc.
Trademarks
Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not specifically marked as such,
are protected by law.
• Introduction
• Maintenance
• Appendices.
NOTE: This manual shows details for using your instrument with the Spectrum software
package (version 10.3 or later). If you have Spectrum ES or AssureID software,
please refer to the Administrator’s Guide for your software, which can be found on
the Spectrum Two Manuals CD (part number L1050242), or refer to the on-screen
Help.
For further information on collecting, viewing and processing spectra using Spectrum
software, refer to the help file that you can access from the Help menu, or by clicking Help
on a dialog.
Introduction . 7
We use the term WARNING to inform you about situations that could result in
personal injury to yourself or other persons. Details about these
circumstances are in a box like this one.
WARNING
Warning (Warnung)
Bedeutet, daß es bei Nichtbeachten der genannten Anweisung zu einer
Verletzung des Benutzers kommen kann.
Warning (Advarsel)
Betyder, at brugeren kan blive kvæstet, hvis anvisningen ikke overholdes.
Warning (Peligro)
Utilizamos el término WARNING (PELIGRO) para informarle sobre
situaciones que pueden provocar daños personales a usted o a otras
personas. En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este
tipo de circunstancias.
Warning (Danger)
Nous utilisons la formule WARNING (DANGER) pour avertir des situations
pouvant occasionner des dommages corporels à l'utilisateur ou à d'autres
personnes. Les détails sur ces circonstances sont données dans un encadré
semblable à celui-ci.
Warning (Pericolo)
Con il termine WARNING (PERICOLO) vengono segnalate situazioni che
potrebbero provocare incidenti alle persone. Troverete informazioni su tali
circostanze in un riquadro come questo.
Warning (Waarschuwing)
Betekent dat, wanneer de genoemde aanwijzing niet in acht wordt genomen,
dit kan leiden tot verwondingen van de gebruiker.
Warning (Aviso)
Significa que a não observância da instrução referida poderá causar um
ferimento ao usuário.
Warning (警告)
我们使用“警告”这一术语来通知您有关可能会对您自己或他人造成人
身伤害的情况。
有关这些情况的详细信息可在此类方框中找到。
Warning (警告)
使用者及びその他周辺に危害が及ぶ恐れがある場合は、
この様なボックスの中に注意事項が表示されています。
Introduction . 9
We use the term CAUTION to inform you about situations that could result in
CAUTION serious damage to the instrument or other equipment. Details about these
circumstances are in a box like this one.
Caution (Achtung)
Bedeutet, daß die genannte Anleitung genau befolgt werden muß, um einen
Geräteschaden zu vermeiden.
Caution (Bemærk)
Dette betyder, at den nævnte vejledning skal overholdes nøje for at undgå en
beskadigelse af apparatet.
Caution (Advertencia)
Utilizamos el término CAUTION (ADVERTENCIA) para advertir sobre
situaciones que pueden provocar averías graves en este equipo o en otros. En
los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de
circunstancias.
Caution (Attention)
Nous utilisons le terme CAUTION (ATTENTION) pour signaler les situations
susceptibles de provoquer de graves détériorations de l'instrument ou
d'autre matériel. Les détails sur ces circonstances figurent dans un encadré
semblable à celui-ci.
Caution (Attenzione)
Con il termine CAUTION (ATTENZIONE) vengono segnalate situazioni che
potrebbero arrecare gravi danni allo strumento o ad altra apparecchiatura.
Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.
Caution (Opgelet)
Betekent dat de genoemde handleiding nauwkeurig moet worden opgevolgd,
om beschadiging van het instrument te voorkomen.
Caution (Atenção)
Significa que a instrução referida tem de ser respeitada para evitar a
danificação do aparelho.
Caution (小心)
我们使用“小心”这一术语来通知您有关可能会对
本仪器或其它设备造成严重损害的情况。
有关这些情况的详细信息可在此类方框中找到。
Caution (注意)
分光器や他の機材等に深刻なダメージを与える恐れがある場合は、
この様なボックスの中に表示しています。
10 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Warnings and Safety
Information
12 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Overview
This chapter describes the general safety practices and precautions that must be observed
when operating the Spectrum Two FT-IR spectrometer.
This advice is intended to supplement, not supersede, the normal safety codes in the user's
country. It is also a supplement to the PerkinElmer standard Safety and Health Policy. The
information provided does not cover every safety procedure that should be practiced.
Ultimately, maintenance of a safe laboratory environment is the responsibility of the analyst
and the analyst's organization.
Please consult all manuals supplied with the Spectrum Two and accessories before you start
working with the instrument. Carefully read the safety information in this chapter and in the
other manuals supplied. When setting up the instrument or performing analyses or
maintenance procedures, strictly follow the instructions provided.
Warnings and Safety Information . 13
Safety Summary
The Spectrum Two FT-IR spectrometers have been designed to comply with a wide variety of
international standards governing the safety of laboratory equipment. In routine use, the
instruments pose virtually no risk to you. If you take some simple, common-sense
precautions, you can make sure that you maintain the continued safe operation of your
instrument:
• DO make sure that the power supply is properly connected to the electrical supply; in
particular make sure that the ground (earth) is securely connected.
• DO disconnect the electrical power cable before opening any ports or covers on the
instrument, unless otherwise directed in the maintenance procedures described in this
manual, or in Spectrum, Spectrum ES or AssureID software.
• DO NOT open the main instrument cover. There are no user-serviceable parts inside the
main cover, and tampering with the seal will invalidate your warranty.
• DO keep the instrument dry. Avoid spilling liquid onto the instrument. Clean all external
spills immediately.
• DO NOT use a flammable gas to purge the instrument. The instrument contains a hot
source, and a fire or explosion will result. Only use clean, dry, oil-free nitrogen or air to
purge the instrument.
• DO read the more detailed information on warnings and safety in the following pages to
ensure the safe operation of the instrument.
14 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
General Safety
The Spectrum Two FT-IR spectrometers have been designed and tested in accordance with
PerkinElmer specifications and in accordance with the safety requirements of the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The instruments conform to IEC publication
61010-1 (“Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use”) and therefore meets the requirements of EC low voltage directive
2006/95/EC.
If the instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection
provided by the instrument may be impaired. Only use the instrument under the following
environmental conditions:
Temperature 0 °C to 50 °C
Relative Humidity 90% maximum (non-condensing)
WARNING
Electrical safety
• Connect the instrument power supply to a power outlet that includes a switch or other
means of disconnection from the electricity supply.
• Only plug the instrument power supply into a socket power outlet that is provided with
a protective earth connection.
• The instrument must be disconnected from all voltage sources before it is opened for
any adjustment, replacement, maintenance or repair, unless otherwise directed in the
maintenance procedures described in this manual, or in Spectrum, Spectrum ES or
AssureID software.
Only connect equipment that meets the requirements of IEC 61010-1, IEC 60950 or
equivalent standards.
Warnings and Safety Information . 15
The power supply adaptor has been designed to be safe under the following environmental
conditions:
• Indoor use
• Ambient temperatures of 0 °C to 50 °C
If it is necessary to fit a plug on the power cable supplied, use the wire color code below:
Optical radiation
The instrument complies with the requirements of the Artificial Optical Radiation Directive
2006/25/EC.
16 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
The spectrometer has a connector that enables the sample compartment to be purged using
clean, dry, oil-free air or nitrogen. The recommended flow rate is 4 L/min. It also has two
connectors that enable the instrument body to be purged. The recommended flow rate is
2 L/min.
The sample compartment purge vents to its surroundings. The instrument purge outlet can
be connected with tubing to vent outside the working environment, for example to a fume
cabinet.
Warning.
A warning label is attached to the source compartment (Figure 1). Refer to Replacing the
Source on page 106.
A warning label is attached to the desiccant compartment and near the instrument purge
inlet port (Figure 2). Refer to Changing the Desiccant on page 98 or to Purging the
instrument on page 103, as applicable.
EMC Compliance
European EC Directive
The Spectrum Two spectrometers have been designed and tested to meet the requirements
of the EC Directive 2004/108/EC.
The instrument is connected to a PC, either point-to-point (USB 2.0 or Ethernet), over a
network, or via a wireless network using the optional wireless router.
The Spectrum software supplied enables you to control the instrument and to manipulate the
spectra that you collect. The spectrometers can operate in ratio, single-beam, or
interferogram mode.
An Overview of the Spectrum Two . 21
Optical system
The optical system is under the main cover of the instrument. The instrument is sealed at the
factory, and the main cover of the instrument should not be opened.
The system is purged and sealed at the factory. A supply of desiccant placed within the
system removes any water vapor and carbon dioxide that may enter. The unique humidity
shield design (part of the OpticsGuard™ system) protects the spectrometer from
environmental conditions, meaning it can be used in more challenging environments. In
addition, the internal humidity sensor, in conjunction with the Humidity Shield feature in
Spectrum software, warns you when the desiccant needs changing. Refer to Humidity Shield
on page 83 for further information.
In the Spectrum Two FT-IR spectrometer, KBr or ZnSe windows separate the sample
compartment from the purged optical system.
You can purge the sample compartment with clean, dry, oil-free air or nitrogen. Either one
removes water vapor; however, nitrogen is preferable because it also removes atmospheric
carbon dioxide.
Sample compartment
The instrument has a versatile, purgeable sample compartment (Figure 4) located at the
front of the instrument. Open the sample compartment by lifting the cover using the recess
at the front.
Slide holder
The infrared beam enters the sample compartment through a window on the left. After
passing through the sample, it enters the detector area through a window on the right side
of the sample compartment.
Take care not to scratch the windows when installing accessories or using
sample tools.
Standard accessories are mounted on a baseplate. The standard baseplate has a slide holder
that can be fitted at two positions, fixed by a single screw (Figure 5).
The slide holder has two slide positions that enable you to insert a sample and a J-stop card
for measurements at high resolutions.
For more information on using the J-stop cards, see Changing the Resolution on page 79.
An Overview of the Spectrum Two . 23
The Power on LED on the front of the instrument will light green when the instrument is
connected to mains power and is switched on (Figure 6).
Power ON
LED
NOTE: The Spectrum Two spectrometer is usable within 15 minutes of being switched on
after being switched off overnight. However, if your instrument has recently been
transferred from a much colder environment, it is advisable to run a background
spectrum before every sample for the first couple of hours of use.
Portability
The compact and robust design of the Spectrum Two means that the instrument can be
easily transferred between environments. The simple user-installation, and fast warm-up
time, means that the instrument can be set up quickly. The range of accessories available
help you to move your analysis out of the laboratory. Optional wireless connectivity enables
portable PC control, and the multiple power options enable you to use your spectrometer
with, or without, external mains power (Figure 7).
NOTE: The battery pack can also be used as an uninterruptable power supply (UPS).
The Portability Pack includes a battery pack and 12 V car auxiliary port adaptor, spectrometer
carry case and a wireless router kit. The individual components of the Portability Pack are
also available separately. Refer to Optional parts on page 113.
24 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Accessories
There is a range of optional sampling accessories available for the Spectrum Two FT-IR
spectrometer that fit in the sample compartment, including:
It is easy to remove an accessory and replace it with another. Refer to Changing the
Sampling Accessory on page 45. For the baseplate-mounted accessories, a coded connector
on the baseplate plugs into a socket on the rear wall of the sample compartment. The
instrument identifies the type of accessory and automatically updates the instrument
settings.
NOTE: Several third-party accessories are also available for the Spectrum Two, including the
Pike MIRacle ATR and the Specac Sliver Gate ATR. Those pre-mounted on a
baseplate will also be recognized by the Spectrum software, and details of the
accessory will be stored in the header information of any spectra collected.
Gas cells with NaCl, KBr or CaF2 windows are available. You will require the universal gas cell
mount (10 cm), which is inserted into the slide holder.
NOTE: For slide-holder mounted accessories, you can select a Sampling option from the
drop-down list on the Setup Instrument basic tab in Spectrum software.
26 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Applications Packs
You can purchase a number of packs designed to help you with specific application areas.
Analysis Packs
The Analysis packs include accessories, consumables and Spectrum Touch™ software.
Requirements
NOTE: Read the warnings and safety information chapter in this manual before you install
the instrument. It contains important information.
Electrical requirements
The Spectrum Two power supply adaptor can operate on electricity supplies of 50 or 60 Hz
and in the 100 to 230 V range without any adjustment.
If possible, do not connect the instrument to circuits that have heavy-duty equipment
connected, such as large motors.
If possible, do not use photocopiers, discharge lamps, radio transmitters, and other
equipment with large or frequent transient loads on the same supply circuit.
Environment
To obtain the best performance from your instrument:
• Make sure that the bench top is free from vibration or mechanical shocks.
• Do not position the instrument in direct sunlight as this may cause overheating.
• The area near the PC must be free of strong magnetic fields, direct sunlight, and
heating or cooling units or ducts.
Unpacking and Installation . 29
Specifications
Specification Value
Weight Approximately 13 kg
Laser Class 1
Take great care when installing your Spectrum Two FT-IR spectrometer,
CAUTION and follow the procedures described in this manual. If you require
further assistance, go to www.perkinelmer.com/SpectrumTwoSupport.
1. Remove the items from the box, and check that all the following parts are present:
2. Carefully remove the instrument from the shipping container, but not from the bag in
which it was shipped.
Retain the original packaging in case you need to ship the instrument to a new location.
3. When the spectrometer has been allowed to warm to the temperature of its
surroundings, remove it from the bag and place it on the bench where it is to be used.
Ensure that you can reach the rear of the spectrometer to enable you to connect the
cables.
NOTE: Do not connect your instrument to the PC using the USB cable provided until you
have run the software installation wizard.
The Spectrum Two spectrometer is supplied with a USB 2.0 cable and a mains power supply
adaptor with a DC connector (Figure 9). The mains power cord supplied will depend on your
region.
Spectrometer
connector
PC connector
DC power
connector
USB 2.0 cable
Mains power
Mains power adaptor
cord connector
• Using the supplied USB 2.0 cable to connect directly to the PC.
This is the preferred method for direct connection to the spectrometer. The instrument
will be configured automatically when you start Spectrum software.
• Over a wireless network using the PerkinElmer-configured wireless router (part number
L1600246, not supplied with the spectrometer).
The optional wireless router enables you to locate your spectrometer away from the PC.
This facilitates use of the spectrometer inside a fume cabinet or in a manufacturing
environment.
Once you are connected to the instrument using the PerkinElmer FT-IR Wireless
network, the instrument will automatically be configured on starting Spectrum software.
The features on the rear of the spectrometer are shown in Figure 10.
A B C D E
Port/LED Use
A USB port This is the standard interface between the PC and the
instrument.
C EXT DETECTOR This port enables to you power the optional wireless router,
accessory alignment tool, or connect an external accessory.
port
NOTE: For more details of the port connector types, refer to Appendix 1: Connector Details
on page 116.
34 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
NOTE: If you wish to connect to your instrument using an Ethernet cable, you will need to
configure the PC network adaptor. We recommend that you do this before installing
your software.
Spectrum and Spectrum ES software applications are available in German, English, Spanish,
French, Italian, Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese and Simplified Chinese. The software
language displayed is determined by the Region and Language settings defined for the
operating system on the PC.
During the Spectrum software installation you will be provided with USB and wireless
connection instructions (Figure 11). Connect your instrument to the mains power, and then
set up your USB or wireless connection. For other connection methods, you do not need to
connect up your instrument at this point. Refer to Connecting the spectrometer to the PC
using the USB cable on page 36 or Connecting the spectrometer to the PC using the wireless
router on page 38, as applicable.
NOTE: If it is necessary to fit a different plug on the power cord to the one supplied, refer to
Electrical safety starting on page 14.
1. Ensure that your instrument is located near an appropriate mains power outlet.
2. Connect the cable from the power supply adaptor to the 18 V DC port on the rear of the
instrument (Figure 12).
Diagnostic 18 V DC power
LED adaptor port
Power adaptor
connector
3. Connect the region-specific mains power cable provided to the power supply adaptor,
and connect it to the mains power supply.
Power ON
LED
Your instrument will initialize and will then be ready to communicate with the PC. This will
take approximately 2 minutes. During the initialization procedure the diagnostic LED on the
rear of the instrument appears yellow as the instrument runs a series of self-checks. At the
end of the initialization period, the diagnostic LED will flash orange.
36 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Before connecting your spectrometer to the PC you must install Spectrum, Spectrum ES or
AssureID software.
NOTE: Once your instrument has been set up in one software application it will be available
for use by all PerkinElmer FT-IR software installed on the PC.
For Spectrum and Spectrum ES software, only connect the USB cable when prompted by the
software Installation Wizard.
If you are using AssureID as stand-alone software, and have not previously installed
Spectrum with Spectrum Two Installation Type, you will need to install the drivers for the
USB connection. Refer to the AssureID Administrator’s Guide (part number L1050019) for
more information.
Unpacking and Installation . 37
The following procedure describes connection using the USB 2.0 cable supplied with your
instrument for Spectrum or Spectrum ES software:
1. When prompted by the Spectrum software installer, plug one end of the USB 2.0 cable
provided into the USB port on the rear of the instrument (Figure 14).
USB port
2. Plug the other end of the cable into a USB 2.0 port on your PC.
3. Click Test USB on the USB and Wireless Connection Instructions dialog.
The software checks that the USB drivers have installed correctly and the result is
displayed (Figure 15).
You are now ready to start Spectrum software. The first time you log on to Spectrum with a
Spectrum Two instrument connected to the PC via a USB cable, the instrument is installed
and configured automatically.
NOTE: For AssureID, install the USB drivers, connect your spectrometer as shown in
Figure 14, start AssureID, and then run the Instrument Install Wizard (see page 44).
Refer to the AssureID Administrator’s Guide (part number L1050019) for more
information.
NOTE: If you are powering your instrument using the optional Spectrum Two Battery Pack
(part number L1600233), powering the wireless router will reduce the runtime of the
battery.
2. Connect the wireless router to the EXT DETECTOR port at the rear of the spectrometer
using the cable supplied (part number L1602706), as shown in Figure 16.
POWER port
EXT DETECTOR port
3. Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to the ETHERNET port on the rear of the
spectrometer and the other end to one of the ports numbered 1 to 4 on the rear of the
router (Figure 17).
Do not use the blue port labeled INTERNET on the wireless router.
Port 4
ETHERNET port
Figure 17 Ethernet cable connected to Port 4 on the wireless router and the
Spectrum Two
4. Connect the cable from the power supply adaptor to the 18 V DC port on the rear of the
instrument (Figure 18).
Diagnostic 18 V DC power
LED adaptor port
Power adaptor
connector
5. Connect the Spectrum Two power supply cable to the mains power.
6. Ensure that the Power ON LED on the front of the Spectrum Two is lit green.
For more information on powering up your spectrometer, refer to Connecting the
spectrometer to the electrical supply on page 35.
40 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
7. Ensure that the POWER LED on the front of the wireless router is lit green (Figure 19).
The DIAG LED will be lit red while the router initializes.
8. Wait for the DIAG LED on the router to go out and ensure that the WIRELESS LED is lit
(Figure 20).
WIRELESS LED
DIAG LED
9. Switch on your PC and then connect to the PerkinElmer FT-IR Wireless network.
You will need to enter the network security key provided on the side of your router.
You are now ready to start your software application. The first time you log on to Spectrum
with a Spectrum Two instrument connected to the PC via a wireless connection, the
instrument is installed and configured automatically for you.
NOTE: For AssureID, connect your spectrometer as described in steps 1–9, start AssureID,
and then run the Instrument Install Wizard (see page 44). Refer to the AssureID
Administrator’s Guide (part number L1050019) for more information.
NOTE: Although you can have more than one instrument on the wireless network, providing
that each instrument has a unique IP address, you can only connect to one
spectrometer at a time. PerkinElmer FT-IR software does not support simultaneous
connection to multiple instruments on the same PC.
Refer to the Administrator’s Guide for your software for a full procedure.
42 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
2. Plug one end of an Ethernet cable into the ETHERNET port on the rear of the
instrument (Figure 22).
Ethernet port
Ethernet cable
3. Plug the other end of the cable into an Ethernet port on your PC.
You are now ready to start Spectrum software. The first time you log on to Spectrum with a
Spectrum Two instrument connected to the PC using an Ethernet cable, the instrument is
installed and configured automatically for you.
NOTE: For AssureID, configure the PC network adaptor, connect your spectrometer as
shown in Figure 22, start AssureID, and then run the Instrument Install Wizard (see
page 44). Refer to the AssureID Administrator’s Guide (part number L1050019) for
more information.
1. Assign the instrument a unique IP address that is compatible with your network using
the Set IP Address Utility.
To run the utiliity, double-click Set IP Address, which is found in C:\Program Files\
PerkinElmer\ServiceIR or C:\Program Files (x86)\PerkinElmer\ServiceIR.
NOTE: The TCP/IP address of the PC must be compatible with the instrument’s IP address
so that you can connect to the instrument using the Set IP Address utility. Refer to
Connecting the spectrometer to the PC using an Ethernet cable above.
Select your instrument from the drop-down list. The default IP address of the
instrument is 167 . 116 . 185 . 71.
You can then assign a new IP address for the instrument.
Unpacking and Installation . 43
When using a network, the TCP/IP port of the PC will normally obtain an automatic
address from a DHCP server. To communicate with the instrument over a network, the
instrument must have a compatible network address.
A subnet mask of 255 . 255 . 0 . 0 means that the first two parts of the instrument IP
address must match the network IP address given to the PC by the DHCP server.
If, for example, the IP address of your PC is 195 . 112 . 170 . 255 and the subnet mask
is 255 . 255 . 0 . 0, then your instrument IP address must be 195 . 112 . x . x.
Refer to the Administrator’s Guide for your software for a full procedure.
2. Plug one end of an Ethernet cable into the ETHERNET port on the rear of the
instrument (Figure 23).
Ethernet
port
Ethernet cable
3. Connect the other end of the Ethernet cable to the network router.
4. Add the instrument to the software using the Instrument Install Wizard, entering the IP
address of the instrument when prompted.
44 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
If you have AssureID software, select Configure Instruments from the Configure
Instruments and Accessories group on the Tools menu.
The Instrument Install Wizard starts.
OR
If you have Spectrum or Spectrum ES software, select Add Instrument from the
Instruments group on the Setup menu.
The Instrument Install Wizard starts.
Details of the Instrument Install Wizard can be found in the Administrator’s Guide for
your software, which can be found on the Spectrum Two Manuals CD.
Unpacking and Installation . 45
1. If you are installing a UATR, you will need to remove the sample compartment cover
(Figure 24), if fitted.
Open the cover, raise it to the vertical position and then lift it upwards, clear of the
instrument.
Store the cover in a safe place for future re-use.
Sample
compartment
cover
Slide holder on
baseplate
2. Remove the current sampling accessory by pulling the baseplate of the accessory
towards you (Figure 25).
3. If you are installing a UATR, pivot the accessory on the ledge at the front of the sample
area (Figure 26a), and then tip it backwards (Figure 26b). Push it firmly, ensuring that
the top of the accessory connects properly with the lid of the instrument.
If the accessory is pivoted too far forward on the sample area ledge it will not move
correctly into position.
NOTE: Ensure that the transit block that secures the UATR pressure arm during transport
has been removed. You may also need to remove the covers on the left and right
sides of the accessory, and the top plate dust cover.
(a) (b)
Figure 26 Installing the UATR accessory
OR
For other baseplate-mounted accessories, drop the accessory baseplate gently onto the
ledge (Figure 27) and then slide it horizontally into the sample compartment.
Push the accessory firmly to ensure that the connector on the rear of the baseplate
engages properly with the spectrometer connector.
Slide accessory
into connector
Spectrum automatically recognizes which accessory is installed, and displays the accessory
information on the Setup Instrument tabs.
For information on using your accessory, refer to the User’s Guide supplied with your
accessory. For PerkinElmer Spectrum Two accessories, these can be found as pdf files on the
Spectrum Two Manuals CD (part number L1050242).
48 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Before moving the spectrometer, switch off the power supply, and
disconnect the power cable.
WARNING
The spectrometer can be lifted using the shaped handholds on its sides, as shown in
Figure 29.
NOTE: Refer to Appendix 3: Decontamination and Cleaning on page 118 for more
information.
When moving your spectrometer between environments, be aware that the KBr sample
compartment windows fitted in some Spectrum Two FT-IR spectrometers, although coated to
prevent damage by small amounts of condensation, may be damaged by large amounts of
condensation build-up in the rim of the windows.
Although the Spectrum Two spectrometer is usable within 15 minutes of being switched on
after being switched off overnight, if your instrument has recently been transferred from a
much colder environment it is advisable to run a background spectrum before every sample
for the first couple of hours of use.
Getting Started with
Spectrum Software
50 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Overview
This section describes some of the basic functionality available in Spectrum software. It will
guide you through the process, from when you start Spectrum software to when you export
your data, directing you to additional information where applicable.
• Familiarize yourself with the Spectrum customizable workspace and the additional user
assistance that is available: on-screen Help and Tutorials
NOTE: The Spectrum Two spectrometer is usable within 15 minutes of being switched on
after being switched off overnight. However, if your instrument has recently been
transferred from a much colder environment, it is advisable to run a background
spectrum before every sample for the first couple of hours of use.
2. From the Start menu select Programs; the PerkinElmer Applications group; the
Spectrum sub-group and then the Spectrum application.
OR
3. If required, enter your User name and Password, and then click OK.
The default user name and password are Administrator and administrator, respectively.
If you already have an instrument set up in Spectrum or AssureID software for this user
on this PC, the Instrument Connection dialog may be displayed, unless Auto-Connect is
set up for the instrument. If Auto-Connect is enabled, Spectrum will automatically
connect to the instrument.
NOTE: We recommend that you create a new user and password the first time you log on to
Spectrum.
52 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
4. Select the Instrument you want to use and then click Connect.
OR
If you want to work with data that has been collected previously, without connecting to
an instrument, select work offline.
Spectrum starts.
The first time you connect to your instrument the Component Checks will run.
5. When the Component Checks are complete, if there are no errors click OK.
You are now ready to collect data.
If a problem is identified, refer to Component Checks on page 81 for more information.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 53
F
B
G
I
Figure 30 Spectrum window
• The Viewing Area (C), in the center, where spectra or results are displayed.
• The Data Explorer (B), on the left, which you use to manage your spectra.
• The Dialog Pane (E), at the bottom, which you use to adjust parameters or enter
information when, for example, setting up your instrument.
NOTE: You can also click and drag the edge of a pane to resize it.
Viewing Area
The Viewing Area (C) is a tabbed display. The tabs displayed depend on whether you have
an individual spectrum displayed, or whether you have selected a folder of spectra, known as
a Samples View, in the Data Explorer. Tabs may be added that show the results of some
processes, such as Compare, Search and Quant.
During scanning, the Live tab – which shows the spectrum in real time – may be displayed.
54 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Data Explorer
Data Explorer (B), on the left, which you use to manage your spectra.
The item(s) selected in the Data Explorer will be displayed in the Viewing Area.
You can also use the Data Explorer to access the Sample Table, which enables you to set up
multiple samples for data collection.
Navigation Pane
The Setup options are the same as the Setup menu items. The Equations and Spectral
Libraries options on the Navigation Pane enable you to see a list of the available equations
and libraries, respectively.
You can reorder the shortcuts in the Navigation pane so that those you use most often are
easier to access. Simply drag-and-drop the shortcut to a new position.
Dialog Pane
The Dialog Pane (E), at the bottom, which you use to adjust parameters or enter information
when, for example, setting up your instrument or a Compare processes.
The contents of the Dialog Pane reflect the shortcut selected in the Navigation Pane.
Global Toolbars
At the top of the workspace are the Global toolbars (A), which include the File bar and the
Measurement bar (displayed by default), and the optional Instrument Settings bar.
NOTE: The Spectrum toolbars can be individually customized, and new toolbars can be
added. For more information, refer to the Spectrum on-screen Help and the tutorial
Customizing Toolbars. These can be accessed from the Help menu.
Graph Toolbars
If the Graph or Samples View tab is displayed, you can see the local Graph toolbars. The
Graph bar (G) contains some tools that enable you to change how data is displayed in the
graph, and the Process bar (H) enables you to access shortcuts to processes that enable you
to manipulate your data.
NOTE: The Spectrum toolbars can be individually customized, and new toolbars can be
added. For more information, refer to the Spectrum on-screen Help and the tutorial
Customizing Toolbars. These can be accessed from the Help menu.
Information Pane
Below the graph in the viewing area is the Information Pane (D). This shows a curve selector
if you have selected a Samples View in the Data Explorer or, if an individual spectrum is
selected, shows the results for that spectrum.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 55
Status Bar
The Status Bar (I) located at the bottom of the workspace shows user information,
messages, and the current status of the instrument.
To open the Help file, select Contents from the Help menu. This menu also includes links to
on-screen tutorials (Tutorials), and information about the software (About).
Scanning Samples
When you connect to your Spectrum Two, the instrument settings will default to appropriate
values for your instrument and accessory. These should be suitable for most applications.
The default scan range is 4000 to 450 cm−1.
The Measurement bar (Figure 33) displayed by default at the top of the workspace includes
the tools you need to collect a spectrum from a sample. You can also select these commands
from the Measurement menu.
1. If you want, enter a unique Sample ID and Description for the sample on the
Instrument Settings toolbar.
Alternatively you can use the Autoname function to enter a unique Sample ID and
Description for each scan. The default Sample ID is [User name]_nnn, but you can
configure this on the Setup Instrument Data Collection tab. For more information, see
the Spectrum on-screen help.
2. If a background scan is required, the Scan button includes a small background flag.
Clear the instrument beam path, or insert a suitable background material, and then click
NOTE: If Preview is selected on the Measurement toolbar; the spectrum will be displayed on
the Live tab in the Viewing Area. This live spectrum will be automatically updated,
but no data will be collected. This enables you to verify that your sample is suitable
or, if using an ATR accessory, that there is good contact between the sample and the
crystal. When you are happy with the spectrum, click to begin collecting data.
If, for any reason, you want to stop scanning your sample, click .
58 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
If you want to change any of the default instrument settings, select Instrument from the
Setup menu to display the Setup Instrument tabs. For more information see Instrument
Settings on page 78.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 59
Quality Checks
Quality Checks identify possible problems in the collected spectrum and suggest ways of
improving the measurement.
Quality Checks can be selected on the Setup Instrument Advanced tab (Figure 35). Simply
select the Quality Checks that you want to perform from the list in the Setup Instrument
Advanced tab and, if required, adjust the threshold Range using the slider bars to suit your
application.
To display more information about an individual test, double-click on its name in the list to
display the Quality Checks Help.
When you collect your spectrum, the selected tests are performed as the data is collected
and a signal light (green , amber , or red ) indicates the result.
Caution There is a problem that you may want to investigate to improve the
quality of the spectra you are collecting.
Warning There is a serious problem that you should attempt to solve before
collecting further spectra.
60 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
The result is displayed in the Results Table, and in the Information Pane for an individual
spectrum. For example, the Quality Checks reported multiple warnings for the spectrum shown in
Figure 36.
To see which Quality Checks passed and which identified a problem, select the History tab of the
spectrum in the Viewing Area and refer to the Quality Checks section of the tab (Figure 37).
Figure 37 History tab showing the results of the individual Quality Checks
For each check that failed, refer to the Quality Checks Help for suggestions on how to stop it
occurring again.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 61
Processing Spectra
To process your data in Spectrum software, ensure that the spectra you wish to process are
selected in the Data Explorer and then select the appropriate option from the Process menu
(Figure 38).
When the spectra have been processed, if the process generated new spectra they will be
added to the Data Explorer with _n appended to the name to create a unique Sample ID.
Spectra created by processing are not saved automatically. For more information, see Saving
spectra on page 72.
NOTE: For full details of each process, refer to the Spectrum on-screen Help.
Spectral correction
Several processes in Spectrum enable you to adjust your spectra after data collection. For
example, there are commands for the conversions of ordinate units, such as: Absorbance,
Transmittance, Kubelka–Munk and Convert X.
62 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
You can also correct for baseline slope in your spectra. In Spectrum you can do this in two
ways: using an automatic baseline correction, or using an interactive baseline correction
(i-baseline) that enables you to define base points for the conversion (Figure 39).
Identification
Several processes in Spectrum can be used to help identify your sample.
Peak Table
The results of a peak table can be used to compare peaks with another sample – for
example, one published in a pharmacopoeia. The results of the process are displayed on the
Peak Table tab in the Viewing Area (Figure 40).
Select Peak Detection from the Setup menu to display the Setup Peak Detection tab
and define the thresholds and the algorithm used to identify the peaks.
NOTE: You can also add peak labels to the spectrum using the same thresholds using the
Label Peaks option on the View menu.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 63
Compare
The Compare process estimates similarity between spectra by comparison with a reference
spectrum or spectra, and is used to confirm the identity of a sample. The results are
displayed on the Compare tab in the Viewing Area (Figure 41).
In this example, the spectrum has been confirmed to be the same as the reference
spectrum, where the Correlation was defined at 0.98. The Correlation result is greater than
0.99, where 1.00 would mean that the spectra were identical.
NOTE: For an example of a Report generated showing the Compare results, refer to
Reporting on page 76.
The parameters used in the Compare process are defined on the Setup Compare tabs.
Select Compare from the Setup menu to display the Setup Compare tabs.
On the Setup Compare References tab (Figure 42) you can load a single spectrum file or a
folder of spectra. Then set the Correlation and/or Discrimination thresholds to define the
Pass/Fail result.
Correlation expresses the degree of similarity between the spectra, where 1 is identical, and
0 is wholly unrelated. Discrimination ensures that the closest match is sufficiently separated
from the next closest match. Its value is the difference in the Correlation values of the first
two results on the Compare tab.
Only files or folders with Include enabled will be used in the Compare.
On the Setup Compare Parameters tab (Figure 43) you can define a limited wavelength
range of your spectrum to be compared with the reference spectrum or spectra, and apply
filters that try to eliminate differences in spectra that are not related to differences in the
sample, such as differences between instruments or environmental condition. Refer to the
Spectrum on-screen help for more information.
NOTE: The Comparing Spectra tutorial worked example compares the results of a spectra
subtraction (using the Difference process) to a reference spectrum.
Search
The Search process is used to confirm the identity of an unknown sample by comparison with
a reference library or spectra. The results are displayed on the Search tab in the Viewing
Area (Figure 44).
In the upper left quadrant the name of your source spectrum or spectra are displayed, with
the Search Best Hit. In this example the Best Hit was acetophenone. For each source
spectrum selected, all the results are displayed in the Search Hit list. If you want to select an
alternative Search Best Hit, you can click Accept as best hit.
The best hit spectra are displayed in a graph below the Source Spectra Search Results, in the
lower left quadrant of the Search tab.
NOTE: You can also use the Search process for a Mixture Search. Refer to the Spectrum
on-screen help for more information.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 65
The parameters used in the Search process are defined on the Setup Libraries and Search
tabs.
Select Search from the Setup menu to display the Setup Libraries and Search tabs.
Select which folders or files are available as Spectral Libraries on the Setup Spectral Libraries
tab (Figure 45), and specify which of the available spectral libraries should be included in the
Search Process. Only files or folders with Include enabled will be used in the Search.
On the Setup Search Parameters tab (Figure 46), enter the maximum number of best hits to
display in the Search tab when a Search process is run. By default your spectrum is
compared with each reference spectrum over the range where the spectra overlap. But if you
are particularly interested in a region select a User defined range, and/or if you want to
exclude regions from the spectra, enter the appropriate Start and End values in the Blank
Regions section.
The Libraries available in Spectrum are listed in the Spectral Libraries section of the
Navigation Pane. Double-click on the library icon to administer your library (for user-defined
libraries you can add or remove spectra), or to view information about the library or spectra
(Figure 47). For example, you can view any properties associated with a particular spectrum
or the image of a structural unit.
NOTE: The Search tutorial provides an example of using the Search process to identify an
unknown contaminant in a sample.
Quantification
Peak Area/Height
Use the Peak Area/Height process to produce a table of the peak areas and/or peak heights
for your spectrum or spectra. You can process spectra individually, or select a spectrum on
which to define the parameters that will be used for a number of spectra.
The height can be defined at a point (Height), or as the maximum height between two
points (Max Height). The Bases section enables you to define the baseline that is used
when determining the peak area or height.
When the Peak Area/Height process is run, the results are shown on the Peak Table tab
(Figure 40).
Quant
The Quant process is used to quantify properties of a sample by using one or more Quant
methods created using the Spectrum Quant Builders. The Spectrum Quant Builder software
enables you to build a method using a set of standard spectra that you have collected. Once
the method has been built and then validated in the Quant Builder software, it can be used
to quantify a component in your sample spectrum.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 67
The results are displayed on the Quant tab in the Viewing Area (Figure 49), and in the
Results table. In this example, the Prediction Property calculated by the Beer’s Law algorithm
was FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) concentration in % v/v.
In the upper left quadrant your source spectrum or spectra are displayed, with the Quant
prediction results. For each source spectrum selected, more information is shown in the
Details section.
For each sample, the source spectrum and any spectra generated as part of the analysis are
displayed in the graph below the Quant results, in the lower left quadrant of the Search tab.
The Quant methods used in the Quant prediction are defined on the Setup Quant Methods
tab:
Select Quant from the Setup menu to display the Setup Quant tabs.
Select which Quant methods are available on the Setup Quant Methods tab (Figure 50), and
specify which of the available methods should be included in the Quant prediction. Only files
or folders with Include enabled will be used to process the spectra.
More information about the method selected is shown in the Quant Method Setup dialog
(Figure 51):
On the Setup Report Defaults tab (Figure 52), select which prediction results will be
displayed for each algorithm type in the Results Table when a Quant prediction is run.
Equations
A list of the available Equations is displayed on the Setup Equations tab. The Equations are
also added to the Equations sub-menu of the Process menu.
To add a new Equation, select Equations from the Setup menu to display the Setup
Equations tab, and then select Add.
The Equation tab will be displayed (Figure 53).
You can type in an equation, or click on items in the Operators, Functions or Variables
lists. Each function has a number of required or optional arguments. A tooltip will be
displayed when you enter a function to show you the correct syntax. The first argument is
often <spectrum>, which if set to All will be applied to all spectra selected, but you can
Browse to select a specific spectrum.
Any results in the Results table will be available as Variables, as well as the pathlength set
on the Setup Pathlength tab. In this way you can add numeric custom columns in the Sample
Table for your spectra and these entries will be available for use in equations.
When you have finished entering your equation, you can click Check to verify your equation.
NOTE: The Macros tutorial provides an example of using an Equation to calculate the area
of a peak.
70 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
The Results formatting tab enables you to define Pass / Fail criteria and select how the result will
be displayed. For example, you can color the cell in the Results Table green if the result is a Pass.
Select Equations in the Navigation Pane and then select the appropriate icon.
OR
Select the Equation on the Setup Equations tab, and then click Settings.
To run the equation, select the spectrum or spectra you want to process in the Data
Explorer, and then select the equation from the Equations sub-menu of the Process menu.
Macros
As well as performing the individual process commands you can combine these to create a
workflow or Macro. Macros can also include Instrument Setup (Figure 55) and Data
Collection, and export and reporting commands to enable you to structure your analysis from
setting the instrument parameters to generating your results.
NOTE: Refer to the Macros tutorial and the on-screen Help for more information.
Scanalyze
As well as Macros, you can use the Scanalyze feature in Spectrum to scan a spectrum and
then immediately process it using the Compare, Quant or Search options. During multiple
accumulations, the results are displayed and then updated as the data collection progresses.
The Compare, Quant and Search processes must first be set up using the appropriate Setup
menu option.
NOTE: You must have a valid background for the Scanalyze option to be available.
72 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Saving spectra
All spectra in Spectrum software are saved to *.sp format by default.
To find out if a spectrum has been saved, refer to the Results Table (if a Samples View is
selected) or the Information Pane. Spectra that are not saved are marked by a red cross.
In Figure 57 the original spectra have been saved to disk, but the processed spectrum, with
_1 appended, has not.
• Using the Save, Save As and Save All options from the File menu
Auto-Save Spectra
In Spectrum software, Auto-Save is selected by default (Figure 58). This will save your
spectra to the folder specified after each measurement.
The default Save Location, here C:\pel_data\spectra, was defined during the software
installation. If you wish to change the location, or deselect this option, refer to the Setup
Instrument Data Collection tab.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 73
Save will save the selected spectrum, or the spectra in the selected Samples View, to the
current default save location.
Save As displays a dialog for the spectra selected that enables you to change the file name
and the destination directory (Figure 59). You can also change the default save location for
all spectra.
Save All displays a dialog similar to that shown in Figure 59, but listing all the spectra open
in Spectrum.
Save Binary
Use the Save Binary option in the graph to save the spectrum as a *.sp file. Select a curve
and then right-click to display a context menu. Select Save Binary, and then browse to a
save location.
Exporting spectra
You can export spectra in several ways:
• Using the context menu in the Viewing Area (ASCII format only).
You can export your spectra to csv format, JCAMP-dx, ASCII, or a custom format. The
settings for the Custom Defined Format are selected on the Setup Export tab. Refer to the
Spectrum on-screen Help for more information.
74 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Auto-Save Export
If you select Export on the Setup Instrument Data Collection tab, your spectra will be
exported to the location specified after each measurement (Figure 60).
The default Save Location, here C:\pel_data\spectra, was defined during the software
installation. To select this option, or to change the default save location, refer to the Setup
Instrument Data Collection tab.
Export
You can export your spectra at any time using the Export option from the File menu. The
Export Data dialog displayed lists the selected spectrum or the spectra in the selected
Samples View (Figure 61). You can enter a file name and the destination directory, and then
choose the file format the spectra will be exported to.
Save ASC
Use the Save ASC option in the graph to save the spectrum as an ASCII file (*.asc). Select a
curve and then right-click to display a context menu. Select Save ASC, and then browse to a
save location.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 75
Send To
The Send To option (Figure 62) sends the contents of the current window to the selected
application.
Figure 62 Send To
To see the options on the Send To menu, you must have the appropriate software installed
on your PC. To see the Send to Email option, you first need to set up your email account
settings on the Setup Email tab.
NOTE: If you cannot see the Word or Excel option, but you do have Microsoft® Office
installed on your PC, refer to the Spectrum Administrator’s Guide (part number
L1050095) for troubleshooting information.
You can also use the Send To menu to send your data to Bio-Rad’s KnowItAll Informatics
System®, if you have the software installed.
Select Export and Email from the Setup menu, and then select the Setup Email tab.
When you select Send To Email, the contents of the current window are added to an email
form as an attachment. You can then enter the recipient’s email address, type your message
and add any additional attachments before sending the message.
76 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Reporting
You can generate a report of your data in two ways:
NOTE: Reports are also generated using customized templates for Instrument Verification
Checks and Ready Checks. See Ready Checks and Instrument Verification on page 87
for more information.
Report
You can generate a report of your results at any time using the Report option from the File
menu (Figure 64).
You can generate a report as *.rtf (rich text format) or *.pdf (portable document format)
files and then save the report to a file, print it, or attach it to an email.
NOTE: To see the Email Report option you must set up your email account settings on the
Setup Email tab.
The default Folder for Reports, here C:\pel_data\reports, was defined during the software
installation. To change the default location, browse to a new folder.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 77
Reports are generated using a template. You can select the sections you want to include in
your report on the Report Template tab. The items listed depend on the template selected.
In the example shown in Figure 65, we have included the spectrum and the Compare results.
NOTE: You can also create a report as part of an Output step in a Macro. See the Macros
tutorial and the Spectrum on-screen help for more information.
Printing
The Print and Print Preview options from the File menu send the contents of the current
window displayed to the printer. Print Preview enables you to change your Page Setup, such
as the paper size and orientation, before printing.
Instrument Settings
If you want to change any of the default instrument settings, use the Setup Instrument tabs.
Select Instrument from the Setup menu to display the Setup Instrument tabs.
To amend any value, select the parameter and then enter your new value, or select a
value from the drop-down list.
On the Setup Instrument Basic tab you can set the Start and End points of the scan range
(by default in wavenumbers, but the abscissa units can also be set to nanometers or
microns) and the Accumulations required, either as a number of scans, or as a length of
−1
time. You can also set the Resolution (in cm ).
You can also save and export instrument settings as *.set files for use in an Instrument
Setup step in a Macro, or for transferring instrument settings between compatible
instruments or between PCs, using Load and Save (Figure 66).
Refer to the Spectrum tutorial Setting Up Your Instrument for more information on the
Setup Instrument tabs, or refer to the appropriate topic for each tab in the Spectrum
on-screen Help.
NOTE: The Instrument Settings and Measurement toolbars can be configured to contain any
setting available on the Setup Instrument tabs.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 79
The resolution achievable in the instrument is determined by both the optical path difference
in the interferometer and the beam divergence in the interferometer as seen by the detector.
The Spectrum Two spectrometer has a slot in the double-sided slide holder that enables you
to insert a J-stop card before the sample (Figure 67).
J-stop cards set the upper limit to the resolving power (wavenumber/resolution) of the
instrument by limiting the beam divergence. Hence, to achieve a resolution defined by the
optical path difference (for example, 2 cm−1), as specified by the Resolution on the Setup
Instrument Basic tab, a certain beam divergence is required and this is dictated by a given
J-stop aperture diameter. J-stop cards are provided with Spectrum Two to enable 4, 2, 1 and
0.5 cm−1 resolutions at 4000 cm−1.
At a given wavenumber, the smaller the J-stop aperture, the finer the resolving power
(assuming we are not limited by the optical path difference scanned by the interferometer).
Hence, at 4000 cm−1 the 4 cm−1 J-stop card has a given diameter to deliver a resolving
power of 1000. However, this same diameter may be used achieve 2 cm−1 at 2000 cm−1 or
1 cm−1 at 1000 cm−1, providing that the optical path difference (set by the Resolution
setting in the software) is set up appropriately. This can be useful where higher resolution is
needed for low-energy situations, where it is only required to achieve resolutions up to lower
wavenumber ranges. For example, using a 4 cm−1 J-stop to deliver 2 cm−1 resolution to
2000 cm−1 only can enable higher signal-to-noise to be achieved (or permit shorter scan
times) than using the 2 cm−1 J-stop card which would deliver 2 cm−1 resolution to 4000 cm−1.
For normal operation at 4 cm−1 resolution as defined in the software, the Spectrum Two
optics are designed to deliver an approximately 4 cm−1 instrument lineshape and specified
wavenumber calibration without the use of the 4 cm−1 J-stop card (assuming the sample is
not acting to restrict the beam). However, when highest wavenumber accuracy in direct
transmission measurements is required, we recommend use of the optional AVI function with
the 4 cm−1 J-stop card installed. This ensures the purest lineshapes at higher wavenumbers.
NOTE: This assumes the sample is not restricting the beam and itself forming an effective
J-stop. For highest accuracy work, we recommend to always ensure the sample is
larger than the J-stop diameter.
80 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
If you change the Resolution (cm−1) in Spectrum software with the slide holder installed in
the sample compartment, a message will be displayed on the Setup Instrument BeamPath
tab, and in the Status Bar, prompting you to insert one of the J-stop cards in the slide holder,
or to remove any external J-stop card (Figure 68).
The J-Stop size selected and the Resolution will be recorded as part of the Instrument
Settings on the History tab of the spectrum. See the Spectrum on-screen help for more
information.
NOTE: For accessories other than the Slide Holder, you cannot insert a J-stop card.
Therefore, increasing the resolution (resolution values below 2 cm−1) decreases the
J-Stop Wavenumber, the maximum wavenumber at which you can achieve that
resolution.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 81
Component Checks
The Component Checks are run automatically the first time you connect to the instrument.
You can select to run component checks each time you connect to the instrument, on
demand, or after a scheduled number of days on the Setup Laboratory Actions tab in the
Laboratory Scheduler. Refer to the Spectrum on-screen Help for details.
If the Component Checks identify that a user-maintainable part needs to be replaced, for
example the source or desiccant, a link to the appropriate Replacement Wizard will be
displayed (Figure 70). The Replacement Wizard will provide step-by-step instructions for
replacing the part. Refer to the relevant section in Maintenance, starting on page 95, for
more information.
If the Component Checks identify a problem that may require investigation by a PerkinElmer
Service Representative, refer to www.perkinelmer.com/SpectrumTwoSupport for assistance.
If your PerkinElmer Service Engineer requires the log files created during the Component
Checks, these are located at:
OR
for Windows XP/Windows 7 (32-bit) or Windows 7 (64-bit), respectively, where “C:” is the
drive on which Spectrum software is installed.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 83
Humidity Shield
The humidity shield displays the current internal humidity of the spectrometer as measured
by the humidity sensor inside the instrument.
If the humidity of your instrument reaches high or critical levels, the humidity sensor will
display a warning message on the Status bar.
The expiry date of the desiccant is based on the date the desiccant was last changed. It
gives an indication of when the desiccant is expected to expire in normal conditions (up to
five years). However, if your spectrometer is used or stored in an environment that has high
levels of humidity you are advised to use the Humidity Shield to check the humidity of your
instrument more frequently.
To replace your desiccant you must use the Desiccant Replacement Wizard:
Press the Power On button on the front of the instrument (Figure 73) for approximately
2 seconds until the LED turns from solid green to solid yellow.
If you are connected to the instrument in Spectrum software, the Setup Instrument tabs
Measurement menu and the Scan toolbars will be disabled.
NOTE: If you use the Power button to put the instrument in low-power mode, the
instrument will not be under software control. Consequently, any scheduled Power
Save mode event in Spectrum software will not occur until after you have manually
repowered the instrument.
Press the Power button on the front of the instrument for approximately 2 seconds until
the LED turns green.
The instrument will take a couple of minutes to initialize. When the initialization is
complete, and if you were connected to the instrument previously, the Setup
Instrument tabs and Scan toolbars will be available.
86 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Select Laboratory Scheduler from the Setup menu, and then select the Setup Power
Save tab (Figure 74).
Enter the Power On and Power Off times for each day.
The instrument will enter Power Save mode at the scheduled time.
NOTE: Shortly before the instrument enters Power Save mode, a message will be displayed.
You then have the option to postpone the event for up to 2 hours.
The instrument’s internal clock is synchronized with the last PC to make a connection. To
update the clock, either after manually changing the PC time, or after an event such as
Daylight Savings Time, connect to the instrument using either Spectrum, Spectrum ES or
AssureID.
When the instrument is placed in Power Save Mode the LED on the front of the instrument
will flash yellow to indicate that the instrument will start up again at the scheduled time.
Power on event
At the scheduled time, or if the Power On button is pressed, the LED turns from flashing
yellow to solid green. The instrument will then take a couple of minutes to initialize. When
the initialization is complete, and if you were connected to the instrument previously, the
Setup Instrument tabs and Scan toolbars will be available.
NOTE: If you use the Power button on the front of the instrument to put the instrument in
low-power mode, the instrument will not be under software control. Consequently,
any scheduled Power Save mode event in Spectrum software will not occur until after
you have manually repowered the instrument.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 87
• Component Checks, which check that the components of your instrument are working.
For more information refer to Component Checks on page 81.
You are advised to run these each time you start your instrument.
• Ready Checks, which check that your system – that is, instrument and accessory – are
fit-for-purpose.
You are advised to run appropriate Ready Checks before starting your sample analysis.
For the Contamination Check, this would be before preparing each sample.
A Ready Check is specific to the current instrument configuration.
• Instrument Verification, which provides basic checks to determine that your instrument
is performing within parameters.
These tests should be performed according to the working practices of your laboratory,
but usually weekly, or monthly, would be appropriate.
Ready Checks
A Ready Check demonstrates that an aspect of the performance of your complete system,
including sampling accessory, is fit-for-purpose. When defining tolerances for Ready Checks,
you should consider what the definition of that is for your individual application.
88 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
To run the tests, select Instrument Checks and then Ready Checks from the
Measurement menu, and then select the Ready Check you want to run.
You can run the ready checks individually or run all the Ready Checks selected on the
Setup Ready Checks tab using the Run Selected option. Follow the instructions
on-screen.
• The Quant Control Check enables you to verify your Quant Method before scanning your
samples. The concentration of a control sample is calculated using the Quant Method,
and compared with the known concentration. If it is within limits defined during setup,
the check passes.
• The Abscissa Check collects a background spectrum and then collects the spectrum of a
polystyrene reference sample (either using the polystyrene reference in the filter wheel,
or a polystyrene reference inserted in the slide holder). It then measures the
wavenumber at the specified peaks. If the wavenumber value is within the tolerances
defined during setup, the check passes.
• The Throughput Check collects a spectrum and measures the ordinate value at each of
the specified abscissa positions. If the measured ordinate value is above the lower limit,
the check passes.
• The Noise Check collects two background spectra and then measures the RMS (%T)
and Peak-to-Peak (%T) noise over a range and report the baseline Trend. If the values
are within limits defined during setup, the check passes.
At the end of the tests a report will be generated (by default) containing the results.
Refer to the Spectrum on-screen help for more information on setting up Ready Checks.
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 89
Instrument Verification
You can run the basic Instrument Verification Checks without changing any settings.
However, you can select further tests and modify the default values for each test.
NOTE: Before performing any Instrument Verification tests you should remove any sampling
accessory from the beam path. If your instrument does not have an internal filter
wheel, then you will need the slide holder inserted in the beam path.
To run the tests, select Instrument Checks and then Instrument Verification Checks
from the Measurement menu.
Follow the instructions on-screen.
You can run up ASTM Level 0 tests, or tests that comply with the requirements of several
national pharmacopoeias. Refer to the Spectrum on-screen help for more information on
setting up Instrument Verification Checks.
90 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
This routine is more powerful than simple subtraction, overcoming the following issues:
When CO2/H2O is switched on, the software uses a single reference spectrum derived from
high-resolution data and our understanding of the instrument to model the lineshape, then
finds the current real instrument parameters by least-squares fitting to the measured
spectrum.
−1
Figure 79 Correction of an MIR spectrum at 4 cm resolution
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 91
AVI Correction
If available for your current instrument and sampling configuration, AVI correction can be
selected on the Setup Instrument Advanced tab in Spectrum (Figure 80).
Although FT-IR spectrometers use a reference laser, the wavenumber calibration and
lineshape are affected by differences in beam divergence and uniformity. This is true for all
FT-IR spectrometers. Differences can occur between instruments, when using different
sampling accessories and when components are changed. AVI enables calibration and
lineshape to be maintained.
The Absolute Virtual Instrument is an instrument with theoretical performance, such that the
result of measuring a known sample on such an instrument can be predicted. So, if we
measure with a real instrument and calculate the software transform to match the theoretical
result, we can apply this transform to future measurements.
When AVI is switched on, the software measures the current instrument profile relative to an
absolute standard (a methane cell) and an ideal lineshape function, and applies a correction.
92 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
−1
Figure 81 Spectra of methane at 4 cm resolution as measured (top) and with
AVI (bottom)
AVI correction can only be performed if an AVI Calibration has been set up for the current
configuration and resolution.
AVI Calibration
NOTE: AVI calibration uses a methane gas cell (part number L1250462) inserted in the slide
holder. It is particularly useful for highest accuracy quantitative transmission
measurements. You will not be able to perform an AVI correction if you have a
sampling accessory, for example a universal ATR, installed in the sample
compartment.
OR
Select AVI from the Adjustments Toolbox, accessed via the Setup Instrument
Advanced tab.
Follow the instructions on-screen. For further information, refer to the Spectrum
on-screen Help file.
Figure 82 AVI Calibration dialog prompting the user to insert the methane cell
Getting Started with Spectrum Software . 93
If you want to continue working with the same data, or to collect more samples listed in your
Sample Table, you can resume your session next time with all your data loaded. If you
choose not to reload your data, you can make sure that any unsaved data is saved to the
appropriate default location you chose at installation.
To exit Spectrum:
OR
Overview
This section covers the maintenance that can be carried out by a user.
It describes:
NOTE: You must use the appropriate Replacement Wizard in Spectrum, Spectrum ES or
AssureID software to replace the source, desiccant or sample compartment windows,
as described in this section. During the maintenance procedure, the internal
temperature of the instrument is maintained to prevent the ingress and condensation
of water vapor, which could damage the optics.
Maintenance . 97
Avoid spilling liquid into the instrument. Clean all external spills immediately.
98 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
The desiccant change interval is set in the Desiccant change due in (days) option on the
Setup Instrument BeamPath tab in Spectrum software (Figure 83).
If the desiccant change due date has passed, a warning will be displayed in the Status Bar
and in the table on the Setup Instrument BeamPath tab.
The warning is displayed until you update the software that the desiccant has been changed.
To reset the desiccant change interval, select the current value, click Changed to clear any
warning messages.
You may also be prompted to change your desiccant during the Component Checks.
To replace the desiccant, you will require the desiccant replacement kit (part number
L1600244). The kit contains a wrench and two bags: one large and one small.
Inspect the humidity indicator card in the plastic bag containing the larger of the two bags. If
the card is pink it indicates moisture in the bag, and you should discard the desiccant pack.
Only use the replacement desiccant bag if the indicator is blue.
Old, used desiccant releases moisture and can cause high humidity
levels inside the instrument resulting in catastrophic failure of KBr optics.
CAUTION
Do not use damaged packs of desiccant. Make sure that the packs you
use have not been left in contact with the air.
Maintenance . 99
The instrument must be switched on and you must be connected to the instrument in
Spectrum, Spectrum ES or AssureID software. You can start the Desiccant Replacement
Wizard from the Adjustments Toolbox or, if the Component Checks identify high humidity as
a problem, by selecting Run Desiccant Replacement Wizard on the dialog. You can also
start the wizard by clicking Replace desiccant on the Humidity Shield dialog.
NOTE: In AssureID software, the Adjustments Toolbox is available from the Configure
Instruments and Accessories group on the Tools menu.
2. Select the Setup Instrument Advanced tab and then click Toolbox.
The Adjustments Toolbox dialog is displayed.
100 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
3. Click .
The Desiccant Replacement Wizard is displayed.
When you have the completed the procedure the Desiccant change due in (days) is reset
automatically to 1800 days.
Maintenance . 101
Instrument purge
outlet port
Sample area
purge connector
Instrument purge
inlet port
Cable clip
Although connections are provided, under most circumstances you should not purge the
optical system. The Spectrum Two instrument was purged and then sealed after
manufacture. To purge the instrument you will need to break the seal on the instrument,
which will invalidate your instrument warranty.
You can purge with either dry air or nitrogen. Both remove water vapor; however, nitrogen is
preferable because it also removes atmospheric carbon dioxide.
A typical cylinder of dry nitrogen (or dry air) stores 6.26 m3 at 1.4 × 104 kPa (220 ft3 at
2200 lbf/in2). Make sure that the gas is free of oil, water, or dirt particles larger than 25 µm
(0.001 inch).
WARNING Oxygen depletion in an enclosed space does not trigger a gasping reflex,
and errors of judgment, confusion, or unconsciousness can occur in
seconds and without warning.
Never connect the purge tubing directly to a gas cylinder or other high
pressure supply; always use a pressure regulator and set the pressure to
a maximum of 6.9 kPa (1 lbf/in2) before you start the flow.
WARNING
2. Disconnect the instrument from the mains power and then remove any cables
connected to the rear of the spectrometer.
4. Carefully, turn the instrument over to display the underside, placing the instrument on a
soft surface.
6. Feed the tubing through the opening in the instrument baseplate, through the tubing
clip and then push the end of the tubing onto the barbed purge connector.
NOTE: Ensure the regulator is set to a pressure not greater than 6.9 kPa (1 lbf/in2).
8. Open the gas flow valve on the regulator until a flow rate of 4 L/minute
(0.14 ft3/minute) is achieved.
It will take about 2 minutes to fully purge the sample compartment.
9. When you have finished work, turn off the gas supply.
10. Disconnect the fitting from the instrument, if required, by easing the tubing off the
purge connector.
Maintenance . 103
The Spectrum Two instrument was purged and then sealed after
manufacture. The bolts in the instrument purge connection ports are
CAUTION marked with tamper-proof paint. If you break the seals on the
instrument you will invalidate your instrument warranty. DO NOT
proceed unless you fully understand the implications of doing so.
To connect the instrument purge you will need the optional Instrument Purge Kit
(part number L1600234). The kit contains tubing, two extenders and right-angled
connectors, pliers and two blanking plugs to block the connectors when you have finished
purging.
2. Disconnect the instrument from the mains power and then remove any cables
connected to the rear of the spectrometer.
4. Carefully turn the instrument over to display the underside, placing the instrument on a
soft surface.
6. Using an M5 hexagonal key, unscrew and remove the bolt in the inlet port (Figure 86).
Retain the bolt for future use.
Instrument purge
inlet port
7. Screw one of the straight connectors supplied into the instrument purge inlet port and
tighten using the pliers supplied with the kit (Figure 87).
8. Screw one of the right-angled connectors supplied into the inlet port and tighten using
the pliers (Figure 88).
10. Push the end of one piece of tubing onto the right-angled connector as shown in
Figure 89.
11. Connect the free end of the inlet tubing to the gas regulator.
NOTE: Ensure the regulator is set to a pressure not greater than 6.9 kPa (1 lbf/in2).
12. Repeat steps 6–10 to connect the other piece of tubing to the instrument purge outlet
port (Figure 90).
Although you must remove the bolt from the outlet port before passing gas through the
inlet port, it is not necessary to connect the outlet tubing if you do not need to vent the
gas outside the operating environment.
13. Feed the purge outlet tubing through the tubing clip and the outlet port and position it
to vent to a suitable location (for example, a fume hood).
14. Open the gas flow valve on the regulator until a flow rate of 2 L/minute
(0.07 ft3/minute) is achieved.
It will take about 10 minutes to fully purge the instrument optics.
15. When you have finished work, turn off the gas supply.
16. Release the tubing from the instrument purge inlet port and, if fitted, from the purge
outlet port.
To release the tubing, pull back the spring fitting on the connector and then gently pull
the tubing out.
17. For a temporary seal, fit the blanking bolts supplied into the right-angled connectors.
OR
If you have finished purging your instrument, replace the bolts you removed in Step 6.
NOTE: If you have mislaid the bolts fit the blanking bolts instead, then contact PerkinElmer
Customer Care to obtain replacements.
106 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
To replace the source, the instrument must be switched on and you must be connected to
the instrument in Spectrum, Spectrum ES or AssureID software. You can start the Source
Replacement Wizard from the Adjustments Toolbox or, if the Component Checks identify
Source Failure as a problem, by selecting Run Source Replacement Wizard on the dialog.
NOTE: In AssureID software, the Adjustments Toolbox is available from the Configure
Instruments and Accessories group on the Tools menu.
The source element is brittle and can be broken if not handled properly.
Be careful when removing and installing the source.
CAUTION
Before starting the source replacement procedure, ensure that you have
the source replacement kit available to minimize the amount of time that
the source compartment is open.
2. Select the Setup Instrument Advanced tab and then click Adjustments Toolbox.
The Adjustments Toolbox dialog is displayed.
Maintenance . 107
3. Click .
The Source Replacement Wizard is displayed.
5. When you have completed the procedure, we recommend that you run the Component
Checks to confirm that your instrument is working correctly.
6. Allow the source temperature to stabilize for approximately 2 hours before using the
instrument.
NOTE: If you are using the AVI correction, you will need to run a new AVI calibration after
replacing the source.
108 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Installing/Replacing Windows
The Spectrum Two spectrometer is available with two types of sample compartment window:
KBr for an extended scan range and ZnSe for higher-humidity environments. The hygroscopic
KBr windows may become opaque over time. ZnSe windows are not hygroscopic, and you
should only need to replace them if they are broken.
To replace the windows you will require the appropriate window replacement kit: part
number L1600241 for KBr windows or L1600242 for ZnSe windows. The window replacement
kits contain two replacement windows with seals, one for each side of the sample
compartment, and a 1.5 mm hexagonal wrench.
WARNING
The instrument must be switched on and you must be connected to the instrument in
Spectrum, Spectrum ES or AssureID software.
NOTE: In AssureID software, the Adjustments Toolbox is available from the Configure
Instruments and Accessories group on the Tools menu.
2. Select the Setup Instrument Advanced tab and then click Toolbox.
The Adjustments Toolbox dialog is displayed.
3. Click .
The Window Replacement Wizard is displayed.
NOTE: Alternatively, the filter is washable in water. Ensure it is thoroughly dry before
replacing it in the instrument.
2. Disconnect the instrument from the mains power and then remove any cables
connected to the rear of the spectrometer.
4. Carefully, turn the instrument over to display the underside, placing the instrument on a
soft surface (Figure 91).
Main board
compartment
5. Using a Philips-type, PZ No 1 screwdriver, undo the screws securing the main board
compartment cover to the instrument and remove the cover (Figure 92).
Retain the screws and store in a safe place.
The main board contains static-sensitive devices. Do not touch the main
CAUTION board or electrical components when changing the main board air filter.
Used filter
9. Replace the compartment cover, and secure with the screws retained in Step 2.
Ensure that the white main board cable shown in Figure 95 is not trapped when you
replace the compartment cover, but passes through the cut-out in the instrument
housing.
White cable
NOTE: If the compartment cover is not orientated correctly you will not be able to insert all
the screws.
Maintenance . 113
Additional Parts
The following optional parts, replacement parts and upgrades are available:
Optional parts
Replacement parts
Upgrades
Upgrades are installed by a PerkinElmer Service Representative.
C EXT This port enables to you power Female high- +12 V 500 mA
DETECTOR the optional Wireless Router or density 15-way output
connect an external accessory. d-connector;
±CAN-bus; −12 V 100 mA
i-button output
Analog
inputs
±12 V max.
1K5 ohm
0V
Macros are supplied with Spectrum software (version 10.3 or later) that can be used with the
Performance Validation kits to produce a report certifying your instrument.
118 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Decontamination
Alternatively, if you do not have access to the internet contact Customer Care:
If you are located outside these regions, please call your local PerkinElmer sales office for
more information.
Exterior surfaces may be cleaned with a soft cloth, dampened with a mild detergent and
water solution. Do not use abrasive cleaners or solvents.
Appendices . 119
or
A label with a crossed-out wheeled bin symbol and a rectangular bar indicates that the
product is covered by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive and is
not to be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste. Any products marked with this symbol
must be collected separately, and in accordance with the regulatory guidelines in your area.
The objectives of this program are to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the
environment, protect human health, and utilize natural resources prudently and rationally.
Specific treatment of WEEE is indispensable in order to avoid the dispersion of pollutants into
the recycled material or waste stream. Such treatment is the most effective means of
protecting the customer’s environment.
The requirements for waste collection, reuse, recycling, and recovery programs are set by
the regulatory authority at your location. Contact your local responsible person (such as your
laboratory manager) or authorized representative for information regarding applicable
disposal regulations.
See the PerkinElmer web address below for information specific to PerkinElmer products, and
contact details for the Customer care department in your region.
http://las.perkinelmer.com/OneSource/Environmental-directives.htm
Products from other manufacturers may also form a part of your PerkinElmer system. These
other manufacturers are directly responsible for the collection and processing of their own
waste products under the terms of the WEEE Directive. Please contact these manufacturers
directly before discarding any of their products.
Consult the PerkinElmer web site (above) for manufacturer’s names and web addresses.
120 . Spectrum Two User's Guide
Index
A G
About This Manual ........................... 6 Guided Tour .................................. 20
Accessories ................................... 25 Communications Ports ................ 23
ATR ........................................... 25 Optical System ........................... 21
Changing ................................... 47 Power Switch ............................. 23
DRIFT ........................................ 25 Sample Compartment ................. 21
FASR ......................................... 26
HATR ......................................... 25 H
Applications Packs ......................... 27
Atmospheric Suppression ............... 95 HTML help....................................... 6
AVI Humidity Shield ............................. 88
Calibration ................................. 97
Correction .................................. 96 I
Identification ................................. 67
C Compare .................................... 68
Cleaning...................................... 101 Peak Table ................................. 67
External ................................... 101 Search ....................................... 69
Cleaning the Instrument .............. 124 Installation
CO2/H2O Suppression ..................... 95 Connecting to Electrical Supply.... 37
Connecting to PC (Ethernet)........ 44
Communications Ports ............. 23, 35
Compare ....................................... 68 Connecting to PC (USB) .............. 39
Component Checks ........................ 86 Connecting to PC (WiFi) .............. 41
Connection Methods ...................... 34 Connecting to PC over a Network
Conventions (Ethernet) .............................. 45
Notes, Cautions and Warnings ...... 7 Instrument Install Wizard............ 46
Text ............................................ 7 Software .................................... 36
Instrument Performance Validation Kits
............................................... 123
D
Instrument Settings ....................... 83
Decontamination ......................... 124 Instrument Verification................... 92
Desiccant IPV Kits ....................................... 123
Changing ................................. 102
J
E
J-stop
EMC Changing ................................... 84
Compliance ................................ 18
EC directive................................ 18 L
FCC rules ................................... 18
Environmental Conditions ............... 14 Labels
Equations ...................................... 74 Warning Signs ............................ 17
Exporting Spectra .......................... 78 Lifting Points ................................. 50
F
FCC Rules and Regulations ............. 18
Flammable Solvents and Samples ... 16
Index . 121
S
M
Safety
Macros ......................................... 75 Electrical ................................... 14
Mains Supply Fluctuations .............. 15 General ..................................... 14
Maintenance Location and Ventilation ............. 16
Air Filter ...................................115 Summary................................... 13
Cleaning ...................................101 Use of Flammable Solvents and
Desiccant .................................102 Samples ................................. 16
Overview ..................................100 Use of Nitrogen.......................... 16
Purging ....................................105 Sample Area Cover
Source .....................................111 Removing .................................. 47
Windows ..................................113 Sampling Accessory
Moving the Spectrometer ............... 50 Changing ................................... 47
Lifting Points ............................. 50 Saving Spectra .............................. 77
Scanalyze ..................................... 76
N Search .......................................... 69
SendTo ......................................... 80
Nitrogen ....................................... 16
Shipping Container
Opening .................................... 32
O Software
Optical System Component Checks .................... 86
Stability ..................................... 21 Exit ........................................... 98
Exporting Spectra ...................... 78
P Help .......................................... 61
Humidity Shield.......................... 88
Parts ...........................................118 Installation ................................ 36
Optional ...................................118 Instrument Install Wizard ........... 46
Replacement ............................119 Instrument Settings ................... 83
Upgrades .................................119 Overview ................................... 54
Peak Area/Height .......................... 71 Power Save ............................... 90
Peak Table .................................... 67 Printing ..................................... 82
Power Switch ................................ 23 Processing Spectra ..................... 66
Printing ........................................ 82 Quality Checks ........................... 64
Purging........................................105 Reporting .................................. 81
Gas Regulator Pressure ..... 106, 110 Saving Spectra ........................... 77
Instrument ...............................108 Scanning Samples ...................... 62
Sample Compartment................106 Send To .................................... 80
Spectrum Workspace ................. 58
Q Starting Spectrum ...................... 55
Quant ........................................... 71 Source
Quantification ............................... 71 Replacing .................................111
Equations .................................. 74 Specifications ................................ 31
Peak Area/Height ....................... 71
Quant ....................................... 71 U
Unpacking..................................... 32
R
Ready Checks ............................... 92 W
Reporting ..................................... 81 WEEE Directive ............................125
Requirements ............................... 30 Windows
Electrical ................................... 30 Installing/Replacing ...................113
Environment .............................. 30 Windows Start Menu ..................... 55
Resolution .................................... 84
122 . Spectrum Two User's Guide