Module No 1

Module No.
1 Parts of Sentences
I. Overview:
In formal written English Language clear structure is of

paramount significance, and sentences are the foundation to achieve
this structure. Unlike in spoken English, where the listener’s
understanding is greatly aided by intonation, facial expressions and
body language, and where repetition, vagueness and uncompleted
ideas are perfectly acceptable. However, in expressing yourself in
formal written English you must write in clear, concise, complete, well-
punctuated sentences. Thus, we should know the different aspects of
sentences.
II. Objectives:
1. Identify the different parts of sentences.

2. Create a short dialogue about their experiences during Christmas
Break by using the Four Kinds of Sentences.
3. Construct a 1-paragraph about their New Year Resolution with the
use of simple and compound sentences.
III. Suggested Readings:
1. Surf in the net and document the websites of the related topics
found in this module.
2. Read other documents like books to help you understand these
different topics in this module.
3. Read also the following reference listed below:
Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. 2004. An

Introduction to Functional Grammar. Arnold: p. 6.Jump up ^
"'Sentence' – Definitions from Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com.
Retrieved 2008-05-23.
Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. 2004. An

Introduction to Functional Grammar. Arnold: p. 6.Jump up ^ Exploring
Language: Sentences
http://www.law.cuny.edu/wc/usage/run_on_sentences.html
IV. Individual Lesson
Direction:
1. Read and study the text provided below.
2. Answer the given exercises.
3. Pass all these next meeting (January 3, 2017).
Exploration of the Content:
A sentence is a group of words that tells a complete thought.
One part of a sentence tells who or what. This part is called the subject.
The other part of the sentence tells what the subject is or does. This part
is called the predicate.
Example:
An artist carves the horse from wood.
Subject Predicate
We went to a folk art museum.
Subject Predicate
The words in a sentence are in an order that makes sense. Begin every
sentence with a capital letter, and end it with an end mark.
A. Kinds of Sentences
Statements, questions, commands, and exclamations are different
kinds of sentences.
Definition of Terms
Statement is a sentence that tells something. (Declarative Sentence).
Question is a sentence that asks something. (Interrogative Sentence).
Command is a sentence that gives an order, request, and direction.
(Imperative Sentence).
Exclamation is a sentence that shows strong feeling. (Exclamatory
Sentence)
Observe the given examples below.
Statement: We are going to the art museum.
Question: When will they be giving the test?
Command: Study hard if you want to get high grades.
Exclamation: Wow, this picture is outstanding!
B. Types of sentences
Sentences are made up of clauses. A clause is a group of

grammatically-related words including a verb and a subject (though
sometimes is the subject is implied). Clauses are the building blocks of
sentences: every sentence consists of one or more clauses.
In more complex sentences there is always a main clause, together

with one or more relative or subordinate clauses. And getting even more
technical, clauses can be finite or non-finite. Finite clauses are based on
verbs which indicate tense, such as “saw” or “will go”, whereas non-finite
clauses are based on infinitives (the base form of the verb, such as
“consider”) or participles (for example, “taking”).
1. Simple sentences
Simple sentences contain just one finite clause and express just
one idea or provide just one piece of information.
Examples:
They can be very short:
I passed the test.
Or much longer:
Living only 3km away from the University on a main bus

route, he was able to get to his lecture in just 15 minutes.
In this second example, 24 words long, the first clause is non-

finite (living), while the second is finite (was able to). Although a
longer sentence, it still just expresses one piece of information.
2. Compound sentences
These sentences contain two or more simple sentences, or

independent clauses, joined by conjunctions such as or, but or and or
by a semi-colon or a colon.
They can have one subject and two verbs:
Observe the examples:
Birmingham City University is a modern university and is spread

over several campuses.
Birmingham is the second biggest city in the UK; it is situated in

the centre of the country.
Or two subjects (or a repeated subject) and two verbs:
I decided to have a gap year before starting my degree course,

but most of my friends went straight to university.
It was the best concert I had ever been to: Tom Waits sang
magnificently.
Remember not to separate the two parts of these sentences with just a
comma.
3. Complex Sentence
Complex sentences consist of two or more clauses, but unlike

compound sentences in which the clauses are “equal” and can be
independent, in this type of sentence they are not equal; there is a
main clause, a simple sentence which can be independent, with other
clauses dependent or subordinate on it. These clauses do not make
complete sense by themselves and are joined to the main clause by
linking words or phrases such as the conjunctions although, because,
when, if etc. They have one finite verb and their function is to give
reasons, conditions, concessions, times of action etc.
An example:
If England keep on playing in the same manner, they won’t win

the World Cup.
Here, the first clause (If England ...), although the longer of the
two, is dependent on the second clause, which is the main one. If
England keep on playing in the same manner doesn’t make complete
sense by itself, whereas they won’t win the World Cup does. The
second part, therefore, is clearly the more important piece of
information, while the first part is just one of the conditions, or in this
cases reasons, for saying this.
Other examples:
Although the workers have been given a 7% pay rise, they are
still not happy with their situation.
We left for the airport two hours earlier than usual because the
baggage handlers were threatening strike action.
Your aim should be to use a variety of sentences in your writing:
Short simple sentences grab the reader’s attention and add

emphasis.
Compound sentences can emphasise balance and parallel ideas.
Complex sentences show what information depends on what other

information.
Complex sentences can often be written “the other way round”:
If I win the lottery, I’m going to retire.
means more or less the same as
I’m going to retire if I win the lottery.
The only difference is one of emphasis (and a comma in the first

version).
C. Punctuating Sentences
Using punctuation is one way for a writer to make his/her meaning clear.
You know that a sentence tells a complete thought. Every sentence
begins with a capital letter. Each kind of sentence must also end with the
correct end mark.
A statement and a command end with a period.
A question ends with a question mark.
An exclamation ends with an exclamation point.
Notice the end mark in each kind of sentence.
Look at the examples.
Statement: I’ve got a terrible pain in my right ankle.

Question: Are you going to break up with me?
Command: Find out more about Rivera.
Exclamation: Wow that is amazing!
D. Complete Sentences
A complete sentence is a group of words that has a subject and a
predicate. It expresses a complete thought.
A group of words that does not express a complete thought and does
not have a subject and a predicate is not a complete sentence.
Observe the given examples:
Complete Sentence Not a complete sentence
I like to read stories. To read stories

What kind of stories do you like to read? What kind of stories?
Mary enjoys reading adventure and love stories. Reading adventure stories
E. Combining Sentences
` When you write, it is a good idea to combine sentences. Too many
short sentences can make your writing seem choppy. These can make
your writing more lively and interesting.
Examples are the following:
Simple Sentences: Yolanda might write a mystery story. She might

write a science fiction story.
Compound Sentence: Yolanda might write a mystery story, or she
might write a science fiction story.
IV. Evaluation
Exercise No.1
Direction: Make a sentence using each group of words. Put the words in
an order that makes sense.
1. the scraps different are colors

2. quilt this animal has designs
3. from school children many absent are
4. has fewer she work to projects on, but big ones all are they
5. emergency room a few nurses of the duty on tonight in the are
6. kept staring at my friend he and me
7. my library at the roommate always study
8. is a need there to debate issue this
9. want I to know on life the about planets other
10. a neither borrower a be lender nor
Exercise No.2
Direction: Write whether each sentence is a declarative, interrogative,
Imperative, and exclamatory.
1. Will you be taking the test tomorrow?

2. There are some apples in the bowl on the table.
3. Please read these current papers.
4. I just can’t wait to get started!
5. Can we paint it on the wall over there?
6. We will do a good job together.
7. Put these documents on my table.
8. Where are you when I need you the most?
9. You must keep only things that are yours.
10. Kyla went to the doctor because she had a very bad cold
Exercise No.3
Direction: Write CS if the group of words is a complete sentence. If it is not a
complete sentence, rewrite the group of words to make a complete sentence
by adding it with your own words.
1. Some magazines about science.

2. Other children’s magazines are about history.
3. Not have to read every story in the magazine.
4. You can learn a lot from magazines.
5. Magazines for computer users
6. She was working
7. Reading love story
8. Staying with you
9. What kind of movie
10. Fighting each other
Exercise No.4
Direction: Write whether each sentence is a simple sentence, complex
sentence or a compound sentence.
1. Usually children love adventure stories.

2. The children in the story are brave, and they have many adventures.
3. Some adventure stories are set in faraway places, but others take place
near home.
4. A child in the story was in danger, but his dog saved him.
5. Characters in adventure stories hike up mountains, sail boats, and explore
caves.
6. Kylie wants the man sitting behind him in the movie theater to stop talking.
7. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
8. I am beautiful in the eyes of the Lord.
9. Although I have read many books by John Steinbeck, my favorite is The
Pearl.
10. When Marcia was treasurer of her class last year, she was also president.
Exercise No.5
Direction: Write each sentence. Add the correct end mark.
1. What a great idea she had

2. His pizza is more round than yours
3. How do you do it
4. Rub over the paper with the side of a crayon
5. What a beautiful place I’ve ever seen
6. Kindly hand me that bag
7. Is he majoring mathematics
8. Before I die I want to move on from you
9. What is your philosophy in life
10. The students read the novel a day ago
Exercise No.6
Direction: Create a short dialogue about your experiences during Christmas Break
by using the four (4) kinds of sentences (Declarative sentence, Interrogative
sentence, Imperative sentence, and exclamatory sentence). Limit the character of
your dialogue from 5 to 10 sentences.
Exercise No.7
Direction: Construct a 1-paragraph about your New Year Resolution this coming
2017 with the use of simple and compound sentences. Underline once the simple
sentence and twice the compound sentence.

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Module No.

In formal written English Language clear structure is of

1. Identify the different parts of sentences.

III. Suggested Readings:

Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. 2004. An

Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. 2004. An

Sentences are made up of clauses. A clause is a group of

In more complex sentences there is always a main clause, together

They can be very short:

I passed the test.

Living only 3km away from the University on a main bus

In this second example, 24 words long, the first clause is non-

These sentences contain two or more simple sentences, or

They can have one subject and two verbs:

Observe the examples:

Birmingham City University is a modern university and is spread

Birmingham is the second biggest city in the UK; it is situated in

Or two subjects (or a repeated subject) and two verbs:

I decided to have a gap year before starting my degree course,

Complex sentences consist of two or more clauses, but unlike

If England keep on playing in the same manner, they won’t win

Your aim should be to use a variety of sentences in your writing:

Short simple sentences grab the reader’s attention and add

Compound sentences can emphasise balance and parallel ideas.

Complex sentences show what information depends on what other

Complex sentences can often be written “the other way round”:

If I win the lottery, I’m going to retire.

means more or less the same as

I’m going to retire if I win the lottery.

The only difference is one of emphasis (and a comma in the first

Look at the examples.

Statement: I’ve got a terrible pain in my right ankle.

Observe the given examples:

Complete Sentence Not a complete sentence

I like to read stories. To read stories

Simple Sentences: Yolanda might write a mystery story. She might

1. the scraps different are colors

1. Will you be taking the test tomorrow?

1. Some magazines about science.

1. Usually children love adventure stories.

1. What a great idea she had

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