The Emotional Effects of Using Twitter On Selected

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The Emotional Effects of Using Twitter on Selected Senior High School Students
THE EMOTIONAL EFFECTS OF USING TWITTER ON SELECTED
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
A Research Submitted
in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Course
Practical Research 1
By
Alpay, Czarina Jollie S.

Carbonel, Cheska G.
Frejas, Angela Roem
Galang, Jonna Mae D.
Tiburcio, Johannz Rozhen R.
Senior High School Department
Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City
938 Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon City
March 2019
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, the researchers would like to express their sincere gratitude to
their Research Adviser and one of their validator, Mr. Antonio Salido, for
continuous support, patience and for making this research happen.
The researchers would like to address their sincere appreciation to Mr.
Daniel Yuson and Mr. Richmond Ambor for sharing their insightful comments
for the improvement of the research study.
The researchers also would like to express their deepest gratitude to
their Senior High School Principal, Dr. Brenda Corpuz, for granting their
permission to conduct their research.
Also, a sincere thanks to the researcher interviewees for their
cooperation.
The researchers would like to acknowledge the National Library and TIP
libraries which provides reference with regards to the research topic.
The researchers would like to acknowledge their parents for constantly
support and motivation.
Lastly, the researchers would like to thank God Almighty for giving them
strength, knowledge, ability and opportunity to undertake this research study.

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ABSTRACT
This study is about distinguishing the positive and negative emotional
effects of using Twitter to the selected senior high school students. Aside from
distinguishing the emotional effects, another objective of the study is to know
how these emotional effects affect the behavior of the selected senior high
school students. The research design is in the form of case study since the
researchers wanted an in-depth analysis regarding the issue. The researchers
have chosen selected senior high school students based on how frequent they
use Twitter. They interviewed the selected students about what they feel about
using Twitter and how these emotions affect their behavior.
At the end of the study, the researchers found out that more students
experience positive emotions than negative emotions. The researchers
recommend the use of Twitter as it has shown in the study that its usage has
more positive effects on the selected senior high school students.
Keywords: Twitter, Emotional effects, Positive and Negative Emotions

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Page
Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Scope and Limitations of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURES
Related Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Related Literatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Conceptual Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Sources of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Primary Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Description of the Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Sampling Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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Secondary Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Data
Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Data Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA . . . . . . . . . . 26
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
List of Figures
Figure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
List of Tables
Table 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Social Media is now a popular way to communicate, connect and to
share a variety of contents and information. It serves as the major interactive
platform for expression wherein an individual may not only disseminate
information or construct content but also instantly discuss and connect with
different social media users anywhere in the world (Lui, Cheung and Lee,
2010).
Correspondingly, Twitter is one of today’s widely used social networking
site. It is a free social network microblogging service that allows registered
members to broadcast short posts called tweets, which may be composed of
embedded links, photos and videos. A tweet can originally hold up to 140
characters but in the updated version, it has been doubled to 280 characters.
Twitter was created in 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan
Williams and has been gaining worldwide popularity since then. In 2018,
Twitter was announced to have an average of 336 million active users
worldwide in its third quarter (PR Newswire, 2018).
As of 2012, Twitter universally dominated the younger generation more
than ever. Twitter users were most likely to be between the age 20 and 30 but
the top tweeters are likely to be in their teens. Even though users are usually in
their 20s and 30s, according to Murthy, Gross, and Pensavalle (2012) high
school and college students are the ones that use Twitter more often. By the
year 2014, a study found out that more than 90% of all adolescents aged from
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12 to 17 use the Internet worldwide and 73% of them use social networking
sites (Cingel, Lauricella, Alexis, Wartella, & Conway, 2014). The percentage of
online adolescents around the globe who uses Twitter is 24% (Cingel et al.,
2014) as of 2014. To exemplify, in the United Kingdom, 59.4% of its users are
aged 13 to
20, which is rather very young, according to an article written by Sloan L. et al.
(2015).
Furthermore, there are some studies that says Twitter is more popular to
the younger generation than Facebook. Murthy et al. (2012) said that, another
explanation why Twitter is more popular to teens is because Facebook has
become pervasive amongst their parents’ generation. They are much likely free
to post and express themselves on Twitter because their parents’ are less likely
to be there.
With all these data in mind, it could be said that a huge population of
adolescents are using social media, specifically Twitter to express themselves
and their emotions. Since adolescents are the top users of Twitter, students
also use the platform. The frequent use of social media, particularly Twitter,
could lead to different emotional effects. The aim of the study is to find out the
emotional effects caused by the frequent use of Twitter and to find out how it
affects the emotional behavior of the selected senior high school students.
Statement of the Problem
Students nowadays use Twitter as a way for them to express
themselves. Using Twitter as a platform for students to express themselves

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could lead to different emotional effects. The researchers would like to find out
what could be the emotional effects of using Twitter among the students of
Senior High School.
The following questions that will be observed and answers throughout the
studies are:
1. What are the positive emotional effects of using Twitter to selected
senior high school students?
2. What are the negative emotional effects of using Twitter to selected
3. How do these emotional effects affect the emotional behavior of the
selected senior high school students?
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study is centralizing on the emotional effects of using Twitter on the
selected senior high school students. This study is limited to selected senior
high school students, particularly those who are in Grade 11 S.Y 2018 - 2019.
This study was conducted in the school grounds of Technological Institute of
the Philippines, Quezon City.
The researchers gathered data and information from selected STEM
(Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and ABM (Accountancy,
Business, and Management) Senior High school students who tweet 1-2 times
per day. The researchers will be conducting an in-depth interview as an
instrument to gather necessary data and information.

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This study only passed through the psychological aspect as the
researchers will only discuss how using Twitter affects the emotional behavior
of the selected senior high school students. This study no longer covers how
using Twitter affect the daily lives of the selected students.
Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study is to identify the positive and negative
emotional effects of using Twitter to selected senior high school students and
to recognize how will this affect the emotional behavior respectively. This study
will benefit the following:
Students and Adolescents, the result of this study may further help
them understand and evaluate themselves regarding the emotional effects of
using Twitter.
Parents, this study may help parents further understand the emotional
effects of using Twitter on their children. Parents will be able to assess whether
the use of Twitter is good or bad for their children.
Teachers, having to identify the emotional effects of using Twitter,
teachers will be able to understand the reasons why their students use the
platform, and how they feel about using it.
Community, the results of this study can help the community on how
adolescents feel about using Twitter, broaden their knowledge about the usage
of social media, and warn them of its possible emotional effects.
Future Researchers, this study will be beneficial to other future
researchers who may be pursuing the related topics incorporated by this study.
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0 The Emotional Effects of Using Twitter on Selected Senior High School Students
This may as well serve as a reference data for new research productions.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter includes the review of related literature and studies which
the researchers have used for more basis on the topic under study. The
following articles, literature, and studies were gathered by the researchers
using books, magazines, and the internet. These gathered information are
related to the study that the researchers are conducting.
Related Studies
A. Positive Emotions
Getting good feedback from the users of Twitter
According to Heathfield (2018), good feedbacks from other people helps
you grow because knowing that other people’s opinion from your tweet might
help you. Lamarche (2017) states that it is the motivation that is often more
powerful than any money or gift, giving or receiving a good feedback is
priceless.
It shows that someone’s work is worth the acknowledgement, and you will
make that person want to do better to get good feedback once again.
Receiving good feedbacks from other people that appreciated your tweet is a
good motivation for you to continue inspiring other people while being true to
yourself. Lamarche (2017) stated that delivering and receiving a good feedback
from other people can help you gain trust and have a good interaction with that
person. She also stated that it is also the source of motivation of someone after
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she received a good feedback from what she had done because it can give
happiness and inspiration to a person to strive more and inspire more people in
Twitter.
According to Defranzo (2015) feedback is an important information that
someone must accept in order to accept and to maintain the importance of
making careful decisions because tweets in Twitter can be seen by millions of
people, depending on the privacy of an account. Based on the study of
Naumann (2015), he said that receiving good feedbacks from other people can
give you the feeling that you are being appreciated by someone and that there
are other people that feels the same feeling as you were. It also gives you
appreciation that what you’ve done is worth the acknowledgement and has a
purpose knowing that other Twitter users were feeling the same thing as you
are and you inspired them. Kennedy and Mcgarthy (2015) said that receiving
good feedbacks can gain a good self-esteem of a person and to pursue a
better performance. By receiving feedbacks from other people, it can also be
easier for you to gain your motivation and be on track to do it and impress them
once again knowing that other people liked your tweet and most of the time you
will use that idea once again in order for them to be impressed once again.
In a study by Paula, Rose and Jacqueline (2015), one of the reasons
why people post things online is because of social recognition. Social
recognition can be a great motivation to continue using and posting on Twitter.
The like icon feature on Facebook shows acceptance and appreciation
to a post, the same way as the Twitter’s favorite feature. It states that
individuals are likely to be in higher state of well- being whenever they receive
likes or high number of likes (Esguerra, Magdadaro and Villanueva, 2015). In

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conclusion, receiving good feedback from other users of twitter can help you to
grow, it becomes a motivation, will gain a good self- esteem and feel that you
are appreciated by other people.
Self- expression
Self-expression is defined as “assertion of one’s individual traits” (Self
Expression, n.d.). It is the showing one’s characteristics and preferences.
Correspondingly, being perceived positively and accurately in first impression
settings predicts positive social consequences (Human et al., 2013) and is
associated with better psychological functioning (Human & Biesanz, 2011;
Human et al.,2014), suggesting that being perceived in such a manner on
Twitter could benefit individuals. In addition, tweets may in some ways facilitate
accurate self-expression. Clayman (2013) stated that people post everything
that they do online because they want to accentuate what makes them unique
by interacting with others online. It is said that it is a human nature to find what
is remarkable with them compare to other since everyone wants to be special
in their own way and through their interaction with others, they somehow found
what they are looking for.
In relation to the usage of Twitter, people express their unique traits by
being able to favorite and retweet posts that reveal their preferences and their
personality. For instance, retweeting a picture of your favorite band may show
that you prefer a certain genre of music. By retweeting that post, people may
have a hint of your traits that can be a result of being perceived accurately
thus, leading to a better psychological functioning.
B. Negative Emotions
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Social Comparison and Envy
According to the original theory proposed by Leon Festinger (1954) “A
Theory of Social Comparison Processes”, it is an imperative and influential
paper in the field of Psychology that explores the human influences to compare
with one another. Social Comparison influences people the way they think
about themselves, what they feel, what they provoked do things, and how they
act. It makes social comparing omnipresent mechanism (Angela, Pancho &
Raboy,
2014). As stated by Charoensukmongkol (2018), social media, especially
Facebook and Twitter, create a virtual community where people can
communicate with family and friends no matter where they are located.
Advances in social media technology also allow users to show themselves and
to share their life events with other people through personal messages and
photos. However, although social media helps people to stay updated about
what is going on with their friends’ life events, exposing too much to content
that friends have posted on social media can inevitably trigger people to
compare themselves with their friends, eventually leading to envy. One
particular negative reaction to compare oneself to others is the envious feeling
that people develop when they are exposed to the impressive life experiences
of friends they also expect to have. In the same way, browsing through Twitter
and being exposed to these idealistic contents that users post may lead to
social comparing and envy. Teenagers are usually the top users of social
media for self-presentation to impress others, therefore exposing teenagers to
favorable life events that friends may have posted to create impressions in
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social media can easily make teenagers engage more in social comparisons,
causing them to feel envious of what they view from their friends’ posts.
Hatred and Bash
Cyber-bullying and posting of malicious and malevolent comments have
become wider, easier, undeniable serious and already became an unwelcome
social issue all over the world. People post malicious and malevolent
comments to express anger, resolve feelings of dissatisfaction, and to have a
bit of “fun” (Amor, De Leon, & Mata, 2015). One of the examples of
cyberbullying in Twitter is the making of the poser account of Nancy Binay that
post tweets that makes fun of her physical appearance. In the study of Baron
(n.d) who stated that destructive criticism and bad comments or actions of
other people started when they feel the anger and tension.
Related Literature
A. Positive Emotions
Emotional Expression
Emotional expressions in psychology are observable verbal and
nonverbal behaviors that communicate an internal emotional or affective state.
(Emotional Expression, n.d.). It may be in the form of facial expression, actions
for non-verbal way, while expressing through words and literature for
expressing the verbal way. As for the users of Twitter, they are able to
emotionally express themselves by tweeting and posting their inner thoughts

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and feelings. For instance, someone who is currently going through a hard time
and has been feeling down lately may tweet and retweet gloomy and
depressing content while someone who is currently with a happy temperament
may tweet or retweet uplifting and inspiring contents (Kim, Park & Jo, 2014).
It is known that expressing one’s emotion in stressful situations through
the natural spoken language or social media can help people relax or relieve
temporal emotional states (Kim, Park, & Jo, 2014). There are many studies that
support these. It is necessary for people to confront and articulate the
emotional event for you to resolve your grief (Essays UK, 2018). Therefore,
using Twitter to post emotional experiences helps the users relieve their stress
because they are able to address and discuss their problems via Twitter.
Getting good feedback from the users of Twitter
Being recognized by someone based on what you’ve done is something
remarkable and important to you because of a feeling that you are appreciated.
Knowing that most of the time people uses Twitter as their medium for
expressing oneself, having someone who understands your thoughts and
emotion on your tweets may become an inspiration and motivation for other
people. Being recognized on what you posted is not just about having a
thousands of favorites or retweets, it is about someone who appreciates your
tweet and feel the same position as what you were feeling at that very moment.
Receiving feedback is very effective because it gives you more learning
and deeper understanding based on what you are doing. (Nicol, Thomson, and
Breslin 2014). It helps a person to know and understand more about the things
that he or she is doing and in order for them to adjust themselves and to adapt
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what is appropriate to post and to share with other people. The effect of
receiving feedback can help a person to be more aware on what he/ she is
sharing with other people. It also helps a person to be more curious on what
they are doing
(Ion, Cano, and Fernandez 2017). Jonsson (2013) states that receiving a
negative feedback from other people can also improve someone’s performance
in order for them to not commit the same same mistake again and avoid
receiving negative feedback from any of their followers. According to Gamlem
and Smith (2013) that most of the person likes to know and specify the address
on where do they need to improve themselves in order for them to not commit
the same mistake that can make them receive a negative feedback from other
people. Therefore, receiving a good feedback from a person can give a lot of
impact to a person’s life. It can change, motivate, and to inspire other people
as well.
Self- Expression
Zhang et al. (2015) stated that in Social Media there’s a interaction
happens between the virtual world and the user. This interaction may build a
knowledge management process, wherein the user may adopt the concept of
social-learning.
Zhang, Zhu, and de Pablos (2012) states that learning new things via virtual
world gives the user an enthusiasm to learn more. Twitter is an example of a
virtual world, where through a series of interactions between the virtual world
(the twitter page and its various ‘tweets’), and the user, through a system of
followers and posts, the user may develop social-learning in order for him or
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her interact with. Tobi, Ma’on and Ghazali (2013) stated that having popularity
on online social networks may have impact on their social and psychological
health of the user. It shows that being popular on social networks may have a
good impact on boosting yourself through expressing one’s self on twitter and
similar social media as Tobi et al.(2013). In conclusion, Social media can
positively affect one’s self through personal development and the ability to
learn new things in relation to the virtual world and expressing yourself.
B. Negative Emotions
Social Comparisons and Envy
Social comparison is one of the most appearing features of human
social life. It is the human tendency to look to other people’s information about
how they think, feel, and behave. In that case, they try to compare to
themselves. Sometimes, people use other people around as standards to
evaluate themselves and gain information about how they should behave,
think, and feel (Baldwin & Mussweiler, 2018).
Social comparison can become difficult to avoid on social media. As you
view moments from other people’s relationships, family life, and seemingly
perfect lives. Frequent comparing self to other people are more likely
experience feeling of envy, guilt and blame other people to unmet expectations.
People who experience that have high chance to be unhappy and have more
destructive feelings and behaviors (Negative Social Comparison Affecting
Mental Health, 2018). The tendency of seeing other people post or tweets
might affect someone’s insecurities, it may triggered the person to made wrong
actions just because they also want what they saw in social media. Social
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comparison can also lead to feeling of regret when someone making an action
or decision that same to other people but their outcome is negative and try to
compare it to positive outcome of others (Garcia & Halldorsson, 2019).
C. Emotional Behavior
In the study of Ding and Chai (2015), they stated that
When people are more aroused by a stimulus, such as an excellent
experience with a mobile app, they feel more energized and their
concentration on the current activity (e.g. using the app) increases, which then
shapes a psychological state that is more conducive to emotional responses.
According to them, excellent experience with mobile apps can be
stimulants. In the same way, this could mean that using Twitter as an example
of a mobile app may affect the behavior of the user as a response to their
emotions caused by using the app. They proposed in their study that arousal is
positively related to positive and negative emotions. This could mean that in
using mobile app such as Twitter can also affect behavior of its users in which
could be positive or negative. For instance, the user of Twitter that has gained
in the platform may act more confident and assured by themselves.
Rimé (2009) said that humans are social beings, therefore emotions are
essentially interpersonal. Correspondingly, social sharing is a universal and
often employed act of emotion regulation. It can lead to affiliation, bonding, and
relief, which are rewarding and definitely positive (Egloff, 2017). In the same
way, it could mean that regulating emotions on Twitter by posting and tweeting
one’s emotional experiences may result into having positive emotions, thus
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leading to positive behavior. In an editorial by the Philippine Daily Inquirer
(2017), it was stated that the inability to open up may lead to depressive
behaviour and anxiety disorder. However, it is also important to note that the
social sharing of negative emotions does not necessarily lead to recovery in the
sense that the negative emotion is immediately and completely eliminated
(Rimé, 2009). The negative emotions doesn’t disappear in a snap. But with
emotional expression, it can help you cope up and give your closure to your
emotional experiences.
Cyberbullying could lead to traumatic effects like disrupted sleep, lower
self-esteem, poorer performance at school, eating disorders, and depression.
16% of the children surveyed said that they are more afraid to get bullied and
bashed online than offline (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2017). This could mean
that being bashed and bullied online can have greater effects on the emotions
and behavior of the children. It would be possible that receiving bad feedbacks
and bash on Twitter could lead to negative behavior on the selected senior high
school students. However, based on an article by Peneycad (2012), negative
comments could provide you insights on how you can improve. It could also be
possible that senior high school students who have received negative
feedbacks would use these comments in a positive way by improving
themselves and reevaluate their actions.
Synthesis
The different review of related literature help invigorate and support the
research study since the study itself revolves around the Emotional Effects of
using Twitter on Selected Senior High School students. With the emphasized
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topics, it all tackles the main idea of the study and strongly supports it,
therefore seeing a light for alignment. The reviewed literatures helped in
defining crucial parts of the study which are essential in giving the full meaning
and beneficial understanding to the readers of the study.
From the related studies, comparing yourself with others post or
recognition became natural in media especially in Twitter. The theory about
Social Comparison Processes of Leon Festinger is an imperative and influential
paper in the field of Psychology that explored the human tendencies to
compare one another. Another one was pointed out by Angela, Pancho &
Raboy (2014) where it was stated that social comparison influences people on
how they think about themselves, what they feel, provoked to do things, and
how they act. Some people because of envy, likely comment bad things about
the owner of the post, attacking its physical appearance or just the post’s
content. Cyberbullying, posting of malicious and benevolent comments have
become wider, and easier, undeniably serious and became an unwelcome
social issue all over the world. (Lee S.H & Kim H.M., n.d.) In addition, people
post malicious comments to express anger, resolve feelings of dissatisfaction,
and to have a bit of fun.
The study of Jesse Fox Ph. D (2014) said that one of the main reasons why
people think it is okay to be racist, inflammatory, or otherwise socially
inappropriate online because people feel like they have the right to say
whatever they want on the internet. Hiding behind somebody’s face, or making
a fake account is an often scenario in Twitter. They make the other Twitter
users believe in their post because of the popularity they have. Mostly, they
using popular faces to gain recognition, it’s either good feedback where they
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will have many favorites, or bad feedback where they’ll receive opinions that is
contrast with their post. Same point with Clayman (2013), people posts
everything that they do online because they want to accentuate what makes
them unique by
interacting with others online.

At this point, the researchers conclude that the above-mentioned studies
and literatures will help the participants to better understand and expand their
awareness about the emotional effects of using Twitter. Through these related
studies, researchers discovered that using Social media has a big effect on
people nowadays. Over the past years, using Twitter as a platform of posting
their ideas became normal.
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
Figure 1: Uses and Gratification Theory, and Signaling Theory

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The Uses and Gratification Theory states that users use the media to
satisfy their needs and desires. Many users of the Internet seek out
entertainment, information, communication and to express themselves. In this
way, they are able to gratify their needs. However, in Signaling Theory, it is
used to understand how people expose their information on their Social Media
Network (SNS) profiles. It proposes that presentation in SNS develops identity
and trust with others. SNS provides platforms for teenagers to grow and
develop their identities (Ahn, 2011).
Research Paradigm
The researchers came up with figure 1 wherein they showed that the selected
students will be interviewed using theory based questions. The researchers will
ask questions that will extract the emotional effects of using Twitter as a
platform in expressing emotions.
Definition of Terms
● Cognitive Dissonance - According to Dictionary.com, it is the state of
having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to
behavioural decisions and attitude change.
● Media - According to TechTerms.com, In general, "media" refers to various
means of communication. For example, television, radio, and the newspaper
are different types of media. The term can also be used as a collective noun
for the press or news reporting agencies. In the computer world, "media" is
also used as a collective noun, but refers to different types of data storage
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options. ● Microblogging - According to Lifewire.com, it is a combination of
blogging and instant messaging that allows users to create short messages
to be posted and shared with an audience online.
● Mobile Application - According to Webopedia.com, It is a term used to

describe
Internet applications that run on smartphones and other mobile devices.

● Online Platform - According to Pcmag.com, It is an online marketplace that
places one party in touch with another, such as buyers and sellers. Examples
are eBay, Craigslist, Amazon Marketplace, Airbnb and Uber. The online
system may be entirely self-contained, or it may allow third-party apps to
connect via the platform's programming interface (API).
● Peer pressure - According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, it is a feeling that
one must do the same things as other people of one's age and social group
in order to be liked or respected by them.
● Psychological functioning - According to Springer.com,it is the ability to
achieve his or her goals within him or herself and the external environment. It
includes an individual's behavior, emotion, social skills, and overall mental
health.
● Retweet - According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, it is to repost
(something, such as a message) to the Twitter online message service.
● Self Expression - According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, it is the
expression of one's own personality: assertion of one's individual traits ●
Social Media - According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, it is forms of
electronic communication (such as websites for social networking and
microblogging) through which users create online communities to share
information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (such as videos).

2
● Social Networking Sites - According to Wikipedia, it is social networking
service (also social networking site, or SNS or social media) is an online
platform which people use to build social networks or social relations with
other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities,
backgrounds or real- life connections.
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the overview method that will be use in this study.
This contains the research design that will arrange the conditions or collections
of the study. It also contains the source of data, research instruments used to
gather data, the data gathering procedure, the treatment of the study, and the
limitations of it.
Research Design
The method used in this research is in the form of case study. The
researchers used this method to gain more details and to be focused on the
study that they are conducting. A case study is used to gain more close-up
understanding on underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. In this
research study, the researchers conducted a case study method for them to
analyze certain background information about The Emotional Effects of Using
Twitter on Selected Senior High School Students and for them to understand it
more deeply.
2
Sources of Data
A. Primary Sources
Participants
The 5 participants, who are chosen randomly, are coming from the
strands of Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) and Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) of Our Lady of Fatima
University, Antipolo and St. Mary’s Academy of Sto. Niño Meycauayan,

Bulacan.
Description of the Population
The researchers decided that they will not include their names for their
own privacy. The chosen respondents were described by their age, gender,
strand and school.
PARTICIPANT STRAND AGE SEX
1 STEM 16 F
2 STEM 16 F
3 STEM 16 F
4 STEM 16 F
5 ABM 17 M
Table 1: Description of Population
Setting
The setting of the gathering of information will be held outside the
Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City's campus.

2
Sampling Technique
There are two sampling techniques used to attain participants in this
research: Purposive sampling and convenience sampling. In purposive
sampling, we select the participants according to the said criteria that was
given by our group. The respondents that we choose are the users of Twitter
that has high frequency of tweets every week. A rate of 1-2 times per day is
also likely higher that the rate of the median user of Twitter (Panger, 2017).
Another one is convenience sampling, wherein we simply choose random
participants from any strand of senior high school students in Our Lady of
Fatima University, Antipolo and St. Mary’s academy of Sto. Niño Meycauayan,
Bulacan. The researchers selected their participants at their convenience.
B. Secondary Sources
This research utilized secondary sources such as articles and related
studies that is aligned to this study and to help us expound more the research
about the emotional effects of Twitter to selected senior high school students.
These helps the researchers to gather information that can support our study
and for us to know more about the study. The information gathered was used in
the study that is being conducted.
Data Instrument
The researchers used semi-structured interview to be more
conversational and also to have an accurate response as much as possible.
The participants were asked by a follow up question to gather a more specific
data. Collection of data for this study was conducted through interviewing; it
2
was done to see the emotional experiences of selected senior high school
students on using Twitter. The interview guide questions were patterned and
developed upon the research questions of the study to acquire information
needed for the conclusion of the study. The research instrument was validated
by two Personal
Development Teachers and the Research Adviser of the researchers. The
participants were asked to be interviewed and their responses were audio
recorded for later transcription and analysis.
Data Gathering Procedure
An in-depth interview was conducted by the researchers. They first gave
an adjustment period for the participants to prepare their answer to the
questions gave beforehand. In order for them to gather information accurately,
the researchers assigned one to record the interview while the other one was
listing down the gist information from the participant's answer. The researchers
allowed them to answer freely in order for them to explain their answers briefly.
Questions sought to understand the participants’ emotional experiences and
how Twitter affects their emotions. Questions were open ended and allowed for
follow up questions to be asked if necessary in order to get a better
understanding of the response.
Data Treatment
The researchers interpreted the collected data from the recorded in-
depth interview with the participants. For the better interpretation of data, the
transcript was used. Seeing that the study used the case study method, the
2
treatment used in the gathered data was interpreted. The researchers
formulated their conclusion for the research based on the interpretation of the
experiences of the said participants. Similarities were connected and found by
the researchers between the shared experiences of the participants during the
interview to come up with a concrete and factual interpretation of data and
conclusion for the purpose of this study. Though the conclusion that has been
gathered from the interpretation of data may be inaccurate.
Limitations
This study holds a particular limitations in some specific areas. The
process does not provide statistical representation and in-depth interview was
the method used to collect data. The information from the interviews
subjectively relies on the participants’ ability to honestly and accurately
respond. For confidentiality, to avoid any harmful preconception, no name of
the participants was mentioned. Findings cannot be extended to a wider
population.
The results however may be used to inform the design of future studies
on the emotional effects of using Twitter. Lastly, the sample size is small and it
only comes from the random participants of Our Lady of Fatima University,
Antipolo and St. Mary’s Academy of Sto. Niño Meycauayan, Bulacan. Thus,
this research does not represent the whole population of students.

2
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA.
In this chapter, the proponent group present the result of the conducted
study on selected senior high school students. This chapter also includes the
analysis and interpretation of the data gathered from the conducted interviews
from the chosen participants. These presented table will show the positive and
negative emotional effects of Twitter.
POSITIVE EMOTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL
Students who feel positive emotions when

getting good feedback from Twitter ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 5
Students who feel positive emotions whenever

they express themselves on Twitter ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 5
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL

3
Students who experience social comparison

and envy whenever using Twitter ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 4
Students who feel negative emotions

whenever receiving negative feedbacks ✔ ✔ ✔ 3
through Twitter
Table 2: Participants of the study who gave their insights about Twitter.
Table 2 shows five (5) selected senior high school from two (2) different
schools. Research data consisting of interview questionnaire were gathered in
one day. These participants are all Twitter users. During the interview, guide
questionnaire was used on knowing the emotional effects of using on selected
Senior High School students.
Positive emotional effect of using twitter
Students who feel positive emotions when receiving good feedback-
Five (5) out of five (5) answers from our participants shows that students feel
positive emotions whenever they receive good feedback. They feel happy
whenever they know that people can relate to what they are experiencing. But
one participant said that they feel happy and sad at the same time because
people relate to their tweets with sad and depressing contents. This is
supported by the study of Lamarche (2017) who stated that good feedback
from Twitter can give happiness and inspiration.

3
Students who feel positive emotions whenever they express
themselves on Twitter- Five (5) out of five (5) or all of the respondents agreed
that they feel positive emotions whenever they express themselves on Twitter.
The answers that the researchers got from our participants shows that they
mostly share their thoughts and opinion in Twitter for them to express
themselves on what they truly feel. Most of the participants said that they feel
relief because they somehow release their emotional burdens on Twitter. This
is supported by the study of Human et al.,(2013) which stated that showing
one’s characteristics and preferences is connected to the emotional expression
of a person and is supported by the article of Essays UK, (2018) It is necessary
for people to confront and articulate the emotional event for you to resolve your
grief.
Negative emotional effects of using Twitter
Students who experience social comparison and envy- Data shows
that Four (4) out of five (5) students have already experienced social
comparison and envy in Twitter. As the participants continue to use the app, a
feeling of selfcomparison occurs in the majority of our participant in the study.
This is supported by the study of Charoensukmongkol (2018), where he says
that a particular reaction either positive or negative creates an envious feeling
that people nowadays are capable to develop in a short period of time as they
get exposed from too much experiences in social media.
Students who feel negative emotions whenever receiving negative
feedbacks- Three (3) out of five (5) have experienced negative emotions when
3
they receive bad feedback on Twitter. Most of them said that they will feel sad
at first but then eventually ignore it. Another participant said that they feel
annoyance at first but then will also eventually ignore it. This supports by the
Baron (n.d) stated that destructive criticism on social media started with the
feeling of anger and tension.
Emotional Behavior
Students who had higher self-esteem- Five (5) out of five (5) of the
answers provided by our participants says that having good feedbacks from
Twitter made them have high self-confidence and boosted their self-esteem.
They’re enjoying the feeling of having good feedbacks so that they became
more conscious of their tweets. Also, with these good feedbacks, they use it to
spread more positive vibes to other users of Twitter. This is supported by the
study conducted by Lamarche (2017) which is stated that receiving good
feedbacks from other people that appreciated your tweet is a good motivation
for you to continue inspiring other people while being true to yourself. This is
also supported by the study of Kennedy and Mcgarthy (2015) that stated that
receiving good feedbacks can gain a good self-esteem of a person and to
pursue a better performance.
Students that self- reflected- Four (4) out of five (5) participants have
answered that receiving bad feedbacks from Twitter made them self-reflect.
They use the bad feedbacks that they receive to evaluate their actions and use
it as their stepping stone to do better with their actions. With these bad
feedbacks, they become aware of the things they could improve more about
3
themselves. This is supported by an article by Peneycad (2012) who stated
that negative comments can provide you insights on how you can improve.
Students who felt discouraged- However, 1 (one) out of 5 (five) of the
participants have answered that they feel discouraged whenever they receive
bad feedbacks from Twitter. The participant has said that it made them feel
discouraged to do the things that received bad feedbacks from Twitter. This is
supported by the article of The Philippine Daily Inquirer (2017) which stated
that getting bashed may result in lower self-esteem.
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of finding on the result of interviews
in the study conducted to identify the positive and negative emotional effects of
Twitter.
Summary of Findings
This research was undertaken to identify the positive and negative
emotional effects on using Twitter. It specified on these following objectives:
1. What are the positive emotional effects of using Twitter to selected
2. What are the negative emotional effects of using twitter to selected
3. How these emotional effects affect the emotional behavior of the
selected senior high school students?

3
Based on the results presented in the previous chapter, the following
findings are stated below:
1. Based on the data gathered, 5 (five) out of 5 (five) students answered
that they feel positive emotions such as happiness whenever they get a
good feedback. Also, 5 (five) out of 5 (five) of the respondents agreed
that they felt positive emotions such as relief whenever they expressed
themselves on Twitter.
2. Based on the data gathered, 4 (four) out of 5 (five) students have
experienced social comparison and envy in using Twitter. Also, 3 (three)
out of 5 (five) participants have experienced negative emotions such as
sadness and annoyance when they received bad feedbacks.
3. Based on the data gathered, 5 (five) out of 5 (five) participants stated
that good feedback from Twitter boosted their self-confidence and self-
esteem while 4 (four) out of 5 (five) participants stated that receiving bad
feedback from Twitter made them re-evaluate their actions. However, 1
(one) out of 5 (five) of the participants state that they felt discouraged
whenever they receive bad feedback from Twitter.
Conclusion
Based on the findings,
1. The usage of Twitter caused all the selected senior high school students
to feel happiness and relief.
2. The usage of Twitter caused the majority of the selected senior high
school students to feel envy, sadness and annoyance.

3
3. These emotional effects caused the selected students to either boost or
lower their self-esteem.
Recommendations
1. For students, use Twitter as a platform to express yourselves and
support each other.
2. For the community, use this study as means to so gain more knowledge
and understanding on how Twitter can both affect your emotions in both
positive and negative ways.
3. For Future researchers, use this study as a reference and to use larger
number of participant so the data will be not limited to a smaller
population.
3
REFERENCES
Books
Charoensukmongkol, P.(2018). The Impact of Social Media on Social
Comparison and Envy in Teenagers: The Moderating Role of the Parent
Comparing Children and In-group Competition among Friends. New York.
Del Rosario, A.G., Pacho, P.M., and Raboy, R.V. (2014). A study on the
relationship of Facebook envy and level of self-esteem among the students
of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. Sta Mesa, Manila.
Websites
Baldwin, M., and Mussweiler T. (2018, September 25). The Culture of Social
Comparison. From https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721555115 .
Garcia, S. & Halldorsson, A. (2019). Social comparison. In R. Biswas-Diener
& E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL:
DEF publishers. DOI: nobaproject.com
Lamarche, M. (2017) The positive effects of feedbacks. From
http://blogue.lacapitale.com/en/business/feedback/?fbclid=IwAR1zyZ_8
KIDLDBTQnVcJ1YqeerK4Y-7KBP77jFyc09cpF_iUi0xrHaSgKwA
Oherek,E.,and Human,L. (2017). Self-Expression on Social Media: Do Tweets
Present Accurate and Positive Portraits of Impulsivity, Self-Esteem, and
Attachment Style? From
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146167216675332 Panger,
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G.L. (2017). Emotion in social media. Retrieved from
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h97773d
Season In Malibu, (2018, January 27). Negative Social Comparison Affecting

Mental Health. Season In Malibu. From
https://seasonsmalibu.com/negative-social-comparison-affecting-
mentalhealth/
Tugberk,K., & Huseyin,B.(2016).The effects of social media on students’
behaviors; Facebook as a case study. From
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295010160_The_effects_of_soci
al_media_on_students%27_behaviors_facebook_as_a_case_study
Article
Ding, Y., & Chai, K. H. (2015). Emotions and continued usage of mobile
applications. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115(5), 833-852.
retrieved from doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-11-2014-0338
Egloff, B. (2017). You are not alone - social sharing as a necessary addition to
the embracing factor. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40, 63. Retrieved
from doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X17001662
Peneyvard, M. (2012) The Positive Effect of Negative Social Media Reviews.
Retrieved from https://www.business2community.com/social-
media/thepositive-effect-of-negative-social-media-reviews-0301983
Philippine Daily Inquirer (2017). Online bashing and mental health. Retrieved
From
https://opinion.inquirer.net/103133/online -bashing-mental-health#ixzz5j
7s7kEiy
Rimé B. (2009). Emotion elicits the social sharing of emotion: Theory and
3
empirical review. Emotion Review 1 :60 -85 . Retrieved from
http://doi.org/10.1177/1754073908097189.10.1177/1754073908097189
Appendix A
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
I. NEUTRAL
1. What types of content are you sharing on Twitter?
2. On what circumstances do you use Twitter?
II. POSITIVE EMOTIONS
1. Do you often Tweet about your thoughts and feelings? If yes, what do
you feel whenever you express yourself through Twitter?
2. What do you feel whenever you get good feedbacks on Twitter?
III. NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
1. Have you ever compared yourself to other people because of the tweets
they post on Twitter? If yes, why?
2. What do you feel whenever you get bad feedbacks on Twitter?
IV. EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR
1. How does getting good feedback on Twitter affect your behavior?
2. How does expressing yourself on Twitter affect your behavior?
3. How does getting bad feedback on Twitter affect your behavior?

3
Appendix B TRANSCRIPT OF THE INTERVIEW
Participant 1
Q1. What types of content are you sharing on Twitter?
A: I share how my day went and share pictures of me and pictures I took
because
I like letting people know what I do in a day.
Q2. On what circumstances do you use Twitter?
A: I do not have a schedule on using Twitter, I usually just open the app at
random times and that’s it.
Q3. Do you often Tweet about your thoughts and feelings? If yes, what do you
feel whenever you express yourself through Twitter?
A: Yes I do and whenever I do, gumagaan ‘yung loob ko because I feel like
people are aware of what I feel and I often don't like sharing my emotions and
feelings so whenever I tweet at least people have the idea of what I am feeling.
Q4. What do you feel whenever you get good feedbacks on Twitter?
A: I feel great and bad at the same time kasi that means they relate to me and I
don't want others to feel sad which is what I usually tweet about.
Q5. Have you ever compared yourself to other people because of the tweets
A: No, because it's their life and their life isn't what I want, I am contented with
my life kahit kakasabi ko lang na most of the times sad tweets ko, I still feel
great that this was the life I was given.

4
Q6. What do you feel whenever you get bad feedbacks on Twitter?
A: I feel nothing, sa una siguro I will feel sad kasi I just want to share my stuff
on twitter but most of the time after a few minutes malilimutan ko na din ‘yung
bad feedback na ‘yun.
Q7. How does getting good feedback on Twitter affect your behavior? A: I feel
happy and my self-esteem is boosted. I hate to feel that way din kasi it is like I
am asking for validation sa ibang tao pero that's currently what I feel.
Q8. How does expressing yourself on Twitter affect your behavior?
A: I feel free because I am able to say what I want kahit walang nakakapansin.
Q9. How does getting bad feedback on Twitter affect your behavior?
A: It will mess with me for a few minutes pero babalewalain ko na din siya after
nun ‘yun lang.
(Follow-up Question): Paanong mess? What happens to you?
A: Medyo nag-wowonder lang siya sa utak ko… like I’ll wonder if tama ba or
mali ‘yung tini-tweet ko causing them to give me bad feedback pero once I go
down that hole, babalik din ako sa taas and not even care about It because It is
not something na dapat pinag-tutuunan ng pansin.
Participant 2
A: Madalas about sa mga nangyayare sa buhay ko saka sa mga friends, mga
random lang na nangyayare sa buhay ganon. Mga drama ganon, kapag trip ko
mag-drama. tas pictures ko ganern HAHAHAHA

4
A: Kapag bored ako tapos wala na kong makausap sa messenger, pumupunta
na ‘ko sa twitter para lang mag-check tas mag-share ng kung ano-ano. Q3. Do
you often Tweet about your thoughts and feelings? If yes, what do you feel
whenever you express yourself through Twitter?
A: Yes, medyo nagiging magaan sa loob kase kahit papano nalalabas ko mga
thoughts ko through tweets.
A: Syempre nagiging masaya lalo na sa part ko kase diba good feed backs
siya. Syempre lahat naman tayo gusto ng mga good feed backs about satin.
A: Oo, kase minsan may mga tweets na sobra kong nakakarelate ganon. Tas
syempre may times na naiinggit ako sa iba ganon, ‘di naman kase maiiwasan
yon.
A: Hinahayaan ko lang sila, wala naman akong magagawa kung yun talaga
feedback nila about sakin. Basta ako okay lang, masaya ‘ko sa buhay ko Q7.
How does getting good feedback on Twitter affect your behavior?
A: Nalalaman ko yung mga dapat at ‘di dapat gawin online, ‘yung mga dapat ‘di
at ‘di dapat dapat itweet. Bale Mas napapatino niya ‘ko as a person na
gumagamit ng social media.
A: Ano... Mas nagiging masaya kase ano, nakakapag express ako ng feelings
ko mga ganon kahit through tweets lang ganon.
(Follow-up Question): What happened pag nagiging masaya ka?

4
A: Pag masaya ako kase ayon na nga nakakapag-labas ako ng mga hard
feelings sa twitter na hindi ko kaya iopen sa ibang tao.
A: May times na naddown ako sa sarili ko ganon, pero sabi ko nga kanina na
oks lang kase opinion maman nila yon at wala akong magagawa don. Basta
masaya ko sa buhay
(Follow-up): What happens when you’re down?
A: Sakin kase kapag down ako, Mas nakakapag-reflect ako sa iba’t ibang
bagay.
So malalaman ko kung ano sa sarili ko ‘yung dapat kong itama
Participant 3
A: Mga kadramahan, Random Thoughts ganon andami eh di ko malagay lahat.
A: Palagi eh Masaya kasi nakaka enjoy minsan nakakarelate ako sa ibang
tweets.
A: Yes, Madami depende sa mood di ko din alam bat ang hilig ko mag rants at
bat ang hilig ko din i express yung nafifeel ko sa twitter.
(Follow-up Question): What do you feel whenever you express yourself? A:
Nakakagaan sa feeling although minsan nakakairita kasi andami kong rants,
pero kapag kasi nilalabas ko yung nafifeel ko through twitter na lelessen yung
dapat kong maramdaman.

4
A: Masaya nakakagaan sa feeling.
A: Minsan, kasi nakakaintimidate na sana ganon din ako yung confidence
ganon or what.
A: Minsan nakakainis pero minsan di ko nalang pinapansin kasi eto ako eh
wala silang magagawa so yon.
Q7. How does getting good feedback on Twitter affect your behavior? A:
Nakakagaan ng loob syempre nakakaboost ng confidence at self-esteem,
masarap sa feeling na may magandang feedbacks sayo kasi para sa kanila
okay ka at minsan gusto ko magtweet kasi makakapg spread ka ng positive
vibes Q8. How does expressing yourself on Twitter affect your behavior?
A: Mas naeexpress ko yung nararamdaman ko through twitter na hindi ko
maexpress in person pero syemore kahit na nagrarants ako alam ko padin
yung limits ko
A: Siguro yung sa pasensya ko natetest at the same time dahil sa bad
feedbacks meron akong maitatama kasi nga mali yon eh so need mong itama
need ng improvements sa sarili mo.
Participant 4

4
A: Usually, mga random thoughts lang, pag may gusto ishare, song lyrics or
quotes, mga kadramahan.
A: I use twitter when I want to be updated about the trending topics, when
something unusual happened to me, when I have my spare time, or in random
circumstances.
A: Oo, madalas. I feel free, at the same time, medyo naghohold back pa rin
kasi may followers, parang nagiging open book yung buhay ko so may mag
jajudge at mag jajudge pa rin.
A: Masaya, kasi marami nakakarelate sakin hehe
A: Yes, kasi sa twitter, di mo naman kontrolado yung mga tinitweet nila. So
kung may circumstances na almost same yung tweet, ibig sabihin, pareho kami
ng nararanasan or something like dat. Relief yun, na may karamay ka sa mga
bagay kahit di mo kilala personally. Sa ibang viewpoint naman, for example,
ako im feeling down tas yung iba, tweets nila, masaya, then di talaga
maiiwasan na magcompare. Parang "bakit sila masaya?" ganon.
A: Oks lang din. Tanggap lang. Di naman kasi talaga lahat ng tao mapplease
ko. May loopholes din ako, at knowing other people, kahit gano pa karaming
4
maayos yung nagawa mo, yung mali pa rin ang mapapansin nila. Kaya oks
lang.
Accept negativity pero don't let it ruin you.
Q7. How does getting good feedback on Twitter affect your behavior? A:
Nakakaboost ng self-esteem. Lalo pag maraming umaagree, minsan may mga
nagddm pa thank you daw ganon. Syempre masarap sa feeling na
nakakapagpagaan ng loob ng ibang tao. Kumbaga pag nakakakuha good
feedback, mas ginugusto kong magtweet kasi nakakaspread ng positive vibes
sa mga mutuals.

A: Mas nafifeel or naeexcercise ko yung freedom of expression, pero syempre,
I still keep in mind to never mantapak ng ibang tao through my tweets.
Napuputinto-life ko yung advocacy na "think before you click"
A: Pag bad feedback naman, i take it positively. Kumbaga, stepping stone yun
to strive for the better. Kasi Kung may bad feedbacks, ibig sabihin, may mali.
Kung may mali, kailangan itama. At para maitama, kailangan marecognize
yung mali.
Participant 5
A: Mostly my tweets are all about dramas. My dramas about life, I just tweet it
just to feel the relief.
A: Madalas kapag malungkot ako, nag uuse ako ng twitter.

4
A: I felt relieve kase nga nalalabas ko yung mga gusto kong sabihin or yung
mga nasa isip ko through twitter.
A: masaya… and ayun masaya
A: Yes, kase diba kapag yung ano… yung ibang tao nagtwitweet sila ng mga
achievements nila then sometimes gusto… naiisip ko na sana meron din ako
non. Nalulungkot ako kase nga naiingit ako.
A: I felt bad on myself non syempre nalulungkot din ako kase yung bad feed..
negative feedbacks nila nagiging negative rin sa.. yung pag tingin ko sa sarili
ko kase meron silang negative na nasasabi saken.
Q7. How does getting good feedback on Twitter affect your behavior?
A: uhm… ginaganahan ako gawin yung mga bagay na… na kinomplement nila
mas ginagawa ko pang better.
A: Depende sa mood e, kase kapag masaya tapos na eexpress ako… na
eexpress ko sa twitter mas lalo akong sumasaya, kapag malungkot tas
tinitweet ko lalo akong nalulungkot.
(Follow-up Question): What happens whenever you’re happy or sad? A: It
depends. When I'm sad, I ended up crying. When I'm happy, I I felt it genuinely.
(Follow-up Question): ‘yung happy ba? nagiging motivated ka?

4
A: Oo ganon HAHAHAHA
Q9. How does getting bad feedback on Twitter affect your behavior? A: Ahmm..
Tinatamad nakong gawin yung kung ano man ginagawa ko kapag nakakabasa
ako ng negative feedback.
(Follow-up Question): Parang you feel discouraged? Ganun?
A: Uhmm yeah. Discourage is indeed to the word that fit for what I've felt.

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The Emotional Effects of Using Twitter On Selected

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THE EMOTIONAL EFFECTS OF USING TWITTER ON SELECTED

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Course

Alpay, Czarina Jollie S.

Senior High School Department

Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City

938 Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon City

First, the researchers would like to express their sincere gratitude to

continuous support, patience and for making this research happen.

The researchers would like to address their sincere appreciation to Mr.

for the improvement of the research study.

The researchers also would like to express their deepest gratitude to

permission to conduct their research.

Also, a sincere thanks to the researcher interviewees for their

libraries which provides reference with regards to the research topic.

The researchers would like to acknowledge their parents for constantly

support and motivation.

strength, knowledge, ability and opportunity to undertake this research study.

This study is about distinguishing the positive and negative emotional

distinguishing the emotional effects, another objective of the study is to know

researchers wanted an in-depth analysis regarding the issue. The researchers

using Twitter and how these emotions affect their behavior.

experience positive emotions than negative emotions. The researchers

more positive effects on the selected senior high school students.

Keywords: Twitter, Emotional effects, Positive and Negative Emotions

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Page

Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Scope and Limitations of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURES

Related Literatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Primary Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Description of the Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Secondary Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Data

Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA . . . . . . . . . . 26

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

Background of the Study

Social Media is now a popular way to communicate, connect and to

share a variety of contents and information. It serves as the major interactive

platform for expression wherein an individual may not only disseminate

Correspondingly, Twitter is one of today’s widely used social networking

site. It is a free social network microblogging service that allows registered

members to broadcast short posts called tweets, which may be composed of

Twitter was announced to have an average of 336 million active users

worldwide in its third quarter (PR Newswire, 2018).

As of 2012, Twitter universally dominated the younger generation more

explanation why Twitter is more popular to teens is because Facebook has

adolescents are using social media, specifically Twitter to express themselves

Statement of the Problem

Students nowadays use Twitter as a way for them to express

themselves. Using Twitter as a platform for students to express themselves

Senior High School.