Visible Architecture For Animals: Stage 1 - Report
Visible Architecture For Animals: Stage 1 - Report
Visible Architecture For Animals: Stage 1 - Report
ANIMALS
STAGE 1 - REPORT
SCHEDULE AND DELIVERABLES
• REVIEW 1: 06.01.2021
Literature review
Case studies
Comparative analysis
Site analysis
• REVIEW 2: 27.01.2021
Basic zoning
Preliminary concept with alternatives
First stage report
• REVIEW 3: 17.02.2021
Detailed concept
Finalized structures
Second stage report
• REVIEW 4: 10.03.2021
Refinement of drawings with furniture integration
Services
Landscaping (indoor and outdoor)
Third stage report
• REVIEW 5: 31.03.2021
Final working drawings and presentation drawings
3d views and walk through
Service drawings (plumbing layout, electrical layout, sewer layout)
Final overall report
VISIBLE ARCHITECTURE FOR ANIMALS
1. Introduction
2. Literature review
• Initial study through books and journals
• Standards
3. Case studies
ANIMAL SHELTERS:
• Palm springs animal shelter, USA
• Blue cross of India, Chennai
• ResQ charitable trust, Pune
• CARE, Bangalore
ANIMAL HOSPITALS:
• Rowan animal hospital, USA
• Cessna lifeline hospital, Bangalore
• CUPA animal hospital, Bangalore
• Madras veterinary college hospital, Vepery
4. Comparative analysis
5. Supportive study
• AKC Dog museum, USA
• Kuching’s cat museum, Malaysia
6. Area requirements
7. Site analysis
VISIBLE ARCHITECTURE FOR
ANIMALS
People might get bored of the same A different experience for the user during each
experience every time visit
These spaces focuses only on particular age Animals act as stress buster and more relaxing
groups. Wont be suitable for all user types experience for all age groups
Not all spaces ensure interactive features More interesting and interactive elements
which might be boring than the conventional one
Not all spaces are animal friendly and has Builds strong ecoscape and good community
certain restrictions
The user might feel being locked up in the This concept emphasizes on the holistic
space with no proper integration of exterior approach of integrating the landscape with
spaces built up spaces along with the other beings
(animals)
Animal friendly spaces are more relaxing than Hygiene should not be compromised
conventional ones
Majority of them prefers adopting pets rather Safety and security plays a key role in
than buying one designing animal friendly spaces
Interpretation centre and experiential space Spaces should be segregated properly based
for animals also helps in humane education on categories of animals and should not cause
and a different approach towards life animal discomfort
Gives an opportunity for general public to get Ensuring proper medication for animals at all
involved in the animal activities times
VISIBLE ARCHITECTURE FOR
ANIMALS
TRAINING
INTERPR
ANIMAL ANIMAL &
ETATION
SHELTER HOSPITAL THERAPY
CENTRE CENTRE
Dogs that have been rescued from accidents, mistreated by owners, starving to death and so
on, are taken to a safe place by some animal lover and sent to the animal shelter with a second
opportunity to live.
This is the need of the hour since animals play an integral part of human lives since their
existence. After the physical and intellectual growth, we started exploiting resources for our
comfort and development.
Thus the question arises
OBJECTIVE:
• To understand how spaces for animals function and develop a fear free
environment for patients
• To comprehend why animal shelters are the way they are
• To find a solution to the overcrowding and insufficient shelters
• To come up with innovative design that caters to the physical and
psychological well being of the animals
RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
• What are the standard space recommendations for various animals in animal
shelter?
• What kind of social environment should be provided for animals?
• What are the various strategies for different infrastructure facilities provided?
• What can be done to reduce the odour, noise level and energy consumption?
• How can humans – animal environment be created by providing a comfortable
environment for both?
• Can these models be sustainable and provide back to community?
SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF ANIMALS:
SHELTERING PROCESS:
THE PROPOSITION:
• Site specific design – It refers to the enhancement of human-animal-environment
relationship based on the site and user abundance
• Module – A sector based module that can be easily adapted and installed in place of need
SOURCE: https://www.sheltervet.org/assets/docs/shelter-standards-oct2011-wforward.pdf
FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH:
Certain questions need to be answered before proceeding to the design phase.
• What are animal shelters and how do they function?
• What is animal assisted therapy?
• How will the functions of different areas co-relate to each other?
• Who are the users?
• Why is there a need to preserve animal-human bond?
Tucked somewhere in the by-lanes of the crowded Bhuleshwar bazaar is the Bombay Panjrapole, a
176-year-old infirmary that primarily looks after 350 cows and other stray animals like donkeys, hens,
birds, dogs, goats, parrots and ducks.
The shelter, painted bright blue, spreads across a sprawling two acres within the congested market; it
is airy and calm. The only sounds you hear are those of fluttering pigeons at the courtyard
kabutarkhana, or cows mooing in the sheds.
The aim of the Panjrapole is to nurture and care for animals in distress and protect these strays from
ending up at slaughter houses or being tranquilised.
INSPIRATION FROM Ar. JOYCE HWANG:
Ar. Joyce hwang is the director of Ants of the prairie, an office of architectural practice and
research that focusses on confronting contemporary ecological conditions through creative
means.
Currently she is developing a series of projects that incorporate wildlife habitats into
constructed environment, including
• Bat tower
• Bat cloud
• Habitat wall
• Bower
• BAT CLOUD: Metaphorical installations which consist of bat habitation areas. Bat cloud is a
hanging canopy of vessels that is designed and constructed to support bat habitation. From
afar, the piece appears like a cloud, hovering in the trees. Closer up, the viewer would be
able to see plants hanging from each vessel.
• HABITAT WALL: Habitat wall is an exploration of various strategies for implementing bat
habitation opportunities in existing urban environment. The project is a new type of exterior
wall construction that would attract and provide “urban housing” for bats and other wildlife.
• BOWER: Bower is a series of architectural fragments that frame the landscape of Art Park
and host bird nesting boxes for various species. The project also features custom-designed
glass ‘windows’ composed of drawings and anti bird-strike patterning.
• They provide opportunities for • These are the goal directed intervention
educational, recreational, therapeutic in which animals people as an integral
benefits to enhance the quality of life. part of the treatment process.
• They are the casual “meet and greet” • Common animals used are
activities that involves pets visiting • Dogs
people. • Cats
• It can be with any age group of people • Horses
visiting the place without any • rabbits
restrictions.
1.The Outpatient/ Clinical unit deals with day to day handling of patients.
This unit must have proper facility to hold a large number of patients and
daily footfall based on the number of Outpatient rooms available. Therefore
it is important to think about the waiting areas for such spaces
2.The Surgical unit is a sterile area and must be deal with utmost hygiene
and care as it can easily transmit diseases during surgery when the wounds
are open. This unit of the hospital is not open to the public and must follow
strict routines of sterilization as per VCI standards. (Veterinary Council of
India)
3.General Services in a Veterinary clinic refer to the Administrative
department, account keeping, janitor services, pharmacy and storage facility.
Etc. These are the ancillary facilities that are necessary to support the
functioning of the hospital
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The design of the hospital is important and many factors should be considered to create a
suitable environment. Some of the main points are listed below:
A. Environmental Conditions:
- Any clinical areas such as the animal wards and surgery should be maintained at a higher
temperature for animals undergoing surgery or recovering from GA and for sick patients on
treatment.
-There should be adequate and appropriate ventilation, open windows and doors do not
help to maintain any heat and are also an escape route for patients
-Adequate ventilation also helps to release bad odor from Treatment and Isolation rooms
-Recovery rooms with access to greenery either physically or visually helps in healing
B. Function:
-Each room should be adequate for its function, they should be large enough for the
purpose and have sufficient lighting, electrical sockets and be in a good location.
-Ideally surgery rooms on higher floors should be avoided if kennel/holding areas are
downstairs.
-Zoning of spaces ought to be done with respect to the way they function, for example,
an emergency surgery will have to go from the emergency unit to the preparation room
to the OT and then to recovery and(or) In patient ward. This sequence must determine
the location of various spaces and functions
C. Layout:
-The floor plan of the hospital or clinic should be carefully considered so that there is a flow
through of traffic such as from consulting room out to treatment areas and kennels and from
prep room to surgery.
-Having to walk through several rooms or even go outside to get from one area to another
is not ideal.
-Where possible the front of the hospital should be for client areas such as reception
and consulting rooms, and the rear is treatment areas that are more private and
secure.
-It should be determined early in the design process which areas of the hospital should
-receive special consideration for infection control.
-These areas include those used for housing or treating immune-
compromised patients (e.g., patients receiving chemotherapy, geriatric
patients, pediatric patients), such as operating rooms, isolation areas,
intensive care units, postoperative recovery rooms, and oncology
wards.
- Operating rooms require a higher degree of infection control than other areas.
-The design of the operating room should limit foot traffic in the
adjacent areas. This mainly involves placing the operating room in a "dead
end" to minimize the movement of people outside the entrance. Windows
in operating rooms should never be opened.
-Any windows in the hospital that are allowed to open should be well fitted
with insect screens.
SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Clinical areas
B. Surgical areas
C. General areas
A.CLINICAL AREAS
Much of the outpatient area is for the clients use. It is occasionally referred to as the clinical area
because of the activities are clinical oriented. The functions that occur here include reception,
examination, pathological services, pharmaceutical services, public toilet, and storage
1.RECEPTION
-The receptionist station should be designed for two employees and in a manner allowing
them to observe entering clients, direct clients to examination rooms, collect compensation
due, assist the doctors as needed, and work without disturbance from children, dogs, and
talkative clients.
-A small counter should be available for payment of accounts affording a limited degree of
privacy so that the client feels free to discuss charges in detail.
Equipment:
• 2 rolling chairs
• counter for filling out records
• separate counter for money transactions and scheduling appointments (for privacy)
• telephone answering device
• record storing system
• intercom system
• burglar alarm system
• file cabinets (4 drawer)
• copy machine
2.WAITING ROOM
Most of the stress and fear developed at a Veterinary hospital comes from the type of
waiting room environment. Improper segregation of species, Close proximity of cat and
dog waiting areas in the hospital is the top reason of creating stress in dogs and cats.
Reception areas in veterinary hospitals have traditionally been akin to standard physician’s
office waiting rooms. They’re typically lined with chairs and benches. Sometimes there’s a
hospitality counter with coffee and water and a television on the wall for light
entertainment.
Modern veterinary practices often try to think outside the box when it comes to the waiting
experience at their hospital by incorporating alternative waiting areas. These alternative
waiting areas offer more to clients—more technology, more comfort, more convenience and
more choices
Client waiting:
1.Outdoor waiting areas: Give clients the option to get outside for a bit instead of being
cooped up inside. Clients can get some fresh air and reconnect with nature. For pets that get
stressed sitting in reception, it’s an opportunity to go to a more open and natural
environment, which might help them feel less confined and potentially calmer and happier
• For these people, it’s nice to offer a long-term waiting area—a separate,
quieter and more private space than standard waiting rooms.
• They should be extra comfortable, with sofas and arm chairs, and equipped with
TVs, Wi-Fi and maybe even some computers for public use. Having snacks and
beverages available is also nice, as well as private restrooms, if possible.
Patient waiting
-Configuration of the seating and availability of varied options to clients and pets
can contribute to a better waiting room environment
Examination Equipment:
Services:
-Air conditioning
-Water supply
4. PHARMACY:
The pharmacy should be located adjacent to the examination rooms and located in the exit
way of the client so as provide easy access without having to go out of the necessary
circulation area
5.LABORATORY:
The lab needs to be fully equipped in order to conduct and provide results within the hospital
itself. It should be in close proximity to a diagnostic unit with a pass
through cabinet to transfer samples. The machines are not allowed to heat over 30 degree
Celsius
Equipment:
6.RADIOGRAPHY:
A separate room should be allocated for taking X-rays. It must consist of a storage unit to
hold the dressing and another unit to store records
Equipment:
8.STORAGE ROOM
There needs to be two types of storage areas in the hospital:
A storage room needs to be provided for storing medicine stock; this room should be adjacent
to the pharmacy to easy restocking. A general store room adjacent to the office area is to be
provided to store records and medical details of the patients
9.RESTROOMS
There should be a toilet that is convenient for the public's use. A separate restroom
should be provided for the staff, adjacent to a staff lounge
B.SURGICAL AREAS
1.TREATMENT
The treatment of a patient follows the examination and can occur either during the
examination or in another centrally located and better equipped place depending on the
type and extent of treatment necessary. Usually the veterinarian chooses to take the patient
to a treatment table away from the client to prevent him from experiencing unpleasant
sights and to have more equipment at his disposal. Such procedures as minor surgery and
dental work are done, and here emergency cases can be received and evaluated. These
facilities should be located adjacent to where the examination rooms and the pharmacy-
laboratory
Equipment:
2. ISOLATION ROOMS
-Should be designed with an anteroom to provide a place for donning barrier clothing
(e.g., gloves, gown, and booties) as well as disinfectant footbaths and a hand washing
station.
-The anteroom also limits the movement of air from the isolation room to the general
population of patients and provides storage for contaminated linens.
If space allows, the dedication of two separate areas for isolating patients enables the
separation of animals with different infectious diseases.
- A separate bathing tub within the isolation unit is also useful if there is enough space.
-Isolation rooms and soiled areas of the hospital (e.g., areas where dirty laundry collects)
should be under negative pressure (<2.5 Pa) in relation to adjacent areas.
-
This prevents infectious particles from being transmitted to clean areas of the hospital by
air currents.
-Isolation areas should receive six to 12 air changes per hour, and all air should be
exhausted directly outdoors with no recirculation.
-If this is not possible, the air should pass through HEPA filters before being added to
general circulation.
-Ventilation professionals (usually the provider of the HVAC system) should routinely check
the balance of airflow in the various areas of the hospital, ideally when the building's
climate control changes from predominantly heating to predominantly air conditioning or
vice versa, or at least once a year.
3. SURGERY:
The most tedious and exacting work is done here and requires a high degree of sterilization
and freedom from all distractions.
-The introduction and use of such equipment as anesthetic machines, heart monitor,
and automatic resuscitator means that more space is required for surgery.
-Ample space- ability to navigate the patient around without interrupting the surgeon
Equipment: Rooms:
• Sterile corridor
• Shadow less lamp
• OT
• Anesthetic machine
• Scrub up area
• Gas manifold
• CSSD
• Autoclave sterilizing machine
• Pre-operative room (for surgeon)
• Surgical trays
• Preparation room (for patient)
• Portable X-ray machine
• Dirty corridor
• Wall mounted X-ray viewer
• Dirty linen storage
• Stainless steel surgical table
• Staff lounges
• Storage cabinets
• Recovery room
• ICU
• In patient wards (separate for dogs and
cats)
Services: Water supply, Sterile Air conditioning, Oxygen lines, sewage systems
4. RECOVERY AND OBSERVATION WARD
This ward is basically for critical postsurgical patients that need the extra care to assure rapid
recovery. It should be located so that the veterinarian can observe while passing by or while
performing other duties. An observation window should be provided
Wards and runs should be given special consideration in respect to ventilation, cleaning
and sound control.
-From the standpoint of ventilation and for the purpose of noise isolation, they are best
located at the rear of the hospital.
-The ventilation rate of the kennel should be determined on a different basis than the rest of
the hospital because of the large concentration of odor sources.
-Entering into the amount of odor sources is the number of animals, physical condition
of those animals, and frequency of compartment and run clean-up.
-The quantity of outside air for ventilation of the kennel and runs should be based on an
estimated percentage of animal occupancy and types of animals
-The wards and runs should have exhaust fans to assure positive exhaust and maintain a
negative pressure between these areas and other parts of the hospital
EXERCISE RUNS
-The exercise runs serve two necessary functions:
-They provide a place for the animals while the cages are serviced, and they serve as a place
to exercise the animals of the wards.
-The runs are best located adjacent to the wards to minimize the time and effort needed to
exercise the dogs.
-Although the minimum size for a run is 3' by 5', runs for larger dogs should be provided at
a minimum size of 4' by 7’.
-Extremely large dogs are occasionally kept in the runs rather than a cramped cage
-Divisions between runs should be constructed to discourage any contact between
occupants
-A four inch concrete block wall properly coated with glazed wall coating is the most
satisfactory, particularly in terms of long-range wear and use.
-It is recommended that these walls should be constructed approximately 5'-6" high
with cove base and rounded cap.
C. GENERAL AREAS
RECEPTION
-Reception with adequate waiting areas are key to a good hospital design
OFFICE
-General accounts room for record keeping and Office room in close proximity to the
reception
-The veterinarian should have a private office for consultation purposes with clients, for
a place to concentrate on personal business, and relax privately.
LOUNGE
-The staff members need a place they can relax privately during a break or during lunch.
-It should be furnished with a sleeper-sofa, refrigerator, micro-wave oven, and a table with
chairs for the convenience of the staff
KITCHEN
-The wards require a place to prepare the animal's food.
- Very few animal hospitals go to the trouble of cooking and preparing the food for the
patients.
-The prepared canned diets today are more than adequate and require much less time
and expense.
-A counter space, sink, can opener, refrigerator, storage and refuse disposal are the
necessary items for this function.
-
The cabinet space above the counter top will be used as secondary storage of the canned
diets; adjustable shelving is recommended.
-Top will be used as storage of the dry food, bowls and refrigerator.
LAUNDRY
-Provisions for washing and drying soiled clothing is necessary.
SERVICES:
1.AHU: Adequate Air Handling Units for both general air conditioning as well as Surgical air
conditioning is necessary
2. WASTE DISPOSAL:
-Proper facilities for the collection and disposal of waste generated in the hospital are to be
provided
These functions include the preparation of both the patient and equipment.
The equipment consists of the surgical linens, instruments and electronic devices.
Pre-operative Procedure-PATIENT:
• The preoperative procedures deal with the preparation of the patient.
• This takes place in the Preparation room
• The veterinary assistants begin with the administering of the pre-anesthetic
medication followed by anesthesia.
• The surgical area of the patient is clipped and the loose hair is removed.
• The surgical area is cleansed, and the animal is transported to the surgery table.
• Hair, dust and other debris are left behind keeping the surgery clean,
therefore maintaining a high sterilized state during the surgery
Pre-operative Procedure-EQUIPMENT:
• All equipment to be used must be thoroughly sterilized in an Autoclave and be kept
in the CSSD (central sterile services department)
• The CSSD must be abutting the sterile area
Post-operative Procedure-PATIENT:
• The patients undergoing Minor surgery will be taken to the recovery area and then
can be sent home
• Patients undergoing Major surgery will be taken to the recovery room post- surgery
and then moved to the In-patient wards, in the case of needing medical attention, the
patient will be taken to the ICU post-surgery and then to the In-patient wards
Post-operative Procedure-SURGEON & STAFF:
• The surgeon and veterinary staff assisting during the surgery will need to change
from soiled scrubs and take a shower in the provided staff lounge
Post-operative Procedure-EQUIPMENT:
• Postoperative procedures include the cleaning and sterilization of the surgical
linens and instruments. The operating gowns, gloves, towels and drapes are first
cleaned in a washing machine then dried.
• Then they are loosely folded and sterilized in the autoclave.
• After sterilization they are stored for future use.
• The surgical instruments are cleaned in soap and water.
• Then they are sterilized with dry heat, because steam or boiling dulls the cutting
edges.
• Surgical packs of instruments are made up, containing the proper selection necessary
to perform certain surgical procedures.
• These packs are stored for future use and should be such that easy access from the
operating room is provided.
• Sensitive areas such as operating rooms and chemotherapy treatment areas should be
ventilated so that the room air pressure is higher than the corridor air pressure.
• This "positive-pressure ventilation" ensures that air moves from clean to less-clean
areas (i.e., from inside the room to the corridor), thereby keeping airborne infectious
particles from entering the sensitive area. Operating rooms should be kept at a pressure
that is 2.5 Pa greater than adjacent areas.
• Supply air should enter the room at the ceiling, and exhaust vents should be
placed near the floor.
• The use of laminar airflow ventilation systems has been advocated in human
medicine.
• Laminar airflow ventilation systems provide vertical or horizontal layers of air
movement in the operating room such that the flow is highest directly over
the surgical site, limiting the introduction of particles from the environment
and personnel.
•
Therefore, maintaining a high quality of the air in the operating theatre is essential to
controlling the risk of surgical infections. To reduce the morbidity and healthcare costs
associated with these infections, airborne bacteria and other sources of contamination must
be minimized.
In this regard, a fundamental role is played by the contamination- controlled airflow
system (heating, ventilation, air-conditioning system: HVAC). Indeed, in addition to
maintaining temperature and humidity at optimal levels, this system provides ventilation
that is able to keep the concentrations of gaseous pollutants, particulates and airborne
microbes below predetermined levels. HVAC systems perform multiple functions
simultaneously, including controlling three known central variables in the airborne
transmission of infectious particles: temperature, relative humidity, and air currents.
Therefore, HVAC systems are intended to provide for the health, comfort, and safety of
occupants by maintaining thermal and air quality conditions that are acceptable to the
occupants.
In the operating theatre, the specific features of the airflow system which enable SSIs to
be contained are ventilation (dilution), air distribution, room pressurization (infiltration
barrier) and filtration (contaminant removal).
The air in operating theatres should be kept at a higher pressure than in corridors and
adjacent areas. This positive pressure prevents the flow of air from less sterile areas into
more sterile ones.
With regard to ventilation, various international scientific organizations recommend a
minimum of 15 air exchanges per hour. Specifically, the "Guidelines for environmental
infection control in health-care facilities" issued by the CDC recommend a minimum of
about 15 exchanges of filtered air
per hour, three (20%) of which must be fresh air. The 2008 edition of ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE
Standard 170 ("Ventilation of Health-care Facilities") , recommends a minimum of 20 total
air exchanges per hour and a minimum of 4 exchanges of outdoor air per hour in operating
theatres.
The main types of airflow systems are: turbulent-flow, unidirectional-flow and mixed-
flow.
Turbulent flow directly involves the whole environment, the concentration of airborne
contaminants being controlled by means of dilution. This type of system increases the
effectiveness of air exchange and distribution. However, it has the disadvantage of speeding
up microbial dispersion. In several countries, this type of airflow is generally considered
adequate for operating theatres in which general surgery or similar operations are
performed
In unidirectional-flow systems ("laminar airflow or LAF"), the air travels in parallel
lines and contaminants are carried away at the same velocity as the airflow. Low-velocity
unidirectional flow tends to minimize the spread of airborne contaminants and direct
them towards the exhaust outlets. This system, as opposed to turbulent flow, allows
airborne particles to pass the operating area and prevents them from landing in the
wound area
Unidirectional airflow is designed to move particle-free air (called "ultraclean air") over
the aseptic operating field at a uniform velocity (0.3 to 0.5 μm/sec), sweeping away
particles in its path
From a purely technical standpoint, systems that provide laminar flow regimes
constitute the best option for an operating theatre, in terms of contamination
control, as they result in the smallest percentage of particles impacting the
surgical site.
The reason for this is that such systems supply a controlled, constant column of air to
the surgical site area; this is effective in sweeping contaminants from the surgical site
area, where they might otherwise be deposited
Laminar airflow through HEPA filters, which display 99.97% efficiency in removing
airborne particles of 0.3 μm and above, can be supplied to the operating area by
ceiling-mounted (vertical flow) or wall-mounted (horizontal flow) units. It has been
suggested that improper positioning of personnel in operating theatres with a
horizontal and vertical laminar airflow may increase the risk of infection.
In the so-called mixed-flow system, unidirectional airflow regimes are only used to
protect critical zones (e.g. the area surrounding the operating field)
Most operating theatres have conventional ventilation and laminar air-flow systems with
HEPA filters are generally used for orthopedic and other implant surgery
Charnley research team evaluated 5,800 surgical operations; he showed that
intraoperative contamination was a major threat to the success of total joint
replacements, and revealed that the rate of SSI fell dramatically from 7 to 0.5% when
unidirectional airflow regimes with a high number of hourly air exchanges were
adopted and surgical staff wore special suits that covered the whole body.
Subsequently, other studies have shown that fewer infections arise when orthopedic
surgery is performed in operating theatres with ultra-clean air facilities.
Currently, there is no complete consensus in the scientific community with regard to
the need to use unidirectional airflows in prosthetic orthopedic surgery, since no
prospective studies comparing air quality with SSI rates are available.
In theory, preventing contamination by flowing particle free air unidirectional over the
surgical site can potentially reduce the risk of SSI. Although this method is biologically
plausible, and some previous studies have supported this concept, a meta-analysis
encompassing 26 studies could not ultimately confirm the role of LAF in surgery, and
some recent studies have even indicated an increase in SSI after hip prosthesis with
procedures performed under LAF
SURFACES AND FITTINGS
1.FLOORS
The choice of flooring material depends on the area of the hospital. Floors in clinical areas
should be easy to clean. This requires that the surface be relatively
smooth, nonporous, water resistant, and not physically affected by germicidal cleaning
solutions.
3. WALLS
• Wall finishes also depend on the area of the hospital. Textile or fabric wall covering
should be avoided, except perhaps in administrative areas.
• In clinical areas where walls are likely to be soiled, the finish should be washable.
Vinyl wall covering is a good choice, as long as the texture is relatively smooth for
cleaning.
• For areas where the walls require frequent cleaning, a nonporous, smooth
surface is recommended.
• Good choices in these areas are:
• Painted, sealed concrete;
• Laminates (e.g., melamine);
• In sensitive areas of the hospital (e.g., isolation units, surgical suites, oncology wards),
wall finishes should be free of fissures, open joints, or crevices that could harbor
dirt particles. Wherever plumbing penetrates the wall, the joins should be well sealed.
4. CEILINGS
• Ceilings are less likely to be directly contaminated with infectious body fluids than
walls or floors.
• It is therefore advisable to install a hard ceiling that is smooth and washable (e.g.,
painted drywall) in operating rooms.
Joins at any ceiling perforations (e.g., for surgical lighting, ventilation ducts should be
sealed.
5. COLOUR:
It may behave veterinarians to paint or decorate their practice in colors that are positively
perceived by dogs and cats. Architect Heather Lewis is currently working on what colors and
lighting might be calming for dogs and cats in the veterinary environment. Dogs have
dichromatic vision, see better in low light than humans can, and can see into the
ultraviolet UVB spectrum. Cats also see into the UVB spectrum and in low-light situations,
and although they are not believed to see colors with as much precision as humans do, they
have trichromatic vision (Lewis, 2015). The ability to see the UVB spectrum means that some
materials are likely to appear fluorescent to dogs and cats, including organic material such
as urine that contains phosphorous. Bright white, man-made materials such as paper, plastic
and white fabrics are likely to be visually jarring— “Your professional-looking white doctor’s
coat could be lighting up like a Christmas tree to your patients” (Lewis, 2015). Lewis (2015)
suggests that “fear free” colours for dogs and cats include hues in the soft yellow to violet
range, avoiding oranges and reds, and dark colours. Because dogs and cats do not see
well in low light, using lighter colours in darker areas are likely to make them feel more at
ease, as dark colours make it harder to see and comprehend their surroundings. A “visually
comfortable” colour palate for dogs and cats can be found on-line
2.Adoptions
The shelter should strive to place animals in loving, responsible, and permanent homes.
Adoption fees for purebred or obedience-trained animals or for animals with
distinguishing characteristics should be the same as those charged for other animals. In
addition, adoption fees for cats and dogs should be identical
3.Record Keeping
Complete and accurate records are essential for the responsible, efficient, and legal
operation of your animal shelter. A record should be prepared for every animal entering
the shelter, giving a full description of the animal and any information about the animal's
background that is available. These records should be numbered and filed so that all staff
can easily retrieve them. An animal should have the same record or tag number
throughout his or her stay at the shelter, and each animal must be clearly identified with a
temporary collar and tag.
Accurate record keeping is also necessary for an effective lost-and-found program as well
as for tracking animal control calls, cruelty complaints, and the disposition of the animals
in the shelter's care.
4.Programs
Shelter activities should be based on the best interests of the animals and the community.
The role of staff members is to provide humane care of the animals and to carry out the
shelter's programs effectively. Staff members should provide commissioners or board
members with information or assistance that will promote the development of responsible
animal care and control programs.
5.Spay/Neuter Efforts
It is imperative that shelters have a mandatory spay/neuter program for all adopted animals,
preferably one that incorporates both sterilization at adoption and early- age spay/neuter.
Shelters should make it a top priority to ensure that the animals they place for adoption do
not contribute to companion animal overpopulation
6.Cruelty Investigation
Every community should have trained personnel to investigate animal cruelty issues and
enforce animal protection laws. All calls and complaints must be handled in a professional,
courteous, and timely manner. Personnel should be able to respond twenty-four hours a day
in cases of emergency.
7.Humane Education
Every shelter should make every effort to provide humane education for local residents,
especially children. From sponsoring community-wide awareness campaigns to sending
shelter staff into classrooms for presentations, your shelter can embrace a variety of
strategies to teach responsible pet ownership and instill a humane ethic in all members
of the community
8.Volunteers
Volunteers can be an invaluable asset to any shelter and its animals. All volunteers must
be properly trained for the duties they are assigned and should be supervised at all times
SHELTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
One of the basic goals should be to reduce stress and disease transmission. Separation
of the animals in the care of the facility in the following manner is critical:
-Do NOT use double or triple decker cages for animals as they are difficult to clean and also
pose a danger to kennel staff when animals need to be placed in or removed from the cage
FLOORING:
-Appropriate flooring materials are vital to maintaining a clean facility in which
microorganisms and odors are minimized. Poured floors with a minimum of seams are
best.
-Ceramic tile is not a good choice for kennel or housing areas because grout is
permeable and therefore impossible to clean adequately.
-Sheet vinyl (for kennels) - durable, easy to maintain
-exposed concrete (for corridors and utility areas)
LIGHTING:
-Lighting fixtures in kennels should be placed over dog runs rather than down the
middle of the aisle separating facing runs.
-This makes it easier for visitors and staff to view the animals.
-Positioning the fixtures in this way should allow sufficient light to spill over to the
walkways so that no safety hazard is created for the public or staff.
PLUMBING:
-The drainage system must be designed so that waste from one kennel never
contaminates another. Drain openings should be at least 4" in diameter.
-Lead-away pipes should be at least 6" in diameter. Drain covers should be of stainless
steel or other non-corrosive and easily cleanable material.
-These should be easily removable for cleaning but otherwise kept in place to prevent
puppies, other small animals, the public, or staff from falling or slipping into them.
MATERIAL:
The perfect surface would have these characteristics:
ABOUT:
The blue cross is an animal welfare charity that was established in 1959 by Captain. V.
Sundaram. It comprises of animal shelter and clinical facilities for animals. The
organization now houses thousands of animals today. Apart from shelter and hospital,
blue cross also has various programmes like therapy centre, adoption cel etc.
CASE STUDY – CHARLIE’S ANIMAL RESCUE CENTRE, BANGALORE:
ABOUT:
Charlies Animal Rescue Centre – CARE is an animal shelter established in January 2013, with the aim of
providing timely medical aid to injured and ill animals of the street in Bangalore city.
CARE is also home to many dogs,cats, rabbits,ducks, hens, pigs, guinea pigs, birds and terrapins.
The inspiration behind the trust, is 15 year old Charlie, a differently abled, 3 legged Indian Dog who
was an established figure in the field of canine therapy since 2005.
CASE STUDY – RESQ CHARITABLE TREUST, BANGALORE:
ABOUT:
ARCHITECTS: Studio osmosis architects, Mumbai
SITE ZONING:
CASE STUDY – PALM SPRINGS ANIMAL SHELTER, USA:
ABOUT:
ARCHITECT: Swatt | miers architects
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS: Randy purnel landscape architects
The Palm Springs Animal Care Facility represents a unique public/private partnership
between the City and Friends of the Shelter. Located on a 3 acre site across from the
City’s Demuth Park, the exterior design reflects Palm Springs’ unique mid-century
architectural heritage.
CASE STUDY – MADRAS VETERINARY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, CHENNAI:
ABOUT:
The Madras veterinary college hospital is one of the oldest hospitals in the country.
The main admin block was built on the Indo saracenic architecture. The hospital
treats smal ruminants, large ruminants and companion animals and possess
excellent diagnostic and surgical facilities. It has both in patient and out patient
departments with various facilities provided for animals.
CASE STUDY – CESSNA LIFELINE HOSPITAL, BANGALORE:
ABOUT:
The Cessna lifeline hospital in Bangalore is a multi speciality hospital with expertise in various kind
of animals. The well lit space makes the animal comfortable. The hospital is also we
l known for its therapy spaces, spa and grooming centre for animals.
ZONING OF SPACES:
CASE STUDY – CUPA VETERINARY HOSPITAL, BANGALORE:
ABOUT:
CUPA (Compassion Unlimited Plus Action) ia a non-profit and a non-government
organization which was first of its kind in Bangalore.
It offers various facilities that adresses the critical aspects of animal welfare.
The CUPA veterinary hospital also runs 6 more centres in bangalore accomodating
thousands of animals.
ZONING OF SPACES:
CONCEPT: The main concept behind the structure was to make the animal feel
like a home. The traditional method of construction was adapted.
The structure, after been burned down in 2012 was again reconstructed by reusing
the materials on a larger scale
SUPPORTIVE STUDY – DOG MUSEUM:
CONCEPT:
The main concept of the dog museum of the
museum is to combine contemporary architecture
with an experiential space
for the users.
The world’s first canine museum brings to the users,
the knowledge and experience about dogs with
atractive elements.
SUPPORTIVE STUDY – DOG MUSEUM:
SUPPORTIVE STUDY – KUCHING’SCAT MUSEUM:
ABOUT:
The World’s first Cat Museum, devoted to all things feline, is in Petra Jaya in the Kuching City
North City Hall. Cat lovers will find a range of exhibits, photos, feline art and cat souvenirs;
over 4,000 of them. The museum is housed on the ground on the City Hall building, spread
over four galleries covering a total area of 1,035 sq meter.
SITE PLAN:
SITE ANALYSIS:
SITE ANALYSIS:
SITE ANALYSIS:
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
• HSUS guidelines for shelter
• Handbook on animal assisted therapy by Aubrey H. Fine
• Animal assisted therapy and equine assisted therapy/learning in
Canada: Surveying the state of field, its practitioners and practices by
Sarah Marie Schlote
• Interaction and emotional connection with pets: A descriptive analysis
from Puerto Rico
• Animal behaviour for shelter veterinarians and staff by Wiley Blackwell
• Animal problems / People skills: Emotional and interactional strategies
in humane education by Leslie Irvine
• Towards rehabilitation smart habitats: Designing for north American
opossum joeys by K. Cassie Kresnye
• Behavioural predictors of subsequent respiratory illness signs in dogs
admitted to an animal shelter
• VCI standards
RESOURCE PERSONS:
• Dr. Shanthi, Veterinarian, Saidapet veterinary hospital
• Dr. Anjana Thampy, Animal assisted therapist, Chennai
• Mr. Velu, Special recues manager, Blue cross of India, Chennai
• Mr. Sampath, Lighting consultant, Popular foundations pvt ltd,
Chennai
• Dr. Kalaiselvi, Acoustical consultant, Chennai
• Mr. Arul murugan, MEP consultant, Kausitech, Chennai