Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 33 views

    Parasitic Infections

    Uploaded by

    Janine Atesora
    The document discusses several parasitic infections including: 1) African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, which is transmitted through tsetse fly bites and causes symptoms from lethargy to coma if untreated. 2) American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease, transmitted through reduviid bug bites and causes heart, digestive or neurological problems in the chronic phase. 3) Leishmaniasis, spread by sand fly bites and can infect the skin, mouth or nasal mucosa in different forms depending on the parasite's lifecycle stage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Parasitic Infections

    Uploaded by

    Janine Atesora
    33 views55 pages
    The document discusses several parasitic infections including: 1) African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, which is transmitted through tsetse fly bites and causes symptoms from lethargy to coma if untreated. 2) American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease, transmitted through reduviid bug bites and causes heart, digestive or neurological problems in the chronic phase. 3) Leishmaniasis, spread by sand fly bites and can infect the skin, mouth or nasal mucosa in different forms depending on the parasite's lifecycle stage.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses several parasitic infections including: 1) African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, which is transmitted through tsetse fly bites and causes symptoms from lethargy to coma if untreated. 2) American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease, transmitted through reduviid bug bites and causes heart, digestive or neurological problems in the chronic phase. 3) Leishmaniasis, spread by sand fly bites and can infect the skin, mouth or nasal mucosa in different forms depending on the parasite's lifecycle stage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views55 pages

    Parasitic Infections

    Uploaded by

    Janine Atesora
    The document discusses several parasitic infections including: 1) African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, which is transmitted through tsetse fly bites and causes symptoms from lethargy to coma if untreated. 2) American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease, transmitted through reduviid bug bites and causes heart, digestive or neurological problems in the chronic phase. 3) Leishmaniasis, spread by sand fly bites and can infect the skin, mouth or nasal mucosa in different forms depending on the parasite's lifecycle stage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 55

    PARASITIC INFECTIONS

    Asst. Prof. Noriel P. Calaguas


    CORE VALUES

     COMMUNITY
     SOCIETAL RESPONSIBILITY
     EXCELLENCE
    PARASITIC INFECTIONS

    African American
    Leishmaniasis Toxoplasmosis
    Trypanosomiasis Trypanosomiasis

    Primary Amoebic Acanthamoeba


    Others
    Meningoencephalitis Keratitis
    AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

      African Sleeping Sickness


      EA :
      Trypanosoma gambiense
      Trypanosoma brucei Bite from
    a Tsetse
    fly Mode of
    Transmission
    AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

    Early stages
    • infects the blood
    • bite causes a painful lesion or chancre

    Late stages
    • infects the CSF
    • causes lethargy
    • eyelids droop, the individual falls asleep while eating or even standing
    • further causes coma, and death is usually inevitable
    AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

      Chaga’s disease
    Contact of
      EA : Trypanosoma cruzi Reduviid bug
    feces to
    conjunctiva or
    breaks of skin
    Bite from a
    Reduviid bug
    Mode of
    Transmission
    • Assassin bug
    • Kissing bug
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

    Acute / Early stage


    • Hepatosplenomegaly
    • Reddish area or furuncle at site of bite (Chagoma)
    • Unilateral painless orbital edema (Romana's sign)
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

    Chronic / Late stage


    • Cardiomyopathy (most common)
    • Megaesophagus
    • Megacolon
    • Meningoencephalitis; Dementia
    • Death
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
    LEISHMANIASIS

      EA : Leishmania sp.
      Leishmania are flagellated protozoa

      RES :
    Bite of a
      Humans Female Sand
    Fly
      Dogs containing
    Promastigote
    Mode of
    Transmission
    LEISHMANIASIS

    can infect the:


    • skin
    • buccal mucosa
    • nasal mucosa à then to the internal organs

    two forms of Leishmania sp.:


    • Promastigote
    • Amastigote
    LEISHMANIASIS

    PROMASTIGOTE
    • extracellular form
    • motile
    • found at the saliva of the sand fly

    AMASTIGOTE
    • intracellular form
    • non motile
    • invades and proliferates inside host’s macrophages
    LEISHMANIASIS
    LEISHMANIASIS
    LEISHMANIASIS
    LEISHMANIASIS
    LEISHMANIASIS
    LEISHMANIASIS
    LEISHMANIASIS
    LEISHMANIASIS
    LEISHMANIASIS
    LEISHMANIASIS
    TOXOPLASMOSIS

      EA : Toxoplasma gondii
      HOST: Blood
      Humans trans-
    fusion
      Cats (definitive host) Fecal-
    oral

    Mode of
    Transmission
    • Accidental ingestion
    of cat feces infected
    with oocyst during:
    • gardening Trans-
    • cleaning cat’s placental
    litter box
    • Eating raw or
    undercooked meat
    contaminated with
    cat feces
    TOXOPLASMOSIS

    Immunocompetent
    • no/mild symptoms

    Immunosuppressed (most especially with AIDS),


    • causes damage mainly to the brain and other parts of the body
    TOXOPLASMOSIS

    If acquired during pregnancy (esp. during the 1st trimester), it


    can lead to CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS OF THE FETUS
    • often leads to stillbirth (66%)
    • if alive, the infant will present the classic triad of:
    • Hydrocephalus
    • Intracranial calcifications
    • resulting to severe brain damage
    • Chorioretinits
    • resulting to severe eye/vision problems
    TOXOPLASMOSIS

    Preventive measures:
    • Wear gloves when you garden or do anything outdoors that
    involves handling soil.
    • Wash your hands well with soap and water:
    • after outdoor activities
    • before you eat or prepare any food
    • after handling raw meat
    • Avoid eating uncooked eggs and unpasteurized milk
    TOXOPLASMOSIS

    Preventive measures:
    • When preparing raw meat, wash any cutting boards, sinks,
    knives, and other utensils that might have touched the
    raw meat thoroughly
    • Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly
    • Cook all meat thoroughly
    • Avoid exposure to cats if pregnant
    TOXOPLASMOSIS
    TOXOPLASMOSIS
    TOXOPLASMOSIS
    PRIMARY AMOEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS
    (PAM)
      NAEGLERIA
    MENINGOENCEPHALITIS
    Contact to
      EA : Naegleria fowleri nasal mucosa
    from
      Initially invades the nasal mucosa contaminate
    d ponds and
    then travels to the brain lakes Mode of
      Fatality rate is nearly 100% Transmission
    PRIMARY AMOEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS
    (PAM)
    ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS

      AMOEBIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
      EA : Acanthamoeba sp.

    Contact of
    conjunctiva
    with infected Mode of
    water thru: Transmission

    • Contact lenses
    • using home-made
    non-sterile
    cleaning solutions
    • Spas and hot tubs
    ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS

    causes mild inflammation at first then leads to severe eye damage and pain
    due to extensive conjunctival damage

    corneal transplant or even removal of eye is often required


    ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
    ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
    ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
    ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
    OTHER DISEASES

    GIARDIASIS • Giardia lamblia

    CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS • Cryptosporidium parvum

    CYCLOSPORIASIS • Cyclosporidium cayatenensis

    BALANTIDITIS • Balantidium coli


    OTHER DISEASES

    Fecal-oral
    route /
    Ingestion of
    contaminated
    water Mode of
    Transmission

      All can cause abdominal cramps, nausea, and especially diarrhea


    GIARDIASIS
    GIARDIASIS

    You might also like