Angiology Lecture 2

ANGIOLOGY
(LECTURE-2)
Papia Khatun
Lecturer
Department of Anatomy and Histology
Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences
Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna
1
BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM
The blood-vessels are divided into the pulmonary and the systemic. The pulmonary artery
conveys the blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and is returned by the
pulmonary veins to the left atrium of the heart and passes into the left ventricle. The systemic
arteries convey the blood from the left ventricle to all over the body and it is returned by the
venae cavae to the right atrium, and passes into the right ventricle.
ARTERY
Artery may be classified as-
➢ Large artery or Elastic arteries: Contains large amount of elastic tissue within the
tunica media, giving it the ability to stretch in response to each pulse.
➢ Muscular or Distributing arteries: Are medium sized arteries that draw blood from
an elastic artery and branch into small arteries and arterioles.
➢ Arterioles: A small branch of an artery leading into capillaries.
➢ Capillaries: Anastomosing network of tiny blood vessels that form a network

between the arterioles and venules.
➢ Terminal or end arteries: An end artery is an artery that is the only supply of
oxygenated blood to a portion of tissue which do not anastomose with their neighbors.
➢ E.g. spleenic artery, renal artery
➢ Collateral vessel: Is one which pursues a course near and similar to that of a larger
vessel.
2
Figure: Structure of blood vessel
VEIN
❖ Vein may be classified as-
➢ Large vein: Characterized by having a reduced or absent tunica media and an

adventitia with large amount of longitudinally disposed smooth muscle.
➢ Medium vein: Characterized by having a thinner wall and larger lumen and a media
with small bundles of circular muscle.
➢ Venules: A small branch of a vein through which carbondioxaide and waste products
returns from the tissue.
➢ Satellite vein (Vena comitans): When a vein accompanies an artery. It refers to a

vein that is usually paired with both veins lying on the side of an artery.
➢ Venous plexus: Is a complex set of interconnecting veins in several places of body.
➢ Vena cava: Large vein which opens directly into the heart.
3
Figure: Satellite vein (Vena comitans)
PULMONARY TRUNK
This is a very short artery leaves the heart at the conus arteriosus at the left side of the base of
the right ventricle. It curves upward, backward, and medially, and divides behind the arch of
the aorta into right and left branches. It is related in front to the right auricle, behind to the
left auricle, and medially to the aorta.
Near the bifurcation it is connected with the arch of the aorta by a fibrous band; this is the
ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the large ductus arteriosus of fetal life. The left
pulmonary artery is short and the right pulmonary artery is large and these two enter into the
corresponding bronchus.
AORTA
The aorta is the main systemic arterial trunk. It begins at the base of the left ventricle and is
almost median at its origin. Its first part, the ascending aorta passes upward and forward
between the pulmonary artery on the left and right atrium on the right. It then curves sharply
backward and inclines somewhat to the left, forming the arch of the aorta. It continues
caudally along the dorsal aspect of the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities as descending
aorta.
4
Just at the beginning, close to the semi lunar valves, the wall of the aorta dilated in the form
of the bulbus swelling, known as aortic sinus or bulbus aorticus. The left and right coronary
artery originates from the corresponding sides of the aortic sinus.
BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK
Brachiocephalic trunk is a very large vessel which arises from the convexity of the arch of the
aorta within the pericardium. It gives off branches supplying the head, neck, thoracic limb
and cranial portion of the thoracic cavity.
It is directed cranially and dorsally in the cranial mediastinum ventral to the trachea. It
divides opposite to the second intercostal space or third rib into the left subclavian artery.
Opposite to the first rib it gives off the bicarotid trunk and is continued as the right subclavian
artery. Close to the thoracic inlet and ventral to the trachea the bicarotid trunk bifurcates into
left and right common carotid arteries.

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ANGIOLOGY

Artery may be classified as-

➢ Arterioles: A small branch of an artery leading into capillaries.

➢ Capillaries: Anastomosing network of tiny blood vessels that form a network

➢ E.g. spleenic artery, renal artery

❖ Vein may be classified as-

➢ Large vein: Characterized by having a reduced or absent tunica media and an

➢ Satellite vein (Vena comitans): When a vein accompanies an artery. It refers to a

➢ Venous plexus: Is a complex set of interconnecting veins in several places of body.

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