Specification of Use Cases For Information Management Practices in Healthcare: Patient Registration Use Case
Specification of Use Cases For Information Management Practices in Healthcare: Patient Registration Use Case
Specification of Use Cases For Information Management Practices in Healthcare: Patient Registration Use Case
Table of Contents
Synopsis.......................................................................................................................................................5
Overview.................................................................................................................................................5
Target Audience......................................................................................................................................5
Scope.......................................................................................................................................................6
Development Process..............................................................................................................................6
References...............................................................................................................................................7
Use Case Specification Format................................................................................................................7
Patient Registration Use Case......................................................................................................................9
Overview.................................................................................................................................................9
Problem Description..............................................................................................................................11
Solutions: Use Case Scenarios...............................................................................................................12
Scope.....................................................................................................................................................12
Actors (Business and Technical).............................................................................................................13
Use Case Description.............................................................................................................................14
UML Workflow and Dataflow Diagram..................................................................................................14
Data Specifications for Information Items.............................................................................................14
Patient Registration Information.......................................................................................................14
Insurance Information.......................................................................................................................14
Payment Information.........................................................................................................................14
Chief Complaint, Reason for Visit, ABN.............................................................................................14
Consent for Visit................................................................................................................................14
Consent for Information Sharing.......................................................................................................14
Wristband (patient ID bracelet with barcodes).................................................................................14
Notification of Record Availability.....................................................................................................14
Acknowledgement of Receipt............................................................................................................14
Audit Record......................................................................................................................................14
3
Name Affiliation
Harry Rhodes Director, National Standards
Diana Warner Director, HIM Practice Excellence
5
Synopsis
Overview
This document specifies the AHIMA Use Case for Patient Registration in Healthcare Organizations
(Patient Registration Use Case, Use Case). The Use Case is developed as a continuation of the AHIMA
efforts for specifying health information management (HIM) practices to guide the development of
health information technology (HIT) standards for information sharing in healthcare. The AHIMA effort
of standardization of information management in healthcare started in 2015 as described in the White
Paper entitled HIT Standards for HIM Practices.1 The White Paper was developed by AHIMA in
collaboration with the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) - a collaborative of HIT vendors and
professional associations aimed to developed interoperability standards.
The AHIMA Patient Registration Use Case is one of the series AHIMA use cases developed to guide
standardization of both HIM practices and HIT products in healthcare. Table 1 presents the list of the
current and future AHIMA Use Cases. Please note that 2015-2016 lists do not reflect all possible HIM
practice use cases. The use cases listed in Table 1 were selected as examples by the AHIMA Standards
Task Force. The Task Force has been working on identifying a comprehensive list of HIM practice use
cases in the context of clinical care workflow depicted on Figure 1. In addition, the Task Force has been
also working on developing the methodology to prioritize the use cases for the development of HIT
standards supporting HIM practices.
Specifications of Use Cases is a part of the collaborative informatics-based approach for translating HIM
practices into HIT standards that was deployed in the 2015 AHIMA-IHE White Paper.
Target Audience
This specification is targeted to
1. Organizations (e.g. healthcare organizations, public health agencies, payers/insurance
companies, academia) involved in origination, management, and use of healthcare data
2. Health professionals that originate, manage, and use healthcare data
3. Implementers - organization’s staff involved in implementation of HIT Systems
4. HIT vendors and consultants involved in the design, development and implementation of HIT
systems
5. Health information exchange (HIE) entities that collect, manage, and exchange data
1
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE). Information Technology Infrastructure (ITI) Technical Framework (TF) Supplement.
Health IT Standards for HIM Practices. White Paper. 2015. URL: http://qrs.ly/lb4vec0
6
b
Figure 1. Clinical Workflow - Episode of Care (EOC) Functions and Records:
a-high level view; b-detailed view of the record life cycle with examples of EOC Components 2
Scope
This AHIMA Use Case specification standards cover all health information (clinical, financial and
operational), on all media and formats, created by a healthcare organization in its enterprise
information management system. This includes legal health records and information contributed by
patients.
2
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE). Information Technology Infrastructure (ITI) Technical Framework (TF) Supplement.
Health IT Standards for HIM Practices. White Paper. 2015. URL: http://qrs.ly/lb4vec0
7
Development Process
The Patient Registration Use Case has been developed based on the functional requirement analysis 3 as
well as literature review of the best HIM practices related to documentation management.
Use Cases were presented in the tabular format 4 and accompanied by the Unified Modeling Language
(UML) sequence diagram.5
Please note that we used two terms for the actors in the Use Cases:
Business actors (people: HIM professionals, clinicians, patients, and other) and
Technical actors (information systems: EHR, PHR, mHealth, and other).
This separation between business and technical actors is important to align the roles of HIM
professionals (business actors) specified in the Use Cases with the information system functions (collect,
manage, integrate, analyze data and generate reports) performed by technical actors. Specification of
activities performed by the business actors (HIM professionals) and technical actors (information
systems) in the same use case allows aligning the business needs with the applicable technical actors
from the IHE interoperability standards, e.g., Content Creator (information systems that acts as
information creator and sender) and Content Consumer (information systems that acts as information
receiver) and others.
The AHIMA Use Case serves as a foundation for the IHE Patient Registration Content Profile (to be
developed in the IHE 2017 development cycle).
References
References to the HIM and other materials used in the specification are presented in the footnotes.
They include examples of HIM practice documentation (operational procedures) and samples of
respective documents/records/data types from healthcare organizations, published sources, and other.
3
Bruegge B. and Dutoit AH. Object-Oriented Software Engineering. Pearson Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 3rd Edition.
pp.121-170.
4
Bruegge B. and Dutoit AH. Object-Oriented Software Engineering. Pearson Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 3rd Edition.
p.50.
5
Ibid. p.30-74.
8
Registration department (or Patient Access or Admitting departments, or Call Centers, or Online
Scheduling Services) is responsible for management of patient registration activities. In some situations
for an unknown patient [e.g., trauma unknown patient, unconscious patient, patient with acute
condition (stroke, heart attack), child who was brought up to the emergency department without a
representative], patient registration can be conducted by other authorized staff, e.g., clinicians. During
the patient registration, insurance verification and pre-authorization may take place. In this case,
insurance verifier is involved in verifying payment information as a part of the patient registration
process. Please see Business Actor list below.
The patient or patient’s representative (guardian) provides registration information to the registration staff
verbally, via facility registration portal/kiosk, or phone interview. Data collected during the registration
process include those provided by the patient or patient’s representative (guardian) as well as
received/uploaded from the various data sources, e.g., Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems, payor
systems, Health Information Exchanges (HIE) and other (please see Technical Actor list below).
Information collected at the registration initiates the creation of a new episode of care record. This
information will be further used at the next functions of the episode of care (triage/assessment, testing,
treatment, medication management and discharge/transfer). Figure 2 presents Patient Registration Use
Case in the overall context of Episode of Care’s functions and record components generated at a specific
function in the process of care. 6
6
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE). Information Technology Infrastructure (ITI) Technical Framework (TF) Supplement.
Health IT Standards for HIM Practices. White Paper. 2015. URL: http://qrs.ly/lb4vec0
10
This information is to be input into the Registration–Admission, Discharge, and Transfer (R-ADT) System
as well as other health information systems (HIS) as appropriate (please see Technical Actor list below).
Use Case description below shows how specific information from the list above is generated by the
workflow step. Detail list of data elements by information category is provided in Data Specification
section below.
Fi
gure 2. Patient Registration in the Episode of Care
Specific actions conducted by the registration and insurance verification staff include:
1. Activation or the Episode of Care (EOC) record
2. Demographic information collection, verification and correction as needed
3. Data capture (input) and information retrieval (access) from various sources
4. Information reconciliation, validation and verification including patient identity matching
(master patient index (MPI) management, census reconciliation)
5. Concurrent analysis, queries and responses to ensure record correctness and completeness
including final scrubbing, editing, cleansing, and adjustments
6. Preparation for the coding and abstracting
7. Preparation for record archival
8. Establishing of the audit trail record for the episode of care
9. Electronic signing/authentication of registration record and
10. Release (or transfer) of information (output) to the next function of the episode of care, e.g.
triage/assessment
11
Problem Description
Problems with Patient Registration can be classified into two categories: 1- Record/Data Quality and 2-
Information Access as described below.
Record/Data Quality
1. Insufficient information accuracy to support other functions in the episode of care
a. Inaccurate patient ID information
b. Error in data entered7
c. Redundant information, which causes the inability to determine current information, i.e. “field of
noise”8 (see “redundant information” also below).
2. Lack of clinical documentation, e.g.
a. Missing medical records from the previous encounters
b. Refusal to sign consent
c. Inability to obtain advanced beneficiary notice (ABN)
d. Inability to obtain prior authorization from payer
e. Missing orders for encounter/procedure/test/treatment
f. Missing adequate content in the physician’s order (e.g., admitting diagnosis, reason for visit
on the orders)
3. Lack of provider identification or contact information
a. Patient does not remember his provider
b. Patient does not have contact information for his provider
Information Access
4. Inability to get information about the unknown patient (e.g., trauma unknown patient, unconscious
patient, patient with acute condition (stroke, heart attack), child who was brought up to the
emergency department without a representative)
5. Lack of information access from various sources to support patient registration
6. Redundant information may restrict efficient access to critically need clinical information
7
ECRI. Recommendations for Health IT Patient Safety. Webinar: July 19th Quarterly Conference Call of the Partnership for
Health IT Patient Safety 2016.
8
Kuhn T, Basch P, Barr M, etal. Clinical Documentation in the 21 st Century. An Executive Summary of a Position Paper from The
American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2015. 162(4): 301-314. URL:
http://annals.org/aim/article/2089368/clinical-documentation-21st-century-executive-summary-policy-position-paper-from
12
Scope
In 2016, we will focus on the following Patient registration scenarios:
These two scenarios were selected from the 17 Patient Registration scenarios above because of the
following reasons:
Scenario 1 represents the generic example of patient registration/checking-in across various settings.
Scenario 2 describes the life-threatening situation that often occurs in the ED.
Use cases for the remaining 15 scenarios will be developed in the future.
13
9
AHIMA, Pocket Glossary of Health Information Management and Technology. Chicago, IL. 2014, p. 127.
10
Ibid, p. 29.
11
Ibid, p. 127.
12
Ibid, p. 53.
13
Grzybowski D. Strategies for electronic document and health record management. AHIMA. Chicago, IL. 2014. pp. 31,40,47,159.
14
EHR. This may be done automatically when the staff including notification to Care Team
completes the record (all data are entered and verified) Acknowledgement of Receipt
and closes the registration record for this patient. Staff
sends patient to clinician for assessment. Clinician opens
patient record to begin assessment and sends the
acknowledgement of receipt.
11 Registration information is uploaded into EHR. EHR Updated Patient Registration Record
sends Notification of Record Availability to clinician. Notification of Record Availability
12 EHR sends back to the R-ADT the Acknowledgement of Acknowledgement of Receipt
Receipt.
13 Audit trail for the personnel and systems involved in Audit Record: Who, When, Why, What
patient registration is completed in HIS
Entry Condition R-ADT System
Exit Condition HIS with record for assessment function and with audit trail record
Quality Real time patient information verification
Requirements
Figure 2: UML Sequence Diagram: Use Case A1 - Registration of Walk-in/Patient Presentation in ED.
Numbers 1-13 indicate the workflow steps. Update to add new steps and actor (clinician.)
17
Please note that during patient registration, clinical information may be collected, however this information is out
of scope for the Patient Registration Use Case.
Tables below provide list of data elements by information item for the Patient Registration Record. Each
data element contains the description of its attributes: sequence (SEQ, based on Health level Seven
(HL7) version 2.x (v2.x) sequence), data element name, optionality (OPT), format, length of the field
(Len, based on HL7v2.x length), HL7 data types and IHE data element names.
14
Health Level Seven (HL7). Conformance Implementation Manual. 2.B.7.2 Usage in v2.x Standard. 2006. URL:
http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Conformance_Implementation_Manual . Please note that HL7 optionality codes include R, C
and O. In some cases, when in the HL7 standard the data field was listed as optional or otherwise not required , IHE further
constrains the HL7 optionality as follows:
R - sending application shall provide a valid value for all “R” fields. The value shall be of the specified type and within the range
specified for the field; R2 - an IHE extension - if the sending application has data for the field, it is required to populate the
field. If the value is not known, the field may not be sent; R+ - an IHE extension - in the context of a specific transaction, IHE
requires that this field be present and populated with data.” (IHE Terminology. URL:) IHE uses R+ to help call out to the
reader that the baseline standard does not require this attribute, but the IHE transaction does make this mandatory.
18
15
Integrating Healthcare Enterprise (IHE). Information Technology Infrastructure (ITI) Committee. Technical Framework (TF).
Patient Identity Segment. Volume 2a. p.40-42. URL: http://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/ITI/IHE_ITI_TF_Vol2a.pdf
16
NOTE: Episode of care may have multiple visits to different departments, or series of visits under an account number. Some
systems call this an encounter number; CSN – Contact Serial Number – in EPIC
17
NOTE: Encounter Number is an individual visit number with unique start and end time under a series of visits in the episode
of care.
18
HL7 SEQ Number 4 represents Alternate Patient ID. It is retained for back compatibility with HL7v2.3 where this code was
used. It is not used in the newer versions of HL7 standards where Alternate Patient ID is a part of Forms of Patient Identification
(SEQ 3).
19
This data element is available in the Hl7 SEQ Number 19 in the HL7v2.x PID segment.
20
This data element is available in the HL7 SEQ Number 20 in the HL7v2.x PID segment.
19
SEQ Data Element Opt Format Len HL7 IHE Data Element
Data Name
Type
Name, Middle C Text 30 ST Second and Further
Given Names or
Initials Thereof
6 Mother’s Maiden Name O Text 250 XPN Mother’s Maiden
Name
7 Date of Birth R 26 TS Date/Time of Birth
Time of Birth (e.g., newborn) C 5 DTM Date/Time
8 Administrative Gender R 1 IS Administrative Sex21
(F/M/U)22,23
9 Patient Alias 250 XPN Patient Alias
Alias, Last O Text 194 FN Family Name
Alias, First O Text 30 ST Given Name
Alias, Middle O Text 30 ST Second and Further
Given Names or
Initials Thereof
10 Race24 R Text 250 CE Race
11 Primary Address R 250 XAD Patient Address
Building Number R Alphanumeric 12 SAD Dwelling Number
Line 1 (Street Name) R Alphanumeric 184 SAD Street Address
Line 2 (Apt. No or Unit No) O Alphanumeric 120 ST Street Address
City R Text 50 ST City
County25 R Text 20 IS County
State/Province R Text 50 ST State or Province
Zip Code R Alphanumeric 12 ST Zip or Postal Code
Country Name R Text 3 ID Country
13 Phone Number Home 250 XTN
Phone Number – Home R Numeric 199 ST Telephone Number
Phone Number – Cell C Numeric 199 ST Telephone Number
Email Address – Business O Alphanumeric 199 ST Email Address
14 Phone Number Business 250 XTN
Phone Number – Business R Numeric 199 ST Telephone Number
Phone Number – Fax C Numeric 199 ST Telephone Number
Email Address – Business O Alphanumeric 199 ST Email Address
11 Alternate Address O 250 XAD Patient Address
21
Trans-gender is not recognized at this time in IHE.
22
HL7 v3: Female/Male/Undifferentiated (F/M/U) format. This format is also used by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC). Public Health Information Network (PHIN) Vocabulary Access and Distribution System (VADS). PHIN-VADS
Administrative Gender. URL: https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewValueSet.action?id=8DE75E17-176B-DE11-9B52-
0015173D1785
23
In Meaningful Use: Female/Male/Unknown (F/M/UNK). Common Clinical Data Set (CCDS) for Meaning Use. Birth Sex Codes.
URL: https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/2015Ed_CCG_a5-Demographics.pdf.
24
FIND REFERENCE - Race Table in US Census (X options) and /or CDC (3000 options)
25
HL7 SEQ Number 12 represents County Code. It is retained for back compatibility with HL7 v2.3 where this code was used. It
is not used in newer versions of HL7 where county is a part of address (SEQ 11).
20
SEQ Data Element Opt Format Len HL7 IHE Data Element
Data Name
Type
Building Number R Alphanumeric 12 SAD Dwelling Number
Line 1 (Street Name) R Alphanumeric 184 SAD Street Address
Line 2 (Apt. No or Unit No) O Alphanumeric 120 ST Street Address
City R Text 50 ST City
County R Text 20 IS County
State/Province R Text 50 ST State or Province
Zip Code R Alphanumeric 12 ST Zip or Postal Code
Country Name R Text 3 ID Country
13 Phone Number Home 250 XTN
Phone Number – Home R Numeric 199 ST Telephone Number
Phone Number – Cell C Numeric 199 ST Telephone Number
Email Address – Home O Alphanumeric 199 ST Email Address
14 Phone Number Business 250 XTN
Phone Number – Business R Numeric 199 ST Telephone Number
Phone Number – Fax C Numeric 199 ST Telephone Number
Email Address – Business O Alphanumeric 199 ST Email Address
15 Primary(Preferred) Language R Text 250 CE Primary Language
16 Marital Status O Text 250 CE Marital Status
17 Religion O Text 250 CE Religion
21 Mother’s Identifier C Alphanumeric 250 CX Mother’s Identifier
22 Ethnic Group26 R Text 250 CE Ethnic Group
23 Place of Birth O 250 ST Birth Place
11 City O Text 50 ST City
11 State/Province O Text 50 ST State
11 Country O Text 3 ST Country
24 Multiple Birth Indicator C Numeric 1 ID Multiple Birth
Indicator
25 Birth Order C Numeric 2 NM Birth Order
Other Information
26 Citizenship O Country 250 CE Citizenship
27 Veterans Military Status O Text 250 CE Veterans Military
Status
Occupational Information27
Employment Status O Text 250 CE Insured's
Employment Status
Employer O Text 250 XAD Insured’s Employer
Address
Occupation O Text 250
Industry O Text 250
26
Race Table in US Census (X options) and /or CDC (3000 options)
27
Occupational Information is not collected in HL7 PID. It is collected in insurance section HL7 IN1. AHIMA NEEDS TO DECIDE –
where to have Occupational Information ( in Pt Registration Information or Insurance information)
21
22
stated wishes or preferences; (b) the Patient’s personal values, religious preference, beliefs about life and death, dignity, etc; or
(c) the Patient’s best Interests.
24
Insurance Information
Payment Information
Acknowledgement of Receipt
Get from IHE NAV Profile
Audit Record
WHO, WHEN, WHY, WHAT
Get from S&I Data Provenance or HL7
1. Patient’s Full Name
2. Medical Record Number
3. Date of birth
4. Address
5. Date(s) of Service Accessed
6. Information Accessed
7. Name of person accessing record
8. Date Record Accessed
9. Access Purpose (treatment, payment, operations [TPO])