FDM Vol. 2 (2nd Edition)

Compiled by Land Transportation Office.
All rights reserved. Applications for reproduction should be made

in writing to Land Transportation Office – Traffic Safety Division.
2nd Edition, 2021
Reference: Land Transportation rules, regulations and special laws
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in
this publication is accurate at the time of production.
Information in this manual is for guidance only.
email at: tsd.ltocentral@gmail.com

Introduction
The prevalent road crashes occurring daily illustrate a

worsening traffic situation in the country today. These greatly
post danger to road users and so the state has to maintain
safety and protection of the public.
This manual is designed as a tool to provide drivers relevant
information to enhance their driving skills and knowledge. First
to remind drivers of the necessary requirements, fees and
charges and timely registration of their motor vehicles.
Second, to update and continuously educate the drivers on the
existing Land Transportation Laws. This would increase the
driver’s awareness on the prevailing traffic rules needed in
putting order on the road.
Lastly, to inform the drivers of the fines and penalties for the
violations of Laws and Regulations Governing Land
Transportation. The tremendous increase of fines and penalties
to a particular violation serve as warning to drivers from
committing such offense.
With this manual, drivers are encouraged to adhere with the
existing transportation laws, rules and regulations which will
help to resolve the deteriorating traffic situation in the country.
Table of Contents
Chapter I Motor Vehicle Registration 1
Chapter II Land Transportation Related

Laws 28
III
Fines and Penalties for
Violations of Laws, Rules and
Chapter Regulations Governing Land 71
Transportation
• Requirements for New Registration
• Requirements for Renewal of Registration

– for All Classifications
• Motor Vehicle Registration Schedule
• Motor Vehicle User’s Charge
• Charges and Other Fees
1
DOCUMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
FOR REGISTRATION
I. INITIAL REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE

REQUIREMENTS WHERE TO SECURE
General Requirements
• Original Sales invoice - Accredited Manufacturer/
Assembler/Importer
/Rebuilder/ Dealer (MAIRD)
• Original LTO copy or electronically - Accredited insurance

transmitted appropriate insurance companies by the Insurance
Certificate of Cover (Third Party Liability) Commission
• Original copy of Philippine National - PNP-HPG MV Clearance
Police - Highway Patrol Group (PNP- Division
HPG) Motor Vehicle (MV) Clearance
Certificate and Special Bank Receipt
(SBR)
• Original Certificate of Stock Reported - Accredited Manufacturer/
(CSR) Assembler/Importer/Rebuild
er/ Dealer (MAIRD)
• Payment Reference Number if payment - LANDBANK Link.BizPortal
is made through e-PAT
Additional Requirements
1. Brand New Motorcycle with Sidecar
(TC)
• Original Affidavit of Attachment for - Owner, mechanic
sidecar executed by the owner and
mechanic stating among other the
date of completion
2. Tax Exempt
• Original duly accomplished Motor - Land Transportation Office
Vehicle Inspection Report (MVIR) District Office / Extension
with Certificate of Compliance to Office, Motor Vehicle
Emission Standard (CCES), if used Inspection Center (MVIC)
imported
• Certified true copy of Release - Department of Trade and
Certificate, if used imported Industry -Fair Trade
Enforcement Bureau (DTI -
FTEB)
• DFA Endorsement - DFA Protocol Office
2
3. Used-Imported
(Exempted from EO 156/877-A)
• One (1) photocopy of Commercial - Country of Origin
invoice / Certificate of Title with
English translation authenticated by
the Embassy
• Original duly accomplished Motor - Land Transportation Office
Vehicle Inspection Report (MVIR) District Office / Extension
with Certificate of Compliance to Office, Motor Vehicle
Emission Standard (CCES) Inspection Center (MVIC)
3.1 Through the No Dollar Importation

- One (1) photocopy of Commercial - Country of origin
invoice of Motor Vehicle or Certificate
of Title issued by the country of origin
- Original / certified true copy of - Department of Trade and
Authority under the No Dollar Industry -Fair Trade
Importation. If no authority, Seizure Enforcement Bureau (DTI -
Proceedings and Notice of Award FTEB)
- Original Affidavit of first and last - Bureau of Customs (BOC)

importation
- Original duly accomplished Motor - Land Transportation Office
Vehicle Inspection Report (MVIR) with District Office / Extension
Certificate of Compliance to Emission Office, Motor Vehicle
Standard (CCES) Inspection Center (MVIC)
- Certified true copy of Release - Department of Trade and

Certificate Industry -Fair Trade
FTEB)
4. Rebuilt Trucks and Buses
(With new or used imported engine
and/or chassis)
• One (1) photocopy of Commercial / - Country of Origin
Sales Invoice from country of origin
• Original Affidavit of Rebuilt executed - Accredited rebuilder

by the accredited rebuilder, stating
among others the date of completion
• Original Certificate of Stock Reported - Operations Division of

(CSR) of rebuilt truck / bus Central Office, Regional
Office
3
• One (1) Certified true copy of DTI – - Department of Trade and

FTEB Endorsement Industry - Fair Trade
FTEB)
• One (1) photocopy of Certificate of - Bureau of Customs (BOC)
Payment issued if parts/ components
are imported
5. Imported Motor Vehicles Acquired
through Public Bidding
• One (1) Certified true copy of Official - Bureau of Customs (BOC)
Receipt evidencing payment of
acquisition cost
• One (1) Certified true copy of the - Bureau of Customs (BOC)

Notice of Award
II. RENEWAL OF MOTOR VEHICLE (MV) REGISTRATION

• LTO Copy and electronically transmitted • Accredited insurance
appropriate insurance Certificate of companies by the Insurance
Cover (Third Party Liability) Commission
• Duly accomplished Original Motor • Land Transportation Office
Vehicle Inspection Report (MVIR) District Office/ Extension Office
• Original copy of Certificate of Emission • Private Emission Testing
Compliance (CEC) Center (PETC)
1. Tax Exempt
• Original Endorsement with control - Department of Foreign Affairs
number (DFA) Protocol’s Office
2. Other Exempt Vehicle (OEV) under
Special Economic Zones
• Original Certification that the Motor - Concerned special economic
Vehicle is still classified as Other zones
Exempt Vehicle (OEV)
4
3. For Hire
• Electronically transmitted franchise - Land Transportation
confirmation (For Motor Vehicles) / Franchising and Regulatory
Provisional Authority (PA) or Board (LTFRB)
Petition for extension of validity duly
received by LTFRB with OR
• One (1) Certified Copy of the valid - Concerned municipal or city
Motorized Tricycle Operator’s government office
Permit with Official Receipt (MTOP)
4. Stolen Recovered
• Presentation of original and - Philippine National Police
submission of one (1) photocopy of (PNP), other law enforcement
the Lifting of General Alarm agencies
the Report of Recovery agencies
the of Alarm Sheet agencies
• Original PNP Crime Laboratory - Philippine National Police

(macro etching report) or National (PNP), National Bureau of
Bureau of Investigation (NBI) Investigation (NBI)
report, fully identifying the motor
vehicle and stating therein the
tampering done on the engine or
chassis, if any
• Original Certificate of re-stamping - Original registering LTO District
in case of tampered engine / Office
chassis
5. Reactivation of Storage
• LTO Copy and electronically - Accredited insurance
transmitted appropriate insurance companies by the Insurance
Certificate of Cover (COC) Commission
• Duly accomplished Original Motor - Land Transportation Office

Vehicle Inspection Report (MVIR) District Office/ Extension Office/
Motor Vehicle Inspection Center
(MVIC)
5
• Original Certificate of Emission - Private Emission Testing Center

Compliance (CEC) (PETC) / Motor Vehicle
Inspection Center (MVIC)
• Original Receipt of Return Plate - Registered Motor Vehicle owner
and Licenses (RRPL)
• If for hire, electronic confirmation of - Land Transportation
valid franchise or PA or extension Franchising Regulatory Board
of validity or Motorized Tricycle (LTFRB) / Concerned municipal
Operator's Permit (MTOP) with or city government office
valid Official Receipt (OR)
III. STORAGE OF MOTOR VEHICLE

• Original Certificate of Registration - Applicant
(CR). In the absence of CR, submit
affidavit of loss
• Motor Vehicle / Motorcycle plates - Applicant
IV. TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP
• Original Philippine National Police - • Philippine National Police -
Highway Patrol Group (PNP-HPG) Highway Patrol Group (PNP-
Motor Vehicle Clearance certificate, HPG) Motor Vehicle Clearance
macro-etching report and Special Bank Division
Receipt Special Bank Receipt (SBR)
• Duly accomplished original Motor • Land Transportation Office

Vehicle Inspection Report (MVIR) (LTO) District Office / Extension
Office, Motor Vehicle Inspection
Center
• LTO copy or electronically transmitted • Accredited insurance
Cover (COC) / Endorsement of Commission
insurance
6
• Original Certificate of Emission - Private Emission Testing
Compliance (CEC) if with renewal Center (PETC)
• One (1) photocopy of any valid - Any issuing government
government issued ID with photo and agency
signature of vendor and vendee
1. Under Bond Motor Vehicle
• Original copy of the electronically - Bureau of Customs (BOC)
transmitted Certificate of Payment
(CP)
• Original Deed of Sale. If registered - Registered Motor Vehicle
under the name of partnership/sole owner
proprietorship or Corporation
/Organization, original Board
Resolution and Secretary's
Certificate indicating authority of
signatory to sell or dispose the
motor vehicle.
2. Motor Vehicles acquired through a

Sheriff’s Certificate of Sale issued
under an Extra-Judicial
Foreclosure Sale
• Original Sheriff’s Certificate of Sale - Appropriate court
• Original Certificate of Registration - - Registered Motor Vehicle

Encumbered (CRE) (In the absence owner, financing institution,
thereof, a certification from the issuing Land Transportation
sheriff that the original copy was Office (LTO) District Office /
not turned over at the time of sale) Extension Office
3. Motor Vehicles acquired through a

Sheriff’s Certificate of Sale through
a Judicial Foreclosure Sale
• Original Sheriff’s Certificate of Sale - Appropriate court

Encumbered (CRE) (In the absence owner, financing institution,
thereof, a certification that the court, issuing LTO District
original copy was not turned over at Office /Extension Office
the time of sale)
7
4. Motor Vehicles acquired through an
Extra-Judicial Foreclosure Sale
Conducted before a Notary Public
• Original Certificate of Registration - - Financing institution, issuing
Encumbered (CRE) (In the absence Land Transportation Office
thereof, a certification from the sheriff (LTO) District Office/
that the original copy was not turned Extension Office
over at the time of sale)
• Original Certificate of Sale - Notary public
5. Motor Vehicles acquired through

Sheriff’s Certificate of Sale Pursuant
to a Money Judgment which has
become final and Executory
• Original copy of the Sheriff’s - Appropriate court
Certificate of Sale
• Original Certificate of Registration - Registered Motor Vehicle
(CR) (In the absence thereof, a owner, financing institution,
certification from the sheriff that the issuing Land Transportation
original copy was not turned over at Office (LTO) District Office /
the time of sale) Extension Office
6. Private Motor Vehicles/Motorcycles

(CR) owner, issuing LTO District
Office / Extension Office
• Original Deed of Sale/ Transfer/ - Registered Motor Vehicle

Conveyance owner
7. For Hire Motorcycles with Side Car

• Original Certificate of Registration - Registered Motorcycle owner
(CR) or Certificate of Registration -
Encumbered (CRE)
- Registered Motorcycle owner
• Original Deed of Sale/ Transfer/
Conveyance with assumption of
mortgage with bank's conformity, in
case of Certificate of Registration –
Encumbered (CRE)
- Concerned municipal / city
• Original MTOP for Tricycle government office
8
public bidding conducted by
government office/entity
• Original Certificate of Sale - Concerned government
office
• Original affidavit of the Mechanic who - Notary public
conducted the bidding
9. Motor Vehicles acquired at public
auction before a notary public by
virtue of a mechanic’s lien
• Original Certificate of Sale - Notary public
• Original Affidavit who conducted the - Notary public
public bidding as proof of compliance
to the above requirements
- Original Certificate of Registration - Registered Motor Vehicle
(CR) (in the absence thereof, a owner, notary public
certification that conducted the public
bidding that the original copy was not
turned over at the time of sale)
Extra-Judicial Settlement of Estate
of Deceased Person
(CR) owner, Issuing LTO District
Office / Extension Office
• Original Deed of Extra Judicial - Surviving heir/s (Spouse /
Settlement of Estate in case the Children) of the Motor
deceased is survived by two (2) or Vehicle registered owner
more heirs or Affidavit of Sole
Adjudication in case the deceased is
survived by only one (1) heir
• Affidavit of publication of the Deed in - Newspaper Publisher
any newspaper of general circulation
for three (3) consecutive weeks
Judicial Settlement of Estate of
Deceased Person
(CR) or affidavit of loss owner
• One (1) Certified true copy of Court - Appropriate Court
Decision
9
V. ANNOTATION AND CANCELLATION OF MORTGAGE

1. Annotation of Mortgage and
Other Liens or Encumbrances
• Original Certificate of Registration - Registered Motor Vehicle owner,
(CR) issuing Land Transportation
Office (LTO) District Office /
Extension Office
• One (1) copy of duly annotated - Registry of Deeds

chattel mortgage contract with
Official Receipt (OR)
2. Cancellation of Mortgage or
Other Liens and Encumbrances
• Original Certificate of - Registered Motor Vehicle owner,
Registration Encumbered (CRE) financial institution, issuing Land
Transportation Office (LTO)
District Office / Extension Office
*In the absence of original CRE,
original copy of Affidavit of Loss
stating among others the following:
a. that the account has been fully
paid;
b. that the Certificate of Registration
- Encumbered (CRE) was lost
and could no longer be found - Registered Motor Vehicle owner
despite diligent efforts;
c. that the affiant is willing to be held
liable in case the lien still exists
d. that the Certificate of Registration -
Encumbered (CRE) is not
confiscated by any law
enforcement agency
• Certified copy of cancellation or - Financial Institution

release of Chattel Mortgage
• Original Official Receipt (OR) of - Registry of Deeds
recording fee
10
3. Cancellation of Mortgage when the
financing company (mortgagee) no
longer exists and the release
Mortgage Contract is missing
Encumbered (CRE) owner, financial institution,
*In the absence of original CRE, issuing Land Transportation
original copy of Affidavit of Loss Office (LTO) District Office /
Extension Office
• One (1) Original Affidavit of

Undertaking stating among others
the following:
a. that the account has been fully
paid;
b. that the release of mortgage
contract was lost and could no - Registered Motor Vehicle
longer be found despite diligent owner
efforts;
c. that the affiant is willing to be held
liable in case the lien still exists
d. that the Certificate of Registration -
Encumbered (CRE) is not
confiscated by any law enforcement
agency
• Original Certification stating that the - Securities and Exchange

financing company is no longer in Commission (SEC) / Banko
existence Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
• Original Surety Bond based on the - Accredited insurance

fair market value of the motor companies by the Insurance
vehicle valid for one (1) year Commission
• Original Affidavit of Publication - Newspaper of general

circulation
11
VI. CHANGE CLASSIFICATION
-

(CR) / certification that the original owner, financing institution,
Certificate of Registration-Encumbered issuing Land Transportation
(CRE) is with the financing company Office (LTO) District Office /
and that it interposes no objection on Extension Office
the application for change
classification (Private to For Hire)
• LTO Copy or electronically transmitted - Accredited insurance

Cover (COC) Commission
1. Private to For Hire

• One (1) copy of Decision or valid - Land Transportation
Motorized Tricycle Operator's Franchising Regulatory Board
Permit (MTOP) (LTFRB) For Valid MTOP:
Concerned municipal / city
government office
• Electronic confirmation of LTFRB - Land Transportation
franchise Franchising Regulatory
Board (LTFRB)
2. For Hire to Private

• Original Dropping Order with - Land Transportation
Official Receipt (OR) Franchising Regulatory
Board (LTFRB) Concerned
municipal / city government
office
• Original Receipt of Return Plate - Land Transportation

and Licenses (RRPL) Franchising Regulatory
Board (LTFRB)
12
3. Private to Government
• Original Deed of Donation and - Registered Motor Vehicle owner
Acceptance
• Original Philippine National Police - Philippine National Police -
- Highway Patrol Group (PNP- Highway Patrol Group (PNP-
HPG) Motor Vehicle Clearance HPG) Motor Vehicle Clearance
Certificate, Macro-etching report Division
and Special Bank Receipt (SBR)
(with transfer of ownership)
• Original and one (1) photocopy of - Any issuing government
any issued ID with photo and agency, company
signature of the vendor and
vendee
4. Private to Exempt
• Endorsement certifying that the - Department of Foreign Affairs
individual or diplomatic corps are (DFA) Protocol Office
tax exempt
• Original Deed of Sale / Deed of - Registered Motor Vehicle owner
Donation and Acceptance
• Original Receipt of Return Plate - Concerned Land Transportation
and Licenses (RRPL) Office (LTO) District Office
5. Exempt to Private
- Department of Foreign Affairs
• Original Endorsement for
(DFA) Protocol Office
cancellation of exemption with
control number (verify exact terms
of the endorsement)
• Original Certificate of Payment - Bureau of Customs (BOC)
• Original Receipt of Return Plate - Plate Section
and Licenses (RRPL)
13
6. Exempt to Exempt
• Original Endorsement for - Department of Foreign Affairs
cancellation of exemption with (DFA) Protocol Office
control number (verify exact terms
of the endorsement)
• Original Receipt of Return Plate - Plate Section
and Licenses (RRPL)
VII. APPLICATION FOR CHANGE BODY/BODY DESIGN/

ENGINE/COLOR
(CR) / Certificate of Registration - owner, financing institution,
Encumbered (CRE) with conformity issuing Land Transportation
of the financing company interposing Office (LTO) District Office /
no objection as to the change of Extension Office
body/body design / engine/ color
• Original Philippine National Police - - Philippine National Police -

Highway Patrol Group (PNP-HPG) Highway Patrol Group (PNP-
Motor Vehicle Clearance Certificate, HPG) Motor Vehicle Clearance
Macro-etching report and Special Division
Bank Receipt (except for Motorcycle
with sidecar)
• LTO Copy or electronically - Insurance companies

transmitted appropriate insurance accredited by the Insurance
Certificate of Cover (COC) / Commission
Endorsement of insurance
• Duly accomplished original Motor - Land Transportation Office

Vehicle Inspection Report (MVIR) (LTO) District Office / Extension
Office, Motor Vehicle Inspection
Center
14
1. Change Body/Body Design
• LTFRB electronic confirmation (For - Land Transportation
Hire) Franchising Regulatory Board
(LTFRB)
• Original Joint Affidavit of Change - Owner, body builder and

Body/Body Design indicating painter
source of body
2. Change Color
- Original Joint Affidavit of Change - Registered owner
Color of owner
3. Change Engine
• If For-Hire, LTFRB electronic - Land Transportation
confirmation Franchising Regulatory Board
(LTFRB)
• Original and one (1) photocopy of - Dealer, Regional Office and

Certificate of Stock Reported (CSR) Central Office
and Sales Invoice
• Original Deed of Sale/Deed of - Vendor, Donor
Donation of engine if sourced from
previously registered motor
vehicles acquired from different
persons or entities
• Original Joint Affidavit of Change - Registered Motor Vehicle
Engine by owner owner
4. DUPLICATE CERTIFICATE OF
REGISTRATION / CERTIFICATE OF
REGISTRATION – ENCUMBERED
• Original Affidavit of Lost Certificate - Registered Motor Vehicle
of Registration (CR), if encumbered owner, Financing institution
should be with conformity of the
financing company
- Land Transportation Office
• Duly accomplished Motor Vehicle
(LTO) District Office/Extension
Inspection Report (MVIR)
Office, Motor Vehicle
Inspection Center
15
5. Lost or Replacement Plates/Tags/
Sticker/RFID Sticker
• Original Affidavit of loss or mutilated - Applicant
plate/ sticker/ RFID sticker
• Original and one (1) photocopy of any
valid government issued ID with photo - Applicant
and signature
VIII. RE-STAMPING OF ENGINE/CHASSIS NUMBER
• Original Certificate of Registration (CR) - Motor Vehicle Owner
• Affidavit of Owner stating the reason/s or

need for re-stamping - Motor Vehicle Owner
IX. REQUEST FOR MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION

1. Request from Government Agency
• Original letter request - Requesting Party
• Authorization letter and one (1) - Requesting Party

photocopy of company issued ID with
photo and signature if requesting party
is not available
2. Request from private entities, bank,

foreign embassies, and financial
institutions
• Original letter request - Requesting Party
• Original supporting legal documents - Philippine National Police
(Police Report, Court Order, Subpoena, (PNP), Ombudsman, Court
Proceeding Filed or consent from the
Motor Vehicle owner)
• Company Identification Card / Original - Requesting Party
and one (1) copy of any issued ID with
photo and signature of the requesting
party and the Motor Vehicle owner
Note: In this chapter, in case of conflict in text between this manual and the
LTO Citizen’s Charter, the latter shall prevail.
16
MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION SCHEDULE
The following is the System of Operation in the monthly staggered

registration of motor vehicles pursuant to Administrative Order No.
84A0-003: The Last Digit of the plate number determines the monthly
schedule of registration.
MONTHLY SCHEDULE LAST DIGITS OF

PLATE
JANUARY 1
FEBRUARY 2
MARCH 3
APRIL 4
MAY 5
JUNE 6
JULY 7
AUGUST 8
SEPTEMBER 9
OCTOBER 0
The middle numbers (3 digit)/2nd to the last number (4 and 5 digit)

shall determine the working days, within the week when the
registration of the vehicle shall be renewed.
1st week (Any working day from 1st to 7th 1, 2, 3

day of the registration month)
2nd week (Any working day from 8th to 14th 4, 5, 6

3rd week (Any working day from 15th to 21st 7, 8

day of the registration month
4th week (Any working day from 22nd to 31st 9,0

17
Below are examples of the registration schedule
1. Four-wheeled vehicles
a. Three (3) alpha characters and four (4) numeric characters
ABC 1435
LAST DIGIT must be registered in May
2nd TO THE LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE

NUMBER - refers to the week the vehicle
must registered
The vehicle must be registered between the 1st and 7th

working day of May
b. Three (3) alpha characters and three (3) numeric characters
BCA 170
LAST DIGIT vehicle ending 0 must be
registered in October

NUMBER - refers to the week the vehicle
must be registered. 2nd to the last or middle
digit of 7 must register between 15th to 21st
working day or 3rd week of October
2. Two-wheeled vehicles
a. Three (3) numeric characters and three (3) alpha characters
528 ABC
LAST DIGIT vehicle ending 8 must be registered in
August
2nd TO THE LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE NUMBER

- refers to the week the vehicle must be registered.
2nd to the last or middle digit of 2 must register
between 1st to 7th working day or 1st week of August
18
b. Two (2) alpha characters and five (5) numeric characters
BA 13599
registered in September

NUMBER - 2nd to the last digit must register
the vehicle between 22nd to the last working
day or 4th week of September
c. Four (4) numeric characters and two (2) alpha characters
5353 AB
March

– refers to the week the vehicle must be registered.
2nd to the last digit of 5 must register between 8th
and 14th working day or 2nd week of March
d. Three (3) alpha characters and two (2) numeric characters
137 DF
July

– refers to the week the vehicle must be registered.
2nd to the last digit of 3 must register between 1st
and 7th working day or 1st week of July
19
3. Optional Motor Vehicle Special Plate
Three (3) alpha characters and two (2) numeric characters
TSD 77
registered in July

NUMBER – refers to the week the vehicle
must be registered. 2nd to the last or middle
digit of 7 must register between 15th to 21st
working day or 3rd week of July
20
MOTOR VEHICLE USER’S CHARGE RATE
PRIVATE and GOVERNMENT CARS – Based on Gross

Vehicle Weight (GVW) and Year Model
TRANSACTION
VEHICLE CATEGORY
FEE
PASSENGER CARS
A. Light Vehicles up to 1,600 kgs

a. Year 2001 Onwards Php 1,600.00
b. Year 1995 to 2000 Php 2,000.00
c. Year 1994 & Below Php 1,400.00
B. Medium Vehicles 1,600 to 2,300 kgs

b. Year 1997 to 2000 Php 6,000.00
c. Year 1995 and 1996 Php 4,800.00
d. 1994 and below Php 2,400.00
C. Heavy Vehicles 2,301 kgs and Up

b. Year 1995 to 2000 Php 12,000.00
c. Year 1994 and Below Php 5,600.00
D. Motorcycles
a. Without Sidecar Php 240.00
b. With Sidecar (including three- Php 300.00
wheeled vehicle-cargo type
21
VEHICLE CATEGORY TRANSACTION FEE
UTILITY VEHICLES and SUV
MODELS 1990 and EARLIER
a. GVW up to 2,700 kgs Php 2,000.00
b. GVW over 2,700 kgs Php 2,000.00 + (Actual
GVW - 2,700 kgs) x 0.40)
Example: Actual GVW = 2,800 kgs Php 2,000.00 + (2,800 kgs

- 2,700 kgs) x 0.40 =
Php 2,040.00
SPORTS UTILITY VEHICLE (SUV)

GVW - 2,700 kgs) x 0.46)
Example: Actual GVW = 2,800 kgs Php 2,300.00 + (2,800 kgs -

2,700 kgs) x 0.46 =
Php 2,346.00
TRUCK/BUSES
a. GVW up to 2,700 kgs = 1,800.00 Php 1,800.00
GVW - 2,700 kgs) x 0.24)

- 2,700 kgs) x 0.24 =
Php 2,256.00
TRAILERS Actual GVW x 0.24

Example: Actual GVW = 10,000 kgs 10,000 kgs X .24 = 2,400.00
Weekly Surcharge for (1) MC/TC –

100.00
50% penalty shall be collected for
delinquent registration
22
FOR HIRE – Based on Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)
PASSENGER CARS
a. Light Vehicles up to 1,600 kgs Php 900.00
b. Medium Vehicles 1,601 to Php 1,800.00
2,300 kgs
Note: All For Hire Passenger Cars
are Ageless
UTILITY VEHICLES (UV)

GVW up to 4,500 kgs Actual GVW x 0.30
Example: Actual GVW = 4,300 Php 4,300.00 X 0.30 =

Php 1,290.00
SPORTS UTILITY VEHICLE (SUV)

b. GVW in excess of 2,700 kgs Php 2,300.00 + (Actual
GVW - 2,700 kgs) x 0.46)

- 2,700 kgs) x 0.46 =
Php 2,346.00
MOTORCYCLES/MOPEDS/
TRICYCLES
a. Without Sidecar Php 240.00
b. With Sidecar (including three- Php 300.00
wheeled vehicle passenger type)
23
TRUCKS
GVW - 2,700 kgs) x 0.30)
Example: Actual GVW = 4,600 kgs Php 1,800.00 + (4,600 kgs -

2,700 kgs) x 0.30 =
Php 2,256.00
TRUCK/BUSES
GVW over 4,500 kgs Actual GVW x 0.30
Example: Actual GVW = 5,000 kgs Php 5,000.00 X .30 = Php

1,500.00
TRAILERS
Actual GVW x 0.24
Example: Actual GVW = 10,000 kgs 10,000 kgs X .24 = 2,400.00
Note: a. Cross over ids defined as having an engine of a light car and
a body of a Utility Vehicle or a Sports Utility Vehicle
1. If GVW is below 1600 kgs, collect MVUC for car light
2. If above 1600 kgs collect MVUC for UV
3. Three-wheeled vehicles includes Bajaj, Piaggio, E-trike,
Motorella. If the GVW is 1000 kgs and below, collect Php 300.00
24
CHARGES AND OTHER FEES
TRANSACTION FEES
Transfer of Ownership Php 50.00
Late Application (Deed of sale exceeds Php 150.00

Thirty (30) days)
Duplicate Certificate of Registration (CR) Php 30.00
Duplicate Official Receipt (OR) Php 30.00
Duplicate Plate (Handling Cost) Php 100.00
a. Motor Vehicle Php 450.00

b. Trailer Php 225.00
c. Motorcycle Php 120.00
d. Clearance fee, applicable to all
Php 30.00
types/verification/document request
e. Cost of Plate Php 450.00
Cost of Stickers
a. Motor Vehicle Php 50.00
b. Trailer/Motorcycle Php 12.50
c. Clearance fee, Applicable to all types Php 30.00
Replacement of:
a. Validation Stickers Php 200.00
b. Plate Year Tags Php 100.00
Annotation/Cancellation of Mortgage Php 100.00
Change Motor/Chassis/Color Php 30.00
Revision of Gross Weight Php 30.00
Change in Body Design Php 100.00
25
TRANSACTION FEES
Change Classification Php 30.00
a. Motor Vehicle Plate Php 450.00
b. Motorcycle Plate Php 120.00
c. Trailer Plate Php 225.00
d. Clearance fee, Applicable to all types Php 30.00
Storage of Plates Php 45.00
Top Box/Saddle Bag/Top Load Php 100.00
Top Load for Truck Bus Php 150.00
Charges shown above are exclusive of Computer Fee and

Legal Research Fee for Motor Vehicle registration
Note: All fees and charges stated herein are based on Citizens Charter dated
as of 2019
26
ASSIGNED PLATE PER REGION
REGIONAL NEW ASSIGNED

OFFICE LETTER
1 I
2 B
3 C
4A D
4B V
5 E
6 F
7 G
8 H
9 J
10 K
11 L
12 M
NCR N
CAR Y
CARAGA Z
*Memorandum Circular No. 2018-2143
27
• Republic Act No. 4136 - “Land Transportation and Traffic Code”
• Republic Act No. 8749 - “Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999”
• Republic Act No. 8750 - “Seat Belts Use Act of 1999”
• Republic Act No. 8794 - “Motor Vehicle User's Charge Law”
• Republic Act No. 10054 - “Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2009”
• Republic Act No. 10586 - “Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act

of 2013”
• Republic Act No. 10666 - “Children's Safety on Motorcycles Act

of 2015”
• Republic Act No. 10913 - “Anti-Distracted Driving Act”
• Republic Act No. 10916 - “Road Speed Limiter Act of 2016”
• Republic Act No. 10930 - “Rationalizing and Strengthening the

Policy Regarding Driver's License
Amending Section 23 of Republic Act
No. 4136”
• Republic Act No. 11229 - “Child Safety in Motor Vehicles Act”
• Republic Act No. 11235 - “Motorcycle Crime Prevention Act”
28
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
“LAND TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC CODE”
AN ACT TO COMPILE THE LAWS RELATIVE TO LAND

TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC RULES, TO CREATE
A LAND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
This act shall control the registration and operation of all types of
motor vehicle and the licensing of owners, dealers, conductors,
drivers and similar matters.
CHAPTER I - PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS ARTICLE

CHAPTER II - REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES
CHAPTER III - OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES
CHAPTER IV - TRAFFIC RULES
CHAPTER V - PENAL AND OTHER PROVISIONS
29
“PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999”
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIR

POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
The law shall protect and advance the right of the people to a
balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and
harmony of nature.
The State shall promote and protect the global environment to

attain sustainable development while recognizing the primary
responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental
problems.
The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat

and environment is primarily area-based and the principle that
polluters must pay. The states recognize that a clean and healthy
environment is for the good of all and should be the concern of all.
Regulation of All Motor Vehicles and Engines. Any imported new

or locally-assembled new motor vehicle shall not be registered
unless it complies with the emission standards set pursuant to this
Act, as evidenced by a Certificate of Conformity (COC) issued by
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Any imported new motor vehicle engine shall not be introduced

into commerce, sold or used unless it complies with emission
standards.
Any imported used motor vehicle or rebuilt motor vehicle using

new or used engines, major parts or components shall not be
registered unless it complies with the emission standards.
30
Republic Act No. 8749
REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE

New Vehicle – Certificate of Conformity
Old Vehicle – Certificate of Compliance to Emission Standard
Vehicle must meet the emission standards. The results of such

test conducted by the DOTr or its authorized inspection center
shall be presented within sixty (60) days from the date of the test
and to the LTO motor vehicle registration offices as a prerequisite
to renewal of registration.
ROADSIDE INSPECTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Vehicle found emitting excessive smoke while operating in any
public highway shall be subject to an emission test by properly
equipped DOTr through LTO and/or DOTr designated enforcement
unit(s) and/or its deputized agents.
FINES and PENALTIES
First Offense - A fine not exceeding Php 2,000.00
Second Offense - A fine not exceeding Php 4,000.00
Third and Succeeding - A fine not exceeding Php 6,000.00

Offense and one (1) year suspension of MV
Registration
31
“SEAT BELTS USE ACT OF 1999”
AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY COMPLIANCE BY

MOTORISTS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC VEHICLES TO USE
SEAT BELT DEVICES AND REQUIRING VEHICLE
MANUFACTURERS TO INSTALL SEAT BELT DEVICES IN ALL
THEIR MANUFACTURED VEHICLES
It is policy of the State to secure and safeguard its citizenry,

particularly the passengers and drivers of private and public motor
vehicles, from the ruinous and extremely injurious effects of
vehicular accidents. Towards this end, the State shall pursue a
more proactive and preventive approach in order to secure the
safety of the passengers and drivers at all times with the
mandatory enforcement of the use of seat belt devices by the
drivers and front seat passengers of private and public motor
vehicles.
MANDATORY USE OF SEAT BELTS

Passengers of all motor vehicles whether private of for hire seated
facing forward in the front row seats and those seated at the back
row (the row of passenger immediately behind the driver) of
private cars, Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV) and for hire vehicles are
required to wear seat belts while inside a vehicle of running engine
on any road or thoroughfare. Passenger seated at the back row of
the following private motor vehicles: jeeps, passenger
vans/wagons, Asian Utility Vehicles (AUV), buses trucks vintage
cars and special purpose vehicles shall be exempted from wearing
or using seat belt devices while inside a vehicle of running engine
on any road or thoroughfare.
32
In the case of “for hire” motor vehicles, the driver shall be required
to immediately inform and require the front seat passengers upon
boarding a vehicle of running engine to wear the prescribed seat
belts. Any passenger who refuses to wear seat belts shall not be
allowed to continue his/her trip. In addition, he/she will be informed
that no insurance can be recovered in case of accident.
Appropriate signage shall be posted on public or for hire vehicles.
The seat belt law does not apply to seat belt assemblies for the
following seat type:
1. Folding seats which are provided at aisles, loading platform or

spaces other than those designed exclusively for installing
seats (except those seats in which only the jump seat section
can be folded.)
2. Single-seater provided at the side of the driver’s seat three-

wheeled motor vehicles where the rotational angle of the
steering wheel or bar is less than seven times the rotational
angle of steering tire.
3. Seats facing sideward.
4. Seats provided in close proximity to emergency exit.
EXEMPTION
This Act does not apply to a passenger or operator with a
physically disabling ailment or medical condition which would
prevent appropriate restraint in a safety belt, if the condition is duly
certified by a licensed physician and surgeon or a licensed
chiropractor who shall state the nature of the condition as well as
the reason why the restraint is inappropriate.
33
FINES and PENALTIES
FAILURE TO WEAR THE PRESCRIBED SEAT BELT AND FOR

ALLOWING A CHILD SIX (6) YEARS OLD AND BELOW TO SIT
ON THE FRONT PASSENGER SEAT.
First Offense - One thousand pesos

(Php 1,000.00)
Second Offense - Two thousand pesos

(Php 2,000.00)
Third and Succeeding - Five thousand pesos

Offenses (Php 5,000.00) plus one (1)
week suspension of driver’s
license counting from the
payment of fine
FAILURE TO POST APPROPRIATE SEAT BELT SIGNAGE

(FOR PUV) AND FAILURE TO REQUIRE THE FRONT SEAT
PASSENGER TO WEAR A SEAT BELT.
For PUV’s both the driver and operator are liable to pay the fine of
Php 3,000.00 for every violation.
34
“MOTOR VEHICLE USER’S CHARGE LAW”
AN ACT IMPOSING A MOTOR VEHICLE USER’S CHARGE ON

OWNERS OF ALL TYPES OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
It is hereby declared as the policy of the State to provide for and

ensure the adequate maintenance of national and provincial roads
through sufficient funding the purpose.
PAYMENT OF MVUC
Every motor vehicle whether for hire or for private use, including
government motor vehicle, shall be imposed with a motor vehicle
user’s charge (MVUC) which shall be collected from and paid by
the owner when registering the motor vehicle.
PENALTY FOR OVERLOADING

Owner of a truck or trailer which is loaded in excess of the
maximum allowable gross vehicle weight (GVW) to pay a penalty
in the amount equivalent to 25% of the MVUC applicable to the
vehicle at the time if infringement, provided that the penalty shall
be waived for the loading exceeding the GVW by a tolerance of
less than 5%.
No vehicle shall be permitted to proceed on the roadway if either a
dual-wheeled axle load exceeds 13,500 kilograms or the vehicle
load exceeds 150% of the maximum allowable GVW.
35
“MOTORCYCLE HELMET ACT OF 2009”
AN ACT MANDATING ALL MOTORCYCLE RIDERS TO WEAR

STANDARD PROTECTIVE MOTORCYCLE HELMETS WHILE
DRIVING AND PROVIDING PENALTIES THEREFOR
It is hereby declared the policy of the State to secure and
safeguard its citizenry, particularly the operators or drivers of
motorcycles and their passengers, from the ruinous and extremely
injurious effects of fatal or life-threatening accidents and crashes.
Towards this end, it shall pursue a more proactive and preventive
approach to secure the safety of motorists, their passengers and
pedestrians at all times through the mandatory enforcement of the
use of standard protective motorcycle helmet.
MANDATORY USE OF MOTORCYCLE HELMETS

All motorcycle riders, including drivers and back riders, shall wear
standard protective motorcycle helmets while driving, whether long
or short drives, in any type of road and highway at all times.
Standard protective motorcycle helmets are appropriate types of
helmets for motorcycle riders that comply with the specifications
issued by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).
36
EXEMPTION
Drivers of tricycles shall be exempted from complying with the
mandatory wearing of motorcycle helmets.
FINES and PENALTIES
Any person caught not wearing the standard protective motorcycle

helmet in violation of this Act shall be punished with a fine of the
following:
First Offense - One thousand five hundred pesos

(Php 1,500.00)
Second Offense - Three thousand pesos

(Php 3,000.00)
Third Offense - Five thousand pesos

(Php 5,000.00)
Fourth and Succeeding - Ten thousand pesos

Offenses (Php 10,000.00) plus confiscation
of the driver’s license
37
“ANTI-DRUNK and DRUGGED DRIVING ACT OF 2013”
AN ACT PENALIZING PERSONS DRIVING UNDER THE

INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL, DANGEROUS DRUGS, AND
SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
DECLARATION OF POLICY
Pursuant to the Constitutional principle that recognizes the
protection of life and property and the promotion of the general
welfare as essential for the enjoyment of the blessing of
democracy, it is hereby declared the policy of the State to ensure
road safety through the observance of the citizenry of responsible
and ethical driving standards.
Towards this end, the State shall penalize the acts of driving under
the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and other intoxicating
substances and shall inculcate the standards of safe driving and
the benefits that may be derived from it through institutional
programs and appropriate public information strategies.
PUNISHABLE ACT
It shall be unlawful for any person to drive a motor vehicle while
under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other
similar substances.
Driving under the influence of alcohol refers to the act of operating
a motor vehicle while the driver’s blood alcohol concentration level
has, after being subjected to a breath analyzer test, reached the
level of intoxication.
38
Conclusive proof that a driver is driving under the influence of

alcohol.
BAC
Private Motor Vehicle with gross - 0.05% or higher

vehicle weight not exceeding
4,500kgs
Trucks, Buses, Motorcycles and - more than 0.00%
Public Utility Vehicle
Driving under the influence of dangerous drugs and other similar

substances refers to the act of operating a motor vehicle while the
driver, after being subjected to a confirmatory test as mandated
under Republic Act No. 9165, is found to be positive for use of any
dangerous drug.
Dangerous drugs and other similar substances refer to drugs listed
in the schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on
Narcotics Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the
schedules annexed to the 1971 Single Convention of Psychotropic
Substances as enumerated in its attachment which is an integral
part of Republic Act No. 9165 otherwise known as the
“Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2020” and those that the
Board may reclassify, add to or remove from the list of dangerous
drugs.
39
PROBABLE CAUSE
Probable cause shall mean that the LEO has reasonable ground to
believe that the person driving the motor vehicle is under the
influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar
substances:
1st Probable Cause
Upon personally witnessing a traffic offense committed by means

of lane straddling, making sudden stops, speeding, swerving or
weaving in such an apparent way as to indicate that the driver is
under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, and/or other
similar substances.
2nd Probable Cause
The evident smell of alcohol in a driver's breath, generally slurred

speech in response to questioning, bloodshot or reddish eyes,
flushed face, poor coordination, difficulty in understanding and
responding intelligently to questions shall also constitute probable
cause.
40
CONDUCT OF FIELD SOBRIETY TEST
If the Law Enforcement Officers (LEO) or authorized officer trained

and deputized by the LTO to enforce the provisions of the law has
reasonable grounds to believe that the driver is drunk, the LEO
shall:
1. Expressly inform the driver of his assessment.
2. Direct the driver to perform all the three (3) field sobriety test
on site.
THE EYE TEST THE WALK-AND-TURN THE ONE-LEG STAND

(HORIZONTAL GAZE
NYSTAGAMUS) This second test requires the This is the third test that
This is the first test that is driver to walk heel-to-toe requires the driver to stand on
typically administered. During along a straight line for nine one leg six (6) inches off the
this test, the officer stands (9) steps, turn at the end and ground for 30 seconds and also
about one (1) foot away from return at the starting point measures balance,
the driver and looks for without any difficulty. It coordination, and similar to
involuntary jerking of the eyes measures the ability to WAT test divides the suspect’s
as they gaze toward from side maintain balance and follow attention.
to side with a moving object. directions.
3. The LEO shall record the driver's responses to the field

sobriety tests enumerated above and shall form part of the
records of the case.
4. If the driver passes all of the three (3) field sobriety tests, the
driver shall be apprehended for the traffic offense only and not
for violation of R.A. No. 10586.
41
FOR DRUNK-DRIVING:
ALCOHOL BREATH ANALYZER (ABA TEST)
HOW IS ALCOHOL
DETECTED FROM A
DRUNK PERSON?
Law Enforcers use

equipment called
ALCOHOL BREATH
ANALYZER (ABA)
which can measure and
determine the BAC level
of a person through
testing of their breath.
1. If the driver fails any of the field sobriety tests, the LEO shall
proceed to determine the driver's BAC level, through the use of
the ABA, on site.
2. A driver who, after ABA testing, registers a BAC higher than

the prescribed limit shall be put under arrest and the motor
vehicle impounded. The LEO shall observe the proper
procedure in effecting the arrest and bringing the driver to the
nearest police station for detention. The motor vehicle shall
also be brought to the nearest LTO impounding area until the
same is claimed by an authorized representative of its
registered owner.
3. In case the BAC is within the allowed limit, the driver shall be
apprehended for the traffic offense only and not under R.A.
No. 10586.
Under no circumstance shall a driver, who has undergone and

passed the field sobriety test and/or ABA test, be subjected to drug
screening test afterwards.
42
SAMPLE
Situation Activity/FST Test Results ABA Test Action Do
The Eye Test Passed

1 The Walk-and-Turn Passed NO Issue TOP/Citation Ticket
The One-Leg Stand Passed
The Eye Test Passed

2 The Walk-and-Turn Failed YES DUE Process
The One-Leg Stand Failed
The Eye Test Failed

3 The Walk-and-Turn Passed YES DUE Process
The One-Leg Stand Failed
Confiscated DL and
4 Refuse to undergo FST automatic revocation
after due process
FOR DRUGGED-DRIVING:
If the law enforcement officer has probable cause to believe that a

person is driving under the influence of dangerous drugs and/or
similar substances, it shall be the duty of the law enforcement
officer to bring the driver to the nearest police station to be
subjected to a drug screening test and if necessary, a drug
confirmatory test as mandated under R.A. No. 9165.
43
DRIVER REFUSES TO UNDERGO THE MANDATORY

TESTING
A driver of a motor vehicle who refuses to undergo the mandatory
testing as required shall be penalized by the confiscation and
automatic revocation of his/her driver's license, in addition to other
penalties provided herein and/or other pertinent law, after
compliance with the requirement of due process.
1. Traffic Offense like:
- Swerving / Weaving (Lane Deviation)
- Make sudden stops
- Speeding
- Other offenses stated under R.A. No. 4136
2. Mandatory Alcohol and Chemical Testing of Drivers

Involved in Motor Vehicular Accidents
A driver of a motor vehicle involved in a vehicular accident
resulting in the loss of human life or physical injuries shall be
subjected to chemical tests, including a drug screening test
and, if necessary, a drug confirmatory test as mandated under
Republic Act No. 9165, to determine the presence and/or
concentration of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or substances
in the bloodstream or body.
3. Nationwide Random Terminal Inspection and Quick

Random Drug Tests
These rules shall cover all acts of driving and/or operating a

motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol and/or
dangerous drugs and similar substances.
44
FINES and PENALTIES
A driver found to have been driving a motor vehicle while under
the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar
substances shall be penalized as follows:
If the violation did Twenty thousand pesos
not result in physical (Php 20,000.00) to Eighty thousand
injuries or homicide pesos (Php 80,000.00) fine and three
(3) months imprisonment;
If the violation The penalty provided in Article 263 of

resulted in physical the Revised Penal Code or the
injuries penalty provided in the next
preceding paragraph whichever is
higher and a fine of One Hundred
Thousand (Php 100,000.00) to Two
Hundred Thousand (Php 200,000.00)
shall be imposed;
If the violation has A penalty provided in Article 249 of

resulted in homicide the Revised Penal Code and a fine
ranging from Three Hundred
Thousand (Php 300,000.00) to Five
Hundred Thousand (Php 500,000.00)
shall be imposed.
FOR NON-PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS:

1st Conviction Confiscation and suspension of
license for a period of 12 months.
2nd Conviction Revocation of license.
FOR PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS:

1st Conviction Confiscation and perpetual
revocation of license.
45
“CHILDREN’S SAFETY ON
MOTORCYCLES ACT OF 2015”
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE SAFETY OF CHILDREN

ABOARD MOTORCYLES
It is the policy of the State to defend the right of children to
assistance, including proper care and nutrition, and special
protection from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation,
and other conditions prejudicial to their development.
Towards this end, the State shall pursue a more proactive and
preventive approach to secure the safety of passengers, especially
children, by regulating the operation of motorcycles along roads
and highways.
PROHIBITION
It shall be unlawful for any person to drive a two (2)-wheeled
motorcycle with a child on board on public roads where there is
heavy volume of vehicles, there is a high density of fast-moving
vehicles or where a speed limit of more than 60/kph is imposed,
unless:
(a) The child passenger can comfortably reach his/her feet on the
standard foot peg of the motorcycle;
(b) The child’s arms can reach around and grasp the waist of the
motorcycle rider; and
(c) The child is wearing a standard protective helmet referred to
under Republic Act No. 10054, otherwise known as the
"Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2009."
46
EXEMPTIONS
FINES and PENALTIES
First Offense - Three Thousand Pesos

(Php 3,000.00)
Second Offense - Five Thousand Pesos

(Php 5,000.00)
Third Offense - Ten Thousand Pesos

(Php 10,000.00) and One (1)
month suspension of driver’s
license
Succeeding Offenses - Ten thousand Pesos
(Php 10,000.00) and automatic
revocation of driver’s license
47
“ANTI-DISTRACTED DRIVING ACT”
AN ACT DEFINING AND PENALIZING DISTRACTED DRIVING
It is hereby declared the policy of the State to safeguard its

citizenry from the ruinous and extremely injurious effects of
vehicular crash.
While the State recognizes the vital roles of information and

communications technology in nation-building, the State also takes
cognizance of the inimical consequences of the unrestrained use
of electronic mobile devices on road safety as to cause its
regulation.
A law prohibiting all motorists to use any communications device

while the motor vehicle is in motion or temporarily stopped a traffic
light or intersection whether diplomatic, public or private.
WHAT ARE
DISTRATCED
DRIVING
PROHIBITIONS?
48
EXEMPTIONS
The law shall not apply to the following:
a. A motorist using mobile phone for an emergency call to:
• A law enforcement agency or agent to report a crime or a

prohibited act, accident, natural calamity, bomb
threat/terrorist action, animal activism, infrastructure failure
and biological, chemical, or radioactive hazard spill or
release;
• Government or non-government health care provider, or a

medical practitioner, and emergency rescue units, in
instances requiring immediate medical attention;
• Fire department or non-government fire volunteers in the

event of fire/explosion;
• Other emergency services, agency or entity rendering

electric, gas, water, chemical, towing and other similar
services, in instances requiring immediate attention to save
lives and properties or to remove hazards from the
environment; and
• Oher Analogous circumstances
b. A motorist using a mobile phone while operating an emergency

vehicle, or a private vehicle while responding to an emergency
call.
49
FINES and PENALTIES
First Offense - Five Thousand Pesos (Php 5,000.00)
Second Offense - Ten Thousand Pesos (Php 10,000.00)
Third Offense - Fifteen Thousand Pesos

(Php 15,000.00) and Three (3)
months suspension of driver's license
Fourth Offense - Twenty Thousand Pesos
(Php 20,000.00) and revocation of
driver's license for succeeding
offenses
Drivers of the following:

A driver of a public utility vehicle, school service vehicle, common
carrier hauling volatile, flammable or toxic material, or a driver who
commits an act classified herein as distracted driving within a fifty
(50)-meter radius from the school premises shall be subject to a
penalty of thirty thousand pesos (Php 30,000.00) and suspension
of one's driver's license for three (3) months.
If an offender operating a conveyance or machinery (tractors and

construction equipment like graders, rollers, backhoes,
payloaders, cranes) and other forms of conveyances such as
bicycles, pedicabs, habal-habal, trolleys, "kuligligs", wagons,
carriages, carts, sledges, chariots or the like, whether animal or
human-powered which do not require a driver's license where the
public safety is compromised, the penalty shall be impoundment of
the conveyance or machinery in lieu of the confiscation of driver's
license and that in the event the fine imposed is not settled within
six (6) months from the date of apprehension, the implementing
agency shall exhaust all available legal remedies to implement the
same.
50
“ROAD SPEED LIMITER ACT OF 2016”
AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY INSTALLATION OF

SPEED LIMITER IN PUBLIC UTILITY AND CERTAIN TYPES OF
VEHICLES
It is hereby declared the policy of the State to maintain at all times

the safety and protection of the public. Towards this end, it shall
pursue a more proactive and preventive approach to secure the
safety of passengers, and the public in general on roads and
highways. It shall implement measures to safeguard them from
any speed-related road crashes which cause death, injury, and/or
damage properties.
COVERAGE
COVERED VEHICLE refers to any closed van, hauler or cargo
truck/trailer , PUV, shuttle service, or tanker truck and such other
vehicles as may hereinafter be determined and included by the
Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC), now
the Department of Transportation (DOTr) for the purpose of
applying the provisions of this Act, excluding taxicabs, and public
utility jeepneys (PUJs), without prejudice to the review by the
DOTC after one (1) year on the necessity of their inclusion in the
coverage of this Act.
CLOSED VAN refers to a large motor vehicle, usually with an

enclosed cargo space, designed to carry goods for commercial
purposes, or engaged in services of transporting personal effects.
HAULER OR CARGO TRUCK/TRAILER refers to a motor vehicle

designed for transporting heavy or oversized loads or cargoes.
51
PUBLIC UTILITY VEHICLE (PUV) refers to a motor vehicle

considered as a public transport conveyance or common carrier
duly registered with the Land Transportation Office (LTO) and
granted a franchise by the Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB).
SHUTTLE SERVICE refers to any motor vehicle provided by

government or private company or establishment whether owned
or leased from another entity to transport its employees to and
from the work premises or clients between designated origin and
destination and carrying not less than four (4) passengers.
TANKER TRUCK refers to a motor vehicle designated for

transporting or carrying gas, oil or liquid, flammable, combustible,
corrosive or hazardous materials or substances in bulk such as
molasses or water.
MANDATORY INSTALLATION OF SPEED LIMITER

No covered vehicle shall be allowed to run in any road, street or
highway in the Philippines without a standard speed limiter in
accordance with the standards and specifications approved by the
DOTr.
NO SPEED LIMITER, NO REGISTRATION

No covered vehicle shall be registered by the LTO whether for
initial or renewal of registration, or issued franchise by the LTFRB
without the standard speed limiter certified by the DTI installed and
set in the vehicle.
SETTING OF STANDARDS
The DOTr shall, in accordance with acceptable international
standards, determine the specifications of the speed limiters that
may be allowed to be installed in the covered vehicles. The LTO or
the LTFRB, shall supervise and inspect the setting of speed limiter
corresponding to the maximum allowed in the route plied by a
particular covered vehicle.
52
FINES and PENALTIES
A Driver who operates a Motor Vehicle without speed limiter or the

owner/operator who allows such driver to operate an MV without
speed limiter.
A driver, owner or operator who operates or allows a person to

operate a motor vehicle with a nonfunctioning or tampered speed
limiter.
First Offense - Fifty Thousand Pesos

(Php 50,000.00)
Plus, a one (1) month suspension
of driver's license or three (3)
months suspension of MV
franchise
Second Offense - Fifty Thousand Pesos

(Php 50,000.00)
Revocation of driver's license or
six (6) months suspension of MV
franchise
Third Offense - Fifty Thousand Pesos

(Php 50,000.00)
Revocation of driver's license or
one (1) year suspension of MV
franchise
ANY PERSON - Thirty Thousand Pesos

FOUND GUILTY (Php 30,000.00)
OF TAMPERING A
SPEED LIMITER Imprisonment of not less than six
(6) months but not more than
three (3) years
53
The suspension of the franchise of the covered vehicle shall be

effective immediately upon the date of issuance of the order of
suspension. Provided, that period of suspension will subsist if the
fine has not been paid within one (1) year from the order of
suspension.
Vehicles operating without a speed limiter or a malfunctioning or

tampered speed limiter shall be impounded immediately and shall
only release upon payment of the appropriate fines.
ENFORCEMENT AND ADJUDICATION
Inspection of Covered Vehicles Law - LTO and LTFRB Law

Enforcement Officer (LEO) and its duly deputized agents shall
have the authority to inspect apprehended vehicles for violating
traffic rules and regulations and any other law, for non-compliance
with this Act. The LTFRB shall have the authority to inspect and
apprehend covered PUVs committing violations or failing to
comply with the provisions of this Act. Non-installation and
tampering of the speed limiter shall be liable to the penalty
provisions thereof.
Enforcement Procedure - The driver, upon lawful demand by the

LTO LEO, shall surrender his/her driver's license and present the
Certificate of Registration (CR), current Official Receipt (OR) of
registration, and certificate of conformity. In the event of a
violation, the LTO LEO shall immediately impound the vehicle in
the designated impoundment area of the LTO. The impounded
vehicle shall only be released upon payment of fines as provided
in the penalty provisions hereof and installation or recalibration of
the tampered speed limiter device.
54
“AN ACT RATIONALIZING AND STRENGTHENING THE
POLICY REGARDING DRIVER'S LICENSE BY
EXTENDING THE VALIDITY PERIOD OF DRIVER’S
LICENSES, AND PENALIZING ACTS IN VIOLATION OF
ITS ISSUANCE AND APPLICATION, AMENDING FOR
THOSE PURPOSES SECTION 23 OF REPUBLIC ACT
NO. 4136, AS AMENDED BY BATAS PAMBANSA BLG.
398 AND EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 1011, OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE LAND TRANSPORTATION AND
TRAFFIC CODE”
ISSUANCE OF DRIVER'S LICENSE, FEES AND VALIDITY

The Land Transportation Office (LTO) Head or his/her deputies
find that the applicant possesses the necessary qualifications and
proficiency in the operation of motor vehicles, is able to read and
write any of the official languages or a major dialect and knows
how to read and interpret various traffic signs, signals and road
markings, a professional or nonprofessional license may be issued
to such applicant upon payment of the fee prescribed in
accordance with law but prior to the issuance of said license.
The applicant shall present himself/herself in person and have

his/her photograph taken by the LTO. All driver’s licenses issued
shall be signed in the presence of the LTO Head or his/her
deputies and shall bear, among others, the full name, date of birth,
height, weight, sex, color of eyes, blood type, complete current
address, biometrics, license number, and its date of issue and
expiration.
55
All drivers' licenses shall be valid for five (5) years reckoned from
the birthdate of the licensee, unless sooner revoked or suspended
However, any holder of a professional or nonprofessional driver's
license who has not committed any violation of Republic Act No.
4136 and other traffic laws, rules and regulations shall be entitled
to a renewal of such license for ten (10) years.
The LTO shall now use such process or adopt such measure as
will prevent any alteration or falsification of a license or will enable
the LTO to detect any unauthorized license.
The local government units (LGUs), the Metropolitan Manila

Development Authority (MMDA) or other agencies lawfully issuing
traffic violation receipts shall report within a reasonable time the
details of the traffic violation to the LTO. The LTO, shall serve as
the repository of all traffic violation records.
ESTABLISHMENT OF STRICTER RULES BEFORE THE

ISSUANCE OF DRIVER'S LICENSE.
The LTO shall promulgate prerequisites and guidelines to ensure

that driver’s licenses are issued only to deserving applicants with
sufficient driving skills and knowledge on road safety and proper
road courtesy.
The conduct of theoretical and practical examinations, among

others, must sufficiently measure the competency of drivers and
must be designed to the type of license applied for its
corresponding restrictions: Provided. That for professional drivers,
the tests must be appropriated the vehicle and type of service the
applicant intends to operate."
56
FINES and PENALTIES
A. APPLICANT
A fine in the amount of Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00) shall

be imposed upon an applicant for a driver's license found to have
committed any of the following acts:
"(1) Willful misrepresentation with respect to material information

in one's application;
"(2) Connivance with the officer in the irregular conduct of

examinations or issuance of license;
"(3) Falsification of documents; or
"(4) Cheating during examinations.
Any or all of the acts abovementioned shall be punished whether

or not a license was granted by reason of such misrepresentation,
connivance, falsification or cheating.
In addition to the abovementioned fine, the driver's license of an

erring applicant, if one is granted by reason of such
misrepresentation, connivance, falsification or cheating shall be
revoked, and the applicant shall be prohibited from applying for a
period of two (2) years. The repetition of such offense shall
warrant the perpetual disqualification from being granted a driver's
license in addition to the fine above-stated; and
A holder of a driver's license who acts in violation of the provisions

of Republic Act No. 4136 and other existing traffic laws shall suffer
corresponding penalties as may be provided by law and other
issuances.
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In case of death or physical injuries resulting in the loss of any part

of the victim's body or the use thereof, insanity, imbecility
impotence or blindness, or incapacity to work for more than ninety
(90) days, the license of the offending driver shall be revoked for a
period of (4) years, after a finding by the court that such driver was
negligent or at fault
The Department of Transportation (DOTr) and the LTO shall, in

coordination with the Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB) and other concerned agencies and
private stakeholders, aggressively and regularly conduct a
nationwide information, education and communication (IEC)
campaign on road safety, including the list of measures
implemented pursuant to and violations punishable under this Act
B. OFFICER
Any officer who, in any manner, issues a driver's license without

the necessary examinations, connives with the applicant for the
irregular issuance of a license, or who, by gross negligence,
issues a driver's license to an unqualified applicant shall suffer a
penalty of removal from the service with all the accessory
penalties attached thereto.
58
“CHILD SAFETY IN MOTOR VEHILCES ACT”
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE SPECIAL PROTECTION OF

CHILD PASSENGERS IN MOTOR VEHICLES AND
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR
It is the policy of the State to ensure the safety of children while

being transported in any form of motor vehicle. The State
recognizes the right of children to assistance, including proper;
care, and special protection from all forms of neglect, abuse and
other conditions prejudicial to their development, including
exposure to safety risks while aboard motor vehicles.
In order to guarantee the safety and welfare of infants and children

and prevent traffic-related deaths and injuries., there is a need to
adequately, consistently and objectively require, regulate,
promote, and inform the public on the use of child restraint
systems in motor vehicles and provide access to safe, appropriate,
quality and affordable child restraint systems, in accordance with
international standards accepted by the United Nations.
Furthermore, there is also a need to study and determine

appropriate safety measures for children being transported in
public utility vehicles.
59
DEFINITON OF TERMS
(a) Adult refers to any person eighteen (18) years old and above;
(b) Child refers to any person twelve (12) years old and below;
(c) Child Restraint System refers to a device, approved in

accordance with Section 6 of this Act, capable of
accommodating a child occupant in a sitting or supine position.
It is so designed as to diminish the risk of injury to the wearer,
in the event of a collision or of abrupt deceleration of the
vehicle, by limiting the mobility of the child’s body.
(d) Import Commodity Clearance (ICC) refers to a document

issued by the DTI – Bureau of Philippine Standards (DTI-BIS)
attesting that the imported product conforms to the
requirements of the relevant Philippine National Standards.
(e) Philippine Standard (PS) Safety Certification Mark refers to a

mark of conformity to product safety standards, which appears
on a product or product packaging.
COVERED VEHICLES
(a) Any motor vehicle owned by individuals and juridical persons
for private use;
(b) Private vehicles covered by a long-term lease contract

between the rental company and lessee, driven exclusively by
the lessee and exempted from securing a franchise from the
Land Transportation and Franchising Regulatory Board
(LTFRB) under LTFRB Memorandum Circular No. 2011-008;
and
(c) Private vehicles rented out for a free required to secure a

franchise from the LTFRB under LTFRB Memorandum
Circular No. 98-027.
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MANDATORY USE OF CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS IN

MOTOR VEHICLES
It is unlawful for the driver of a covered vehicle not to properly

secure at all times a child, in a child restraint system while the
engine is running or when transporting such child on any road,
street or highway unless the child is at least one hundred fifty
(150) centimeters or fifty-nine (59) inches in height and is properly
secured using the regular seat belt.
The driver must ensure that:
1) The child restraint system is correctly installed in the vehicle

through proper anchorage points;
2) The child restraint system is appropriate for the child’s age,

height and weight;
3) The harness straps and lap belt are firmly buckled and not
twisted;
4) The shoulder strap crosses the center of the child’s chest and
not the child’s neck; and
5) The lap belt fits across the child’s thighs and hips and not
across the abdomen.
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EXEMPTIONS
This circumstances where the use of the child restraint system

would put a child in greater danger, such as:
1) During medical emergencies;
2) When the child being transported has a medical, mental,

psychological, psychiatric or developmental condition; or
3) Other analogous circumstances as may be determined by the

DOTr in consultation with the DOH.
The child being secured in a child restraint system, at no instance

shall such child be left unaccompanied by an adult in a motor
vehicle.
FINES and PENALTIES
First Offense - Php 1,000.00
Second Offense - Php 2,000.00
Third and Succeeding - Php 5,000.00

Offenses and suspension of the driver’s
license for a period of one (1)
year
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Manufacturers, Distributors Importers, Retailer and Sellers
• Must secure PS mark license or Import Clearance Certificate

License
• Must not use, import, sell, distribute or market the use of

substandard or expired child restraint system
• Php 50,000.00 but not more than Php 100,000.00 - for each
and every child restraint system product,
• Other penalties imposed in Republic Act No. 7394 or the

“Consumer Act of the Philippines”:
Tampering, Alteration, Forgery and Imitation of the PS mark

or the ICC Stickers in the Child Restraint System
• Php 50,000.00 but not more than Php 100,000.00
• For each and every child restraint system product,
• Other penalties imposed in Republic Act No. 7394 or the

“Consumer Act of the Philippines”:
63
“MOTORCYCLE CRIME PREVENTION ACT”
AN ACT PREVENTING AND PENALIZING THE USE OF

MOTORCYCLES IN THE COMMISSION OF CRIMES BY
REQUIRING BIGGER, READABLE AND COLOR-CODED
NUMBER PLATES AND IDENTIFICATION MARKS, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
It is hereby declared the policy of the State to secure and
safeguard its citizenry from crimes committed with the use of
motorcycles through bigger, readable and color-coded number
plates and identification marks.
REGISTRATION BY THE OWNER

Initial registration of a motorcycle shall be made with the LTO by
the owner or the dealer, if authorized by the former, within five (5)
days from the date of the sales invoice for brand new locally
purchased motorcycles, or from the Certificate of Stock Reported
(CSR) report date for new or used imported motorcycles.
Any sale or disposition thereafter shall be reported by the owner to

the LTO within three (3) days upon such sale/disposition, by
presenting an original copy and furnishing a machine copy of the
notarized Deed of Sale or similar document evidencing the
disposition of the motorcycle, to the LTO office where the latest
Certification of Registration was issued.
64
Metal plate shall be 235mm in width and 135mm height, and

made of suitable and durable aluminum substrate material with
reflectorized background and security features. The font size for all
alpha numeric is 60 mm tall.
Decal plate shall be 135mm in width and 85mm in height, and

made of suitable and durable sticker material with reflectorized
alphanumeric characters and security features. The font size for all
alphanumeric characters is 40mm tall. (Specifications may subject
to change).
a. Private Motorcycle
- white background with color stripe and black alphanumeric
characters.
Color Stripe Placement
REGIONS
Top Bottom
NCR White
CAR Pink White
1 Green White
2 Red White
3 Blue White
4A Purple White
4B Orange White
5 Gray White
6 White Purple
7 White Orange
8 White Green
9 White Red
10 White Gray
11 White Blue
12 White Brown
CARAGA White Pink
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b. Public Utility Motorcycle
- with yellow background and black alphanumeric characters.
c. Government Motorcycle
- with white background and red alphanumeric characters.
d. Diplomatic Motorcycle
- with white background and blue alphanumeric characters.
The number plates shall be kept clean and cared for, and shall be
firmly affixed to the motorcycles.
FINES and PENALTIES

Failure to Register or to Report Sale or Disposition
VIOLATION PENALTY
Failure of the buyer to register Fine of P20,000.00 - P50,000.00

the motorcycle to LTO within or,
five (5) days from acquisition of
ownership. Arresto Mayor (1 month and 1
day to 6 months) to Prision
Failure of the subsequent seller Correccional (6 months and 1
to notify the LTO within three day to 6 yrs.),
(3) days from the sale of
motorcycle or both
Driving without a Number Plate or Readable Number Plate
VIOLATION PENALTY
Fine of P50,000.00 - P100,000.00, or

Driving without a number
Prision Correccional (6 months and 1
plate or a readable
day to 6 yrs.),
number plate
or both
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Failure to Surrender Seized Motorcycle
VIOLATION PENALTY
Any law enforcer who shall fail

to surrender to proper Prision Correccional (6 months
authorities a seized and 1 day to 6 yrs.)
motorcycle within 24 hours
Grave Felony/Less Grave Felony/Light Felony

ARTICLE 9. Grave Felonies, Less Grave Felonies and Light
Felonies. (REVISED PENAL CODE)
Grave felonies are those to which the law attaches the capital
punishment or penalties which in any of their periods are afflictive,
in accordance with article 25 of this Code.
Less grave felonies are those which the law punishes with
penalties which in their maximum period are correctional, in
accordance with the abovementioned article.
Light felonies are those infractions of law for the commission of

which the penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding to 200
pesos or both, is provided.
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Use of a Motorcycle in the Commission of the Crime
VIOLATION PENALTY
If a motorcycle is used in the Reclusion Temporal (12

commission of a crime constituting a yrs. and 1 day to 20 yrs.) to
grave felony under the Revised Reclusion Perpetua
Penal Code (owner, driver and (imprisonment for at least 30
backrider or passenger) yrs.)
If a motorcycle is used in the Prision Correccional (6

commission of a crime constituting a months and 1 day to 6 yrs.)
less grave felony or light felony (e.g to
slight physical injuries; theft;
alteration of boundary marks) under Prision Mayor (6 yrs. and 1
the Revised Penal Code day to 20 yrs.)
If a seized motorcycle is used in the Maximum penalty of the

commission of a crime relevant crime or offense
Reclusion Perpetua
If death or serious physical injuries
(imprisonment for at least 30
(unlawful use of motorcycle)
yrs.)
Impoundment and Forfeiture of a Motorcycle

A motorcycle used in the commission of a crime or offense shall
be impounded by the PNP as evidence in custodia legis (property
take into the court’s custody during the pendency of litigation over
it) in a secured impounding center provided by the Local
Government Unit (LGU) until the termination of the case. Such
motorcycle shall then be forfeited in favor of the government,
unless the court finds that the defendant is not guilty of the offense
charged or such motorcycle belongs to an innocent third party.
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Loss of Number Plate –

must be reported to LTO within 72 hours
VIOLATION PENALTY
Failure of the owner to

report a lost, damaged or
Fine of P20,000.00 – P50,000.00
stolen motorcycle plate and
apply for replacement
Failure to report the lost, Arresto Mayor (1 month and 1 day

damaged or stolen number to 6 months) to
plate or readable number Prision Correccional (6 months
plate and used in a crime and 1 day to 6 yrs.)
Use of a Stolen Number Plate or Readable Number Plate
VIOLATION PENALTY
Fine of P50,000.00 – P100,000.00 or

Use of a stolen or
transfer of number plate Prision Mayor (6 yrs. And 1 day to 20
or readable number plate yrs.),
in a motorcycle
Or both
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Erasing, Tampering, Forging, Imitating, Covering or

Concealing a Number Plate or Readable Number Plate and
Intentional Use Thereof
VIOLATION PENALTY
Erasing, tampering, altering, Fine of P50,000.00 – P100,000.00,

forging, imitating, covering, or
concealing a number plate
Prision Mayor (6 yrs. And 1 day to
or readable number plate
20 yrs.)
Or both
Knowingly sells or buys an Prision Mayor (6 yrs. And 1 day to

erased, tampered, altered, 20 yrs.)
forged or imitated number
plate or readable number Arresto Mayor (1 month and 1 day
plate to 6 months)
Unknowingly sells or buys

…
Prohibition on Sale and Importation of Non-Complaint

Motorcycles
No person, natural or juridical, shall be allowed to sell motorcycles,

as defined under Section 3(c) of this IRR, unless the same has the
capability to bear and showcase a readable number plate required
under section 5 of this IRR.
Owners of existing motorcycle units which do not have space for
front plate are required to provide a bracket or any other provision
where the same shall be installed.
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• Violations in Connection with Licensing
• Violations in Connection with Motor Vehicle

Registration / Renewal / Operation
• Violations in Connection with Dimensions,

Specifications, Weight and Load Limits
• Violations in Connection with Franchise
71
Chapter III
Fines and Penalties for Violations of Laws, Rules and
Regulations Governing Land Transportation
TEMPORARY OPERATOR’S PERMIT (TOP)

Serves as a permit to operate a motor vehicle for a period of seventy-
two (72) hours only. All apprehensions are deemed admitted unless
contested by filling a written contest within five (5) days from date of
apprehension. Failure of the driver to pay the corresponding penalty
within fifteen (15) days from the date of apprehension shall cause
automatic suspension of his driver’s license for a period of thirty (30)
days from the date of apprehension, in addition to the fines and
penalties prescribed hereunder. The LTO shall resolve a contested
case within five (5) days from receipt of said written contest.
The imposition of the fines and penalties shall be without prejudice to

any criminal action that may be instituted under existing laws, rules
and regulations.
VIOLATIONS IN CONNECTION
WITH LICENSING
A. DRIVING WITHOUT A VALID Php 3,000.00

DRIVER’S LICENSE /
CONDUCTOR’S PERMIT
This includes driving within an In addition, the unlicensed or

expired, revoked, suspended, improperly licensed driver
inappropriate driver’s license shall be disqualified from
restriction code, inappropriate being granted a driver’s
driver’s license classification, license and driving a motor
fake driver’s license, tourist vehicle for a period of one (1)
driving a motor vehicle with a year from the payment of the
valid foreign driving license fine.
beyond the 90-day maximum
allowable period and a student
driver driving without being
accompanied by a duly licensed
driver.
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B. DRIVING A MOTOR VEHICLE Php 10,000.00
USED IN THE COMMISSION OF
A CRIME UPON CONVICTION In addition, the driver’s
BY A REGULAR COURT OF license shall be confiscated
COMPETENT JURISDICTION and upon conviction for the
crime, revoked and the driver
shall be perpetually
disqualified from being
granted a driver’s license and
driving a motor vehicle.
The motor vehicle driven by

the violator shall likewise be
impounded until ordered to
be released by a regular
court of competent
jurisdiction after payment of
appropriate fines and
penalties.
C. COMMISSION OF A CRIME IN Php 10,000.00

THE COURSE OF
In addition, the driver’s
APPREHENSION UPON
license shall be confiscated,
CONVICTION BY A REGULAR
and revoked upon conviction
COURT OF COMPETENT
for the crime. The driver shall
JURISDICTION
be disqualified from being
granted a driver’s license for
a period of 5 years counted
from the date of payment of
penalties
The motor vehicle driven by

the violator shall likewise be
impounded until ordered to
be released by a regular
court of competent
jurisdiction after payment of
penalties.
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D. Refer to R.A. No. 10586 Anti-Drunk and Drugged
Driving Act of 2013
E. RECKLESS DRIVING First offense Php 2,000.00

Second offense Php 3,000.00
No person shall operate a
motor vehicle on any highway Subsequent offense Php10,000.00
recklessly or without
In addition, the driver’s license
reasonable caution
shall be suspended for a period
considering the width, traffic,
of three (3) months for the
grades, crossing, curvatures,
second offense and six (6)
visibility and other conditions
months for the third offense
of the highway and the
from payment of fine and
conditions of the atmosphere
revocation of driver’s license on
and weather, or so to
the succeeding offense.
endanger the property of the
safety or rights of any person A revoked non-professional
or so as to cause excessive or driver shall be disqualified from
unreasonable damage to the being granted a driver’s license
highway. for a period of two (2) years
counted from date of
This includes driving with an revocation.
improperly registered motor
vehicle or a motor vehicle with A revoked professional driver
expired, revoked, suspended, shall be perpetually disqualified
or invalid registration, from getting any driver’s
unregistered of fake substitute license.
or replacement engine, engine
block or chassis.
F. SUBMISSION OF FAKE Php 3,000.00

DOCUMENTS IN RELATION
In addition, the driver’s license
TO THE APPLICATION FOR
shall be put on alarm, revoked
A DRIVER’S LICENSE
and the driver shall be
(NEW/RENEWAL)
disqualified from being granted
a driver’s license and driving a
motor vehicle for a period of
one (1) year from the payment
of the fine without prejudice to
the filing of appropriate criminal
charges.
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G. Refer to R.A. No. 8750 Seat Belts Use Act of
1999
H. Refer to R.A No. 10054 Motorcycle Helmet Act

of 2009
I. FAILURE TO CARRY DRIVER'S Php 1,000.00

LICENSE, CERTIFICATE OF
REGISTRATION OR OFFICIAL
RECEIPT WHILE DRIVING A
MOTOR VEHICLE
J. ALL OTHER VIOLATIONS OF Php 1,000.00

TRAFFIC RULES AND
REGULATIONS
This includes the following traffic violations:

1. Parking
a. In an intersection
b. Within 6 meters of the intersection
c. In front of the driveway entrance
d. Within 4 meters of a fire hydrant
e. In front of a private driveway
f. On the roadway side of any unmoving or parked MV at the
curb or edge of the highway
g. At any place where signs of prohibitions have been installed
2. Disregarding Traffic Signs.
3. Allowing passengers on top or cover of a motor vehicle except in
a truck helper.
4. Failure to provide canvass cover to cargoes or freight of trucks
requiring the same.
5. Permitting passenger to ride on running board, step board or
mudguard of MV while the same in motion.
6. Failure to dim headlights when approaching another motor
vehicle.
7. Driving in a place not intended for traffic or into place not allowed
for parking.
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8. Hitching or permitting a person or a bicycle, motorcycle, tricycle or
skate roller to hitch to a motor vehicle.
9. Driving against traffic - failure to pass to the right when meeting

persons or vehicles coming towards him.
10. Illegal turn - failure to conduct the motor vehicle to the right of the
intersection of the highway when turning to the left in going from
one highway to another.
11. Illegal overtaking - failure to pass to the left when overtaking

person or vehicles going to the same direction except when there
are two or more lanes for the movement of traffic in one direction.
12. Overtaking at unsafe distance - failure to pass at a safe distance

to the left of another motor vehicle when overtaking that vehicle.
13. Cutting an overtaken vehicle - driving to the right side of the

highway after overtaking before his motor vehicle is safely clear of
such overtaken vehicle.
14. Failure to give way to an overtaking vehicle - failure to give way to

another vehicle approaching from the rear that wishes to overtake
his vehicle when the former has given suitable and audible signal.
15. Increasing speed when being overtaken - increasing the speed of

the motor vehicle before the overtaking vehicle has completely
passed.
16. Overtaking when left side is not visible or clear of oncoming traffic
- driving to the left side of the center line of a highway in
overtaking or passing another vehicle proceeding in the same
direction where the left side is not clearly visible and is not free of
oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance to pass in safely.
17. Overtaking upon a crest of a grade - overtaking or passing

another vehicle proceeding in the same direction when
approaching the crest of a grade.
18. Overtaking upon a curve - overtaking or passing another vehicle

proceeding in the same direction upon a curve in a highway
where the driver's view along the highway is obstructed within a
distance of 500 feet ahead.
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19. Overtaking at any railway grade crossing - overtaking or passing
another vehicle proceeding in the same direction at any railway
grade crossing.
20. Overtaking at an intersection - overtaking or passing another

vehicle in the same direction at any intersection of highways
except on a highway having two or more lanes for movement of
traffic in one direction where the driver of a vehicle may overtake
another vehicle on the right.
21. Overtaking on "men working" or "caution" signs - overtaking or

passing or attempting to overtake or pass another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction between warning or caution
signs indicating that men are working on a highway.
22. Overtaking at no overtaking zone - overtaking or passing or

attempting to overtake or pass another vehicle proceeding in the
same direction in any "no passing or overtaking” zone.
23. Failure to yield the right of way - failure of a vehicle on the left to
yield the right of way to the vehicle on the right when these
vehicles approach or enter an intersection at approximately the
same time.
24. Failure to yield the right of way - failure of the vehicle approaching
but not having entered an intersection to yield the right of way to a
vehicle within such intersection or turning therein to the left across
the line of travel of the first mentioned vehicle when such vehicle
has given a plainly visible signal of intention to turn.
25. Failure to yield the right of way - failure of the driver of any vehicle
upon a highway within a business or residential district to yield the
right of way to a pedestrian crossing such highway within a
crosswalk except at intersection where the movement of traffic is
regulated by a peace officer or by traffic signal.
26. Failure to stop before traversing a "through highway" or railroad

crossing - failure of the driver of a vehicle upon a highway to bring
to a full stop such vehicle before traversing any "through highway"
or railroad crossing.
77
27. Failure to yield right way of way - failure of a vehicle entering a
highway from a private road or driver upon a highway to yield the
right of way to all vehicles approaching on such highway.
28. Failure to yield a right of way to ambulance, police or fire

department vehicles - failure of a driver upon a highway to yield
the right of way to police or fire department vehicles and
ambulances when such vehicles are operated on official business
and the drivers thereof sound audible signal on their approach.
29. Failure to yield right of way at a "through highway" or a "stop-

intersection" - failure of a vehicle entering a "through highway" or
a "stop intersection" to yield right of way to all vehicles
approaching in either direction on such "through highway".
30. Failure to give proper signal - failure to give the appropriate signal
before starting, stopping or turning from a direct line.
31. Illegal turn - failure of the driver of a motor vehicle intending to run
to the right at an intersection to approach such intersection in the
lane for traffic nearest to be right-hand side of the highway and, in
turning, to keep as close as possible to right-hand curve or edge
of the highway.
32. Illegal turn - failure of the driver of a vehicle intending to turn to

the left, to approach such intersection in the lane for traffic to the
right of and nearest to the center line of the highway, and in,
turning to pass to the left of the center of the intersection except
upon highway laned for traffic and upon one-way highway.
33. Failure to stop motor and notch handbrake of motor vehicle when
unattended - failure to turn off the ignition switch and stop the
motor and notch effectively the handbrake when parking a motor
vehicle unattended on any highway.
34. Unsafe towing.
35. Obstruction - obstructing the free passage of other vehicles on the

highway while discharging or taking passengers or loading and
unloading freight, or driving a motor vehicle in such a manner as
to obstruct or impede the passage of any vehicle.
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36. MC carrying more passengers other than the back rider or cargo
other than the saddle bags and luggage carriers.
37. Refusal to render service to the public or convey passenger to

destination.
38. Overcharging or undercharging of fare.
39. No franchise / Certificate of Public Convenience or evidence of

franchise presented during apprehension or carried inside the
motor vehicle.
40. Fraud and falsities such as presentation of fake and spurious

CPC, OR/CR, plates, stickers and tags.
41. Operating the unit/s with defective parts and accessories.
42. Failure to provide fare discount to those entitled under existing

laws and pertinent Memorandum Circulars of the LTFRB.
43. Fast, tampered, defective taximeter or operating without or with

an old seal taximeter.
44. Tampered, broken, joined, reconnected, fake or altered sealing

wire.
45. No signboards.
46. Pick and Drop of Passengers outside the terminal.
47. Carrying of illegal and/or prohibited cargoes.
48. Failure to provide the fire extinguisher and required "STOP and
GO" signage for use of each vehicle.
49. Trip cutting.
50. Failure to display fare matrix.
51. Breach of franchise conditions under 2011 Revised Terms and

Conditions of CPC not otherwise herein provided.
79
VIOLATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH MOTOR VEHICLE
REGISTRATION/RENEWAL/OPERATION
VIOLATIONS FINES AND PENALTIES
A. DRIVING AN UNREGISTERED Php 10,000.00

MOTOR VEHICLE
This includes driving with an In addition, in case of non-
improperly registered motor registration and the violation
vehicle or a motor vehicle with has exceeded one (1) month,
expired, revoked, suspended or the motor vehicle shall be
invalid registration, unregistered impounded and shall be
or fake substitute or replacement released only upon its valid
engine, engine block or chassis registration and payment of
penalties.
In the case of undocumented
engines, the motor vehicle
shall be impounded and shall
be barred for a period of one
(1) year from payment of the
fines.
The undocumented engines
shall likewise be confiscated
in favor of the government.
B. UNATHORIZED MOTOR Php 5,000.00

VEHICLE MODIFICATION
In addition, the motor vehicle
This includes change in color and shall be impounded and shall
other unauthorized modifications be released only upon
of the standard manufacturer's inspection, correction of
specification not covered by the defect and payment of the
preceding section a. fine.
C. OPERATING A RIGHT HAND Php 50,000.00

DRIVE MOTOR VEHICLE
shall be impounded and
subject to inspection, if
defect was corrected and
payment of the fine.
80
D. MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATING Php 5,000.00
WITHOUT OR WITH DEFECTIVE/
IMPROPER /UNAUTHORIZED In addition, the motor vehicle
ACCESSORIES, DEVICES, shall be impounded until the
EQUIPMENT AND PARTS accessory, device, equipment
This includes bells/horns/sirens/ or part is properly installed,
whistles, blinkers, early warning corrected or removed, as the
device (EWD), grill/s, jalousies, brake case may be and payment of
(foot and hand brakes), brake lights the fine.
/headlights /interior lights /signal
lights /tail lights, mirrors, mufflers, The improper or unauthorized
metallic tires / spare tire, accessory, device, equipment
speedometer, windshield, wipers or or part shall likewise be
any other accessory, device, confiscated in favor of the
equipment or part that is manifestly government.
prejudicial to road safety.
E. FAILURE TO ATTACH OR Php 5,000.00
IMPROPER ATTACHMENT/
TAMPERING OF AUTHORIZED In addition, the authorized
MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE motor vehicle license
PLATES AND/OR THIRD PLATE plate/third plate sticker shall
STICKER be properly attached and the
This includes the attachment of any unauthorized plate, accessory
unauthorized plate/s or any and/or device removed and
accessory or device to and/or around confiscated in favor of the
the authorized motor vehicle license government.
plate, or any manner of attachment
that impedes in any way the visibility
or reflectivity of the authorized motor
vehicle license plate and/or the third
plate sticker.
F. Refer to R.A No. 8749 Philippine Clean Air Act of
1999
G. FRAUD IN RELATION TO THE Php 3,000.00
REGISTRATION OF THE MOTOR
VEHICLE AND/OR ITS RENEWAL
shall be impounded and shall
be barred from registration for
a period of one (1) year from
the payment of the fine.
H. ALL OTHER VIOLATION IN Php 2,000.00
CONNECTION WITH MOTOR
VEHICLE REGISTRATION/
RENEWAL /OPERATION
81
VIOLATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH DIMENSIONS,
SPECIFICATIONS, WEIGHT AND LOAD LIMITS

A. LOAD EXTENDING Php 1,000.00
BEYOND PROJECTED
WIDTH WITHOUT Fine shall be imposed upon the
PERMIT driver of the motor vehicle for
operating a motor vehicle with any
part of the load extending beyond
the projected width of the vehicle
without special permit.
B. AXLE OVERLOADING An amount equivalent to 25% of

MVUC at the time of infringement
on owner/operator or driver of
trucks and trailers for loading
beyond their registered gross
weight, vehicle weight.
The penalty shall be waived for

loads exceeding the registered
GVW by a tolerance of less than
5%.
No motor vehicle shall be allowed

to proceed on the roadway if
either a dual-wheel axle load shall
exceed thirteen thousand five
hundred (13,500.00) kilograms
(kgs.) or the vehicle load exceeds
150% of the maximum allowable
gross weight. To be computed
based on formula.
C. OPERATING A Php 1,000.00

PASSENGER
BUS/TRUCK WITH Fine shall be imposed upon the
CARGO EXCEEDING driver and conductor of the motor
160 KILOGRAMS vehicle.
82
VIOLATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH FRANCHISE
PENALTIES FOR FIRST

(1ST) OFFENSE
TYPE OF Minimum
TYPE OF VIOLATION
VEHICLE Impounding
FINE STATUS of CPC
Period
(until)
1. Colorum Violation - A 1. Revocation of
motor vehicle is the ENTIRE
considered operating Certificate of
as "colorum" under Public
any of the following Convenience
circumstances: ("CPC") where
the apprehended
a. A private motor vehicle belongs
vehicle operating as (except when
a PUV but without apprehended
proper authority from vehicle is with
the LTFRB; private/green
plate);
b. A PUV operating BUS Php 2. Blacklisting of

outside of its 1 Million the apprehended
approved route or vehicle and all
area without a prior TRUCKS Php other authorized
permit from the 200,000.00 units included in
Board or outside the the CPC from
exceptions provided JEEPNEY Php being used as a
under existing 50,000.00 public utility
3
memorandum vehicle; and
Months
circulars; VANS Php
200,000.00 3. Revocation of
the registration of
c. A PUV operating SEDAN Php the apprehended
differently from its 120,000.00 vehicle and all
authorized other authorized
denomination (ex. MC Php units included in
those approved as 6,000.00 the franchise.
school service but
operating as UV
express, or those
approved as tourist
bus transport but
operating as city or
provincial bus); and
83
PENALTIES FOR
TYPE OF VIOLATION
2ND OFFENSE
d. A PUV with 1. Revocation of ALL CPCs (entire fleet) of

suspended or the operator;
cancelled CPC and
Decision/Order of 2. Disqualification of the operator, and, in
the suspension or case of a corporation, all its stockholders
cancellation is and directors, to operate any kind of public
executory; and land transportation;
3. Blacklisting of ALL authorized units (entire

e. A PUV with expired
fleet) of the operator from being used as
CPC and without a
public utility vehicle; and
pending application
for extension of
validity timely filed 4. Revocation of the registration of ALL
before the Board. authorized units (entire fleet) of the
operator.
In determining the frequency of offenses, the

LTFRB and its RFRBs will count offenses
against operators and not against a particular
motor vehicle or CPC. Hence, the second
apprehension of a vehicle belonging to the
same operator, regardless of whether the first
and second vehicle apprehended are included
in the same or different CPCs, shall be
counted as second (2nd) offense.
If a private motor vehicle operating as a PUV

but without proper authority from the LTFRB is
apprehended, the LTFRB or RFRBs shall, in
addition to the abovementioned fines,
impounding, and penalty, disqualify the
registered owner, and, in case of a
corporation, all its stockholders and directors,
to operate any kind of public land
transportation.
84
2. Refusal to render service to the

public or convey passenger to
destination*
1st Offense – Php 5,000.00
3. Overcharging / undercharging of
fare* 2nd Offense – Php 10,000.00
and impounding of unit for
thirty (30) days
4. Failure to provide proper body
markings 3rd and Subsequent Offenses
- Php 15,000.00 and
cancellation of CPC where the
5. No franchise / Certificate of
unit is authorized
Public Convenience or evidence
of franchise presented during
apprehension or carried inside
the motor vehicle*
6. Fraud and falsities such as Revocation/Cancellation of the

presentation of fake and spurious franchise/Certificate of Public
CPC, OR/CR, plates, stickers Convenience, after due notice of
and tags* hearing pursuant to LTFRB
Memorandum Circular No. 2013-003
7. Employing reckless, insolent, 1st Offense - Php 5,000.00

discourteous or arrogant drivers
2nd Offense - Php 10,000.00
and impounding of unit for
thirty (30) days
8. Allowing an unauthorized driver
to drive PUV or allowing a driver 3rd and Subsequent Offenses
to drive PUV without bringing - Php 15,000.00 and
his/her driver's license cancellation of CPC where the
unit is authorized
85
9. Operating the units / with

defective parts and
accessories*
10. Failure to provide fare discount

to those entitled under existing
laws and pertinent
Memorandum Circulars of the
LTFRB*
11. Failure to provide the Board

with complete, correct, and
updated operator's information
(such as, but not limited to
address, contact numbers, list
of drivers, etc.) and other forms 1st Offense - Php 5,000.00
of misrepresentation
2nd Offense - Php 10,000.00
12. Failure to display "No and impounding of unit for
Smoking"' signage and/or thirty (30) days
allowing personnel or
passenger to smoke inside the 3rd and Subsequent Offenses
vehicle – Php 15,000.00 and
13. Fast, tampered, defective unit is authorized
taximeter or operating without
or with an old seal taximeter
(TX only) *
14. Tampered, broken, joined,

reconnected, fake or altered
sealing wire (TX only) *
15. Violation of color scheme or

design/Adoption of new color
design without authority from
the Board (PUB and TX only)
16. Unregistered or unauthorized

trade/business name (PUB and
TX only)
17. No Panel Route (PUJ, PUB,

UV)
86
18. No sign board* (PUJ, PUB, UV)
19. Pick and Drop of Passengers 1st Offense - Php 5,000.00
outside the terminal ((PUJ, PUB,
UV) * 2nd Offense - Php 10,000.00
20. Carrying of illegal and/or and impounding of unit for thirty
prohibited cargoes* (30) days
21. Failure to provide fire
3rd and Subsequent Offenses
extinguisher and required "STOP
– Php 15,000.00 and
and GO" signage for use of each
vehicle (STS only) *
unit is authorized
22. Trip cutting (PUJ, PUB, UV) *
23. Failure to display fare matrix
(PUJ, PUB, UV) *
24. Failure to display the 1st Offense - Php 50,000.00

International Symbol of 2nd Offense - Php 75,000.00 and
Accessibility inside the units impounding of unit of at forty-five
and/or failure to designate seats
(45) days. An impounding fee of
specifically for the use of Persons
with Disabilities or failure or P500.00 per day shall be imposed.
refusal to transport PWD’s (PUJ, 3rd and Subsequent Offenses -
PUB, TTS, UV) Php 100,000.00 and cancellation of
CPC
25. Breach of franchise conditions 1st Offense - Php 5,000.00

under 2011 Revised Terms and 2nd Offense - Php 10,000.00 and
Conditions of CPC not otherwise impounding of unit for thirty (30) days
herein provided. * 3rd and subsequent Offenses -
Php 15,000.00 and cancellation of
CPC where the unit is authorized
Except in cases of colorum violation, as stated in number one (1), the LTFRB,
in the application of these fines and penalties, shall count offenses against
operators and not against a particular motor vehicle or CPC. Hence, the
second offense committed by a different vehicle of the same operator shall be
counted as second (2nd) offense and another offense by third vehicle with the
same operator shall be counted as a third (3rd) offense, provided all
apprehended vehicles belong to the same CPC.
Fines and penalties provided for under existing Memorandum Circulars of the
LTFRB which are not provided for in this Joint Administrative Order shall
continue to be applied by the Board and Regional Franchising and Regulatory
Offices.
87
88
89

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FDM Vol. 2 (2nd Edition)

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Compiled by Land Transportation Office.

All rights reserved. Applications for reproduction should be made

2nd Edition, 2021

Reference: Land Transportation rules, regulations and special laws

Information in this manual is for guidance only.

email at: tsd.ltocentral@gmail.com

The prevalent road crashes occurring daily illustrate a

Chapter I Motor Vehicle Registration 1

Chapter II Land Transportation Related

• Requirements for Renewal of Registration

• Motor Vehicle Registration Schedule

• Motor Vehicle User’s Charge

• Charges and Other Fees

I. INITIAL REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE

• Original LTO copy or electronically - Accredited insurance

3.1 Through the No Dollar Importation

- Original Affidavit of first and last - Bureau of Customs (BOC)

- Certified true copy of Release - Department of Trade and

• Original Affidavit of Rebuilt executed - Accredited rebuilder

• Original Certificate of Stock Reported - Operations Division of

• One (1) Certified true copy of DTI – - Department of Trade and

• One (1) Certified true copy of the - Bureau of Customs (BOC)

II. RENEWAL OF MOTOR VEHICLE (MV) REGISTRATION

REQUIREMENTS WHERE TO SECURE

• Original PNP Crime Laboratory - Philippine National Police

• Duly accomplished Original Motor - Land Transportation Office

• Original Certificate of Emission - Private Emission Testing Center

III. STORAGE OF MOTOR VEHICLE

REQUIREMENTS WHERE TO SECURE

IV. TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP

REQUIREMENTS WHERE TO SECURE

• Duly accomplished original Motor • Land Transportation Office

2. Motor Vehicles acquired through a

• Original Certificate of Registration - - Registered Motor Vehicle

3. Motor Vehicles acquired through a

• Original Certificate of Registration - - Registered Motor Vehicle

5. Motor Vehicles acquired through

6. Private Motor Vehicles/Motorcycles

• Original Deed of Sale/ Transfer/ - Registered Motor Vehicle

7. For Hire Motorcycles with Side Car

REQUIREMENTS WHERE TO SECURE

• One (1) copy of duly annotated - Registry of Deeds

• Certified copy of cancellation or - Financial Institution

• One (1) Original Affidavit of

• Original Certification stating that the - Securities and Exchange

• Original Surety Bond based on the - Accredited insurance

• Original Affidavit of Publication - Newspaper of general

REQUIREMENTS WHERE TO SECURE

• Original Certificate of Registration - Registered Motor Vehicle

• LTO Copy or electronically transmitted - Accredited insurance

1. Private to For Hire

2. For Hire to Private

• Original Receipt of Return Plate - Land Transportation

VII. APPLICATION FOR CHANGE BODY/BODY DESIGN/

• Original Philippine National Police - - Philippine National Police -

• LTO Copy or electronically - Insurance companies

• Duly accomplished original Motor - Land Transportation Office

• Original Joint Affidavit of Change - Owner, body builder and

• Original and one (1) photocopy of - Dealer, Regional Office and