GEC 5 Chapter 1 Lesson 1
GEC 5 Chapter 1 Lesson 1
GEC 5 Chapter 1 Lesson 1
Lesson 1:
The Nature of Language and Communication
Communication is inevitable. Our need for self-expression
leads us to communicate not only our thoughts but also our
feelings. Communication maybe done verbally or non-
verbally. A simple yawn from a member of the audience in
a public speaking engagement is non-verbal message sent
to the speaker. On the other hand, phone call inquiring
about a certain product is an example of a verbal message.
(Wakat, et al, 2018).
MOTIVATION:
What comes into your mind when you hear the word COMMUNICATION? Complete the word web by providing
words which can be associated with the word Communication. Write your answers on the blank ovals.
1._______
2. ______ 3. _____
COMMUNICATION
4.
5. ______
_______
6. ______
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INCULCATING CONCEPTS:
While growing up, people acquire the languages used by those in the
community. This is the process of language acquisition. The
languages acquired while growing up are known as mother tongue,
which may also be referred to as first language.
People discover later that other languages are needed for various
reasons. These other languages may be referred to as second
languages. People learn these languages by studying formally in
school or informally on their own. This is the process of language
learning.
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WHAT IS
1. Source- The sender carefully crafts the message. The sender may be anyone: an author of a book, a public
speaker in a special occasion or eve a traffic enforcer.
2. Message- the message is the reason behind any interaction. It is the meaning shared between the sender
and the receiver. Messages take many forms. They could mean poems, songs, essays, news articles, road
signs, and even symbols.
5. Feedback- A feedback is essential to confirm recipient understanding. Feedback, like messages, are
expected in varied forms. A simple nod for a question of verification I considered a feedback. Thus,
feedback may be written, spoken or acted out.
6. Environment- The place, the feeling, the mood, the mindset and the condition of both the sender and
receiver are called environment. The environment may involve the physical set-up of location where
communication takes place, the space occupied by both sender and the receiver, including the objects
surrounding he sender and the receiver.
7. Context- This involves the expectations of the sender to the receiver and the common or shared
understanding through the environmental signals.
8. Interference- This is also known as barrier or block that prevents effective communication to take place.
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Kinds of Interference
a. Physical barriers include competing stimulus, weather and climate, health and ignorance of the medium.
b. Psychological barriers are thoughts that hamper the message to be interpreted collectively by the receiver.
c. Cultural and linguistic barriers pertain to the language and its cultural environment. Words may mean
another in different cultures.
d. Mechanical barriers are those raised by the channels employed for interpersonal, group or mass
communication. These include cellphones, laptops and other gadgets used in communication.
A message may be conveyed via these types: verbal—non-verbal and visual. Though communication is often
thought of as verbal, the non-verbal mode is equally essential as it enhances one’s message.
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TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO CONTEXT
Context in communication is referred to as a composite of people interacting with each other. Communication may
also be classified according to context:
1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
2. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
As opposed to intra, the Latin prefix inter means between, among, and
together. Interpersonal communication is the process by which people
exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal
messages: it is face-to-face communication. An interactive exchange takes
place as interpersonal communication takes place.
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Classification of Interpersonal Communication
b. Small group discussion- the sole purpose of small group discussion is for the group to have cooperation or
unity.
3. EXTENDED COMMUNICATION
Extended communication involves the use of
electronic media. Before, it only called for the use
of television and radio but nowadays, the
description of extended communication may be
expanded as to include tele, audio, or phone
conferencing; video conferencing; Skype calls, and
other technological means.
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4. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
1. Formal structure - allows communication to take place via designated channels of message flow between
positions in the organization.
a) Downward communication
i) is the type that flows from upper to lower
positions, i.e., from the president to a manager or
supervisor, or from a manager to an ordinary
staff. The flow of communication is top-down or
from a supervisor to a subordinate, usually
asking certain individuals to do a certain task.
ii) It can take any form: memos, notices, face to face
interactions, or telephone conversations.
iii) Such communication increases awareness about
the organization among employees.
iv) It flows down the chain of command. When
managers inform, instruct, advise, or request
their subordinates, the communication flows in a
downward pattern.
b) Upward communication
i. on the other hand, is bottom-up in which
subordinates send communication to
their superiors/ bosses bearing their
view/feedback on organizational
policies, issues related to their jobs, and
the like.
ii. It keeps managers aware of how
employee feel about their jobs and the
organization in general. It also helps
them to make certain decisions or solving
some problems which concern the
organization.
iii. Suggestion boxes, Employee Attitude
Surveys, Review Reports etc.
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c) Horizontal/ Lateral communication
i. is lateral in approach as it takes place
among people belonging to the same level
but coming from different departments
or units to facilitate performance of tasks
through proper coordination.
ii. Such communication is often necessary to
facilitate coordination, save time and
bridge the communication gap among
various departments.
iii. It is very vital for the growth of an
organization as it builds cooperation
among the employees as well as various
branches.
d) Crosswise approach
i. is diagonal in nature as employees from
different units or departments flows in all
directions and cuts across functions &
levels in an organization.
ii. When a sales manager communicates
directly with the VP (Production) who is
not only in a different division but also at a
higher level.
iii. Though It deviates from the normal chain
of command, there is no doubt that its
quick & efficient.
2. Informal communication, on the other hand, comes from unofficial channels of message flow. Also known as
“grapevine”, messages coming from the different levels of organizations are transmitted.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
It is communication between or among people having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and
professional backgrounds. Even gender difference affects communication. Individuals having different
orientations communicate and interpret messages differently. This particularly happens with non-verbal
communication.
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TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO PURPOSE AND STYLE
The types of communication in relation to purpose and style are formal and informal. However, rather than
focusing on the transmission of message and message flow, the focus here is on the communication setting and the
mode of delivery.
• Formal communication employs formal language delivery orally or in written form. Lectures, public
talks/speeches. research and project proposals, reports, and business letters among others are all
considered formal situations and writings. Note that while lectures and speeches are delivered orally, the
texts have been thought out carefully and written well before they are delivered. To inform, to entertain,
and to persuade are the main objectives of the type of communication.
• Informal communication certainly does not employ formal language. It involves personal and ordinary
conversations with friends, family members, or acquaintances about anything under sun. The mode may be
oral as in face-to-face, ordinary or everyday talks and phone calls, or written as in the case of e-mail
messages, personal notes, letters, or text messages. The purpose is simply to socialize and enhance
relationships.
APPLICATION:
Create a one-act role-playing script employing the different types of communication. Enclose the appropriate non-
verbal communication (gestures, hand movement, facial expressions, etc.) in the parentheses that best support the
lines (verbal communication). Please see the example script below for reference.
Actor 1: Hi! (Waving his hand) Are you the new exchange student from America?
Actor 2: Yes, I am. By the way, I’m Johnson (Extending his right hand for a handshake).
Actor 1: Nice to meet you Johnson. I am Mathew. (Both are shaking hands).
The Bell rings…
Actor 1: It’s already time for our first class. Nice to meet you again, Johnson. (tapping the shoulders of Johnson).
See you around.
Actor 2: Sure! (Replying with a smile).
(Note: Please lengthen your work for a more vivid depiction of your chosen scenario)
Be creative. These criteria shall apply.
Criteria:
Content (Depiction of Types of Communication) 50%
Creativity and appropriateness of the situation 50%
Total 100%