Ethics 1

 
Ethics are set of principles that guide a person's behavior. These morals are shaped by social norms, cultural practices, and
religious influences. Ethics reflect beliefs about what is right, what is wrong, what is just, what is unjust, what is good,
and what is bad in terms of human behavior.
 
What is the focus of ethics?
Image result for an overview of ethics
Ethics also called moral philosophy. the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right and
wrong. The term is also applied to any system Of moral values principles.
 
The origins of ethics
Mythical accounts
Introduction of moral codes
When did ethics begin and how did it If me has in mind ethics the systematic study of what is morally right and wrong—it
is dear that ethics could have come into existence only when human beings started to reflect on the best way to live? This
reflective stage emerged long after human societies had some kind of morality. usually in the of customary standards of
right and wrong conduct. The process of reflection tended to arise from such customs, even if in the end it may have
found them wanting. Accordingly, ethics began with the introduction of the first moral codes.
 
Virtually every human society has some form of myth to explain the origin of morality.
In the Louvre in Paris there is a black Babylonian column with a relief showing the sun god Shamash presenting the code
of laws to Hammurabi (died c. BCE). known as the Code of Hammurabi. The Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) account of
God's giving the Ten Commandments to Moses (flourished 14th-13th century BCE) on Mount Sinai might be considered
another example. In the dialogue Protagoras by Plato (428/427—348/347 BCE). there is an avowedly mythical account of
how Zeus took pity on the hapless humans. who were physically no match for the other beasts? To make up for these
deficiencies Zeus gave humans a moral sense and the capacity for law and justice, so that they could live in larger and
with one another.
 
That morality should be invested with all the mystery and power of divine origin is not surprising. Nothing else could
provide such strong reasons for accepting the law. By attributing a divine origin to morality, the priesthood became its
interpreter and guardian and thereby secured for itself a power that it would not readily relinquish. This link between
morality and religion has been so firmly forged that it is still sometimes asserted that there can be no morality without
religion. According to this view, ethics is not an independent field of study but rather a branch of theology
 
There is some difficulty. already known to Plato, with the view that morality was
created by a divine power. In his dialogue Euthyphro, Plato considered the suggestion that it is divine that makes an action
good. Plato pointed out that, if this were the case, one could not say that the gods approve of such actions because they are
good. Why then do they approve of them? Is their approval entirely arbitrary? Plato considered this impossible and so
held that there must be some standards of right or wrong that are independent of the likes and dislikes of the gods. Modern
philosophers have generally accepted Plato's argument, because the alternative implies that if, for example, the gods had
happened to approve of torturing children and to disapprove of helping one's neighbors, then torture would have been
good and neighborliness bad.
 
Problems of divine origin
A modern theist (see theism) might say that, since God is good, God could not possibly approve of torturing children nor
disapprove of helping
neighbors. In saying this. however, the theist would have tacitly admitted that there is a standard of goodness that is
independent of God. Without an
independent standard, it would be pointless to say that God is good; this could mean only that God is approved of by God.
It seems therefore that. even for those who believe in the existence of God. it is impossible to give a satisfactory account
of the origin of morality in terms of divine creation. A different account is needed.
 
There are other possible connections between religion and morality. It has been said that. even if standards of good and
evil exist independently of God or the
gods. divine revelation is the only reliable means of finding out what these standards are. An obvious problem with this
view is that those who receive
divine revelations, or who consider themselves qualified to interpret them. do not always agree what is good and what is
evil. Without an accepted criterion for the authenticity of a revelation or an interpretation, people are no better off. so far
as reaching moral agreement is concerned than they would be if they were to decide on good and evil themselves. with no
assistance religion.
 
 
Define Objective
This is the foremost step. Without having a clear understanding of business goals, questions we need to answer. and
problems we ought to solve. none of the following steps will deliver. This also helps us to translate business objectives
into analytics objective and map data requirements.
 
Data Aggregation
The process of having a centralized location for the data. extracting and loading the relevant data by putting relevant
filters. and creating subsets of data is the core aspect of Data Aggregation. This is where the data is transformed
depending upon the business requirement. Also, data pertaining various sources are combined to have one large dataset.
The format of the data is also sometimes changed at this step to make it compatible with the tool being used to achieve the
objectives.
 
 
Traditionally, a more important link between religion and ethics was that religious teachings were thought to provide a
reason for doing what is right. In its crudest form, the reason was that those who obey the moral law will be rewarded by
an eternity of bliss while everyone else roasts in hell. In more sophisticated versions, the motivation provided by religion
was more inspirational and less blatantly self-interested. Whether in its crude or its sophisticated version. or something in
between. religion does provide an answer to one of the great questions of ethics: 'Why should I be moral? (See below
Ethics and reasons for action.) As will be seen in the course of this article, however. the answer provided by religion is not
the only one available.
 
 
Ethics
Ethics. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that concerns itself with the good and evil nature (morality) of actions and seeks
to guide behavior in a way that increases good actions in society, The term ethics may refer to the philosophical study of
the of moral right and wrong and moral good and bad to any philosophical theory of what is morally and wrong or
morally good and bad. and to any system or code of moral rules, principles. or values.
 
 
ETHICS = MORAL PHILOSOPHY
 
Ethics = inquiry into the nature of morality, codes and principles of moral action.
Morality = actual practice of living according to certain rules of conduct or moral behavior.
Absolutism vs. Subjectivism (moral relativism)
Cultural relativism and moral relativism
Are religious beliefs reducible to ethics?
First-order/second-order desires/volitions
 
 
What did Kant say about morality?
Kant's theory is an example of a moral to these the rightness wrongness of actions does not depend their consequences but
on whether they fulfill duty Kant believed that there was a supreme principle of morality. and he referred to it as The
Categorical Imperative.
 
How does Kant define morality?
Kant believed that the shared ability of humans to reason should be the basis of morality, and that it is the ability to reason
that makes humans morally significant. He, therefore, believed that all humans should have the right to dignity and
respect.
 
 
What is the relation between philosophy and morality?
Moral philosophy is the branch of philosophy that contemplates what is right and wrong. It explores the nature of morality
and examines how people should live their lives in relation to others. Moral philosophy has three branches
 
How should we define morality?
Morality refers to the set of standards that enable people to live cooperatively in groups. It's what societies determine to be
and "acceptable." Sometimes, acting in a moral manner means individuals must sacrifice their own short-term interests to
benefit society.
 
 
What is morality example?
Morality is the standard of society used to decide what is right wrong behavior. An example of morality is the belief by
someone that it is wrong to take what doesn't belong to them, even if no one would know. Principles of right and wrong in
conduct: ethics.
 
What is the goal of morality?
Morality requires us to avoid doing bad things. again. by definition. Hence, we all have a moral duty not to harm other
living things. This moral duty exists objectively because harm exists objectively. Just as 1 + 1 = 2 is objectively true. so
"we should not harm other living things" is objectively true.
 
What is the starting point of morality?
Morality may also be specifically synonymous with "goodness" or 'rightness". What is moral point? The moral point of
view is the impartial, universalizable perspective that each person is capable of assuming. Here the term person is used in
a technical sense to denote rational. self-governing being
 
Who is the father of philosophy?
Socrates of Athens
Socrates of Athens (I. c. 470/469-399 BCE) is among the most famous figures in world history for his contributions to the
development of ancient Greek philosophy which provided the foundation for all of Western Philosophy. He is, in fact,
known as the Father of Western Philosophy' for this reason.
 
 
What are the main points of philosophy?
The ideas in philosophy are often general and abstract. The four main branches of philosophy are logic. epistemology,
metaphysics, and axiology. Logic studies the connection between evidence and conclusions which one wishes to draw
from the evidence. Epistemology studies the nature of knowledge itself. Metaphysics is a type of philosophy study that
uses broad concepts to help define reality and our understanding of it. As such. it is concerned with explaining the features
of reality that exist beyond the physical world and our immediate senses. Axiology. (From Greek axios. "worthy”. • logos.
"science'), also called Theory of Value. the
philosophical study of goodness, value, in the widest sense of these terms.