MIS 107 Report Group 9
MIS 107 Report Group 9
MIS 107 Report Group 9
1620769030
1912320630
1912635030
Abdullah Al Jabid 2111416630
Farhan Israk Shoumik 2031301630
Saad Bin Rahman 2031172630
Submitted to
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Contents
Introduction: ............................................................................................................................ 4
Methodology:......................................................................................................................... 10
Result ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Result: .................................................................................................................................... 22
Discussion .............................................................................................................................. 22
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 27
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Abstract/Executive Summary
The outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic has posed enormous public health difficulties, prompting
a global scramble to produce and deliver one or more effective vaccinations. The difficulty of
vaccine creation is matched by the difficulty of vaccine distribution; once a vaccine has been
identified and made, it must be supplied and distributed to the entire population. Bangladesh has
been undertaking a limited-scale countrywide vaccination program since February this year,
vaccinations have been provided to almost 10 million people in Bangladesh, covering nearly 2.6
percent of the population. Due to a scarcity of vaccines, Bangladesh's government was only able
to vaccinate a tiny number of individuals. Bangladesh is optimistic that it would be able to develop
vaccines as a result of its collaboration with the International Vaccine Institute (IVI). Bangladesh
could produce the vaccine locally with the help of IVI. Incepts Vaccine Ltd.’s mission is to develop
cutting-edge vaccine manufacturing approaches through the acquisition of superior knowledge and
technology. When private sector firms demonstrate and request that the government procure or
manufacture Covid-19 vaccines, many questions arise, including whether the firms are capable of
vaccine production, whether building vaccine production institutions is necessary, and whether the
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Introduction:
Vaccine is something that provides acquired immunity for a certain or particular disease or virus.
It strengthens the body’s immune system and gives the patient a strong immune system. Some
vaccines can prevent the virus completely while some vaccines might be effective partially. In
Bangladesh, Incepta Vaccine Ltd is the first vaccine manufacturing company. It is the first
company that acknowledged the technique of producing vaccines. Bangladesh is hopeful that it
will create vaccines by collaborative efforts with International Vaccine Institute (IVI). It will open
doors for effective and cost efficient vaccine production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is now faced
with the deadly virus, Corona virus. It has many forms and it keeps getting deadlier than the
previous variation. But with the help of IVI, Bangladesh may be able to produce the vaccine
locally. It will be possible through bringing new technologies. The government of Bangladesh
could only vaccinate a small number of people due to the shortage of vaccines. Capacity building
is mandatory for Bangladesh as a huge number of people are still not vaccinated.The death rate is
Motivation:
As Bangladesh is a poor country, the government can’t produce enough vaccines for everyone.
Aim and objectives: Our main goal is to write a report on how we can build capacity for more
IVI has been supporting Bangladesh for over a decade. The goal of this organization is to deliver
vaccines to the most vulnerable people of this world. Although many private pharmaceutical
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companies are also trying to help, it relies mainly on the hand of the government to produce and
deliver the vaccine in a mass scale ensuring quality, affordability and accessibility. Many local
companies have shown interest in manufacturing Russian vaccine, Sputnik V. The companies can
manufacture the Chinese and Russian vaccines but it will be hard for them to fulfil everyone’s
needs. So, the government should seriously evaluate their capacity to actually manufacture
vaccines in such a massive scale. The government needs to take steps to build capacity for vaccine
production because the companies are private companies and they will want to make money selling
these vaccines. The country can’t rely only on the private sectors for vaccine production.
The report will first talk about related works, secondly it will mention about the methods that
should be used. Then we will talk about the result and then conclusion. These sections will come
after the introduction part and this is how our report will be arranged in an order.
Literature Review
Through the many different types of viruses, we have faced, the Covid-19 is one of the worst
humanities has ever seen. In order to gain immunity against these viruses’ humans have created
vaccines, which aids us to boost our immune system, prevent serious diseases, and prevent life-
threatening diseases.
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Capacity-building is defined as a measurable improvement in an organization's ability to fulfil its
tenet. However, in the non-profit sector, where the emphasis is often on projects rather than
You run the risk of devoting all of your energy and attention to providing services and expanding
projects if you don't invest in capacity-building. This lack of a solid foundation may result in
organizational instability, which may manifest as old and deteriorating equipment, poor
communication between leadership and staff, and "mission drift", a loss of focus on the founding
principles of your non-profit. Therefore, capacity building is a specific effort to strengthen the
organizational infrastructure, management and governance, and staff capacity. Countries all over
the world have started to gain capacity building for domestic vaccine production(Mission Box,
2021).
And so, Bangladesh has started to build its own capacity for domestic vaccine production. The
first human vaccine manufacturing company in Bangladesh is Incepta Vaccine Ltd. The vaccine
production unit is located at Zirbo, Saver which is conveniently located at the outskirts of Dhaka
city. The objective of Incepta Vaccine Ltd is to produce modern concepts in manufacturing
vaccines by acquiring advanced knowledge and technique. The prime objective of the company is
to protect the vast inhabitant of Bangladesh as well as the developing world from various infectious
diseases at an affordable cost. Also, the vision is to develop novel vaccines against diseases of the
developing world.
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Incepta Vaccine Ltd is a state-of-art facility that fully meets the requirements of the WHO GMP.
The manufacturing facility has the capability to produce 180 million single dose vials and
ampoules per year. The large number of scientists are engaged in different areas of specialties like
research and development, quality control, quality assurance, production and other related areas.
Bangladesh is hopeful of domestic vaccine production with the help of IVI (International Vaccine
Institute). The Health and Family Welfare Minister Zahid Maleque has praised the collaborative
efforts between Bangladesh and the International Vaccine Institute in improving disease
surveillance in the country. Furthermore, through this amazing collaboration the minister hoped
Bangladesh would be able to control virus-borne communicable disease, and manufacture vaccine
He also emphasized IVI's 20-year collaboration with the Bangladesh government "to advance and
make available safe, effective, and affordable vaccines where they are most needed. He expressed
hope that Bangladesh's membership in the IVI would lead to continued collaborations in clinical
development, epidemiological studies, and technology transfer to advance vaccine solutions for
Moreover, due to the collaboration between Bangladesh and IVI, Dr. Thameed Ahmed of icddr
(International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh) highlighted that due to this
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collaboration IVI and pharmaceutical industries of Bangladesh are developing different kinds of
And finally, State Minister for Foreign Affairs Md Shahriar Alam offered thanks to the IVI for
supporting and working with the increasing cycle of Bangladesh and for giving help to the country
through vaccine research and development, vaccine technology transfer, research and capacity-
The government of Bangladesh has requested AstraZeneca to authorize production of its Covid-
19 vaccine in Bangladesh. A letter was sent to AstraZeneca on 12th of august, asking permission
to produce the vaccine locally and requesting their technology as we have that capacity. The
objective of the government was to either get the seed or vaccine in bulk from AstraZeneca to
manufacture or bottle the low cost and widely used vaccine. Virus seed and host cell banks are raw
When Bangladesh was asked whether they had the capability of producing a vaccine, the health
minister responded by saying there are a few pharmaceutical companies capable of it. Some plants
of those companies have already been visited and have found them capable of manufacturing
vaccines. Unlike the Biotech-Pfizer and Modern vaccines, the AstraZeneca vaccine does not have
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"Bangladesh has the capacity to produce vaccines from seed. What we need is the transfer of
appropriate technology as most of the vaccines developed against Covid-19 have applied relatively
newer techniques. However, combining the seed with adjuvants, stabilisers and preservatives to
form the final vaccine preparation might not be difficult for our vaccine manufacturers if they get
pharmacology department at BSMMU(Molla, 2021).Although the local private sector firms have
shown interest in either procuring or manufacturing Covid-19 vaccines, many local official health
experts have argued that it is the government's responsibility to ensure the quality, affordability
and accessibility not the private sector. They also voiced doubts about the capabilities of the three
firms that have proposed to manufacture Russia's Sputnik V vaccine in Bangladesh. There are
many questions arising when private sector firms have shown and requested the government in
either procuring or manufacturing Covid-19 vaccines and these questions arise because are the
firms capable of vaccine production, building vaccine production institutions essential and the
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Methodology:
For the primary research, a survey will be conducted on the general public in Dhaka. People who
are familiar with the topic capacity building for Bangladesh’s vaccine production may be
interviewed to find out about their thoughts on this topic. To that end, a questionnaire with different
types of survey questions will be designed so as to get a range of useful data which will help us to
get useful information. The participants may be up to 20. They may include the general public,
some friends, and some students from NSU. It is open to both genders and the target group will be
For the secondary research, the library of NSU may be used; websites, articles may also be used.
For this research project, the participant for the survey that were chosen were Bangladeshi people
who are familiar with our topic. This is because these people have knowledge about our topic and
know certain things about our topic which will help us answer our questions. As we found them
However, this survey will only give us opinions that people have. For this topic, websites are more
suitable as they can give definite answers for our topic so various websites will be used to find out
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Result
The Pharmaceutical Industry is playing an important role in the economy of the country. At
present, Bangladeshi medicines are being exported to the world market. Moreover, this industry is
supplying 98% of the country's demand. Leading pharmaceutical companies are increasing their
export targets.
including domestic and foreign companies. At present, more than 75% of the pharmaceutical
that play a major role in the preparation of medicines, 6 are multinational companies. Generally,
multinational and large domestic companies prepare their medicines following a good production
In Bangladesh, there are a lot of pharmaceutical companies. Every year they produce a lot of
vaccines. A survey shows that Incepta Vaccine Ltd, which is capable of producing 180 million
vaccines a year. But it is not enough for our country. Because of this, our country has 160 million
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COVID-19 vaccine collection:
Bangladesh started vaccination against COVID-19 on January 27, 2021, and mass vaccination
began on February 7, 2021. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is only one vaccine which gets
approval for emergencies between January to April 2021. Bangladesh ordered the Indian Institute
of Vaccines for Serum Production, but the dose provided to Bangladesh was less than half of the
agreed dose. Due to lack of the vaccine, Bangladesh approved the emergency use of Russian
Sputnik V and Chinese BBIBPCorV vaccines in late April 2021. As a part of COVAX, Bangladesh
On July 20, 2020, Globe Biotech Limited, a private Bangladeshi pharmaceutical company, claimed
to be the first Bangladeshi company to manufacture the Covid-19 vaccine. The only company in
Bangladesh has actually developed three candidate vaccines for Covid-19 for, all using different
technologies. The company named the mRNA-based vaccine Bangavax, primarily Banco Vid.
On November 5, 2020, the Government of Bangladesh, the Serum Institute of India and
Bangladesh Beximco Pharma signed a tripartite agreement. Bangladesh has ordered 30 million
doses. However, Serum only provided 7 million doses of the vaccine in the first two months of
2021, and the Indian government provided 3.2 million doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine
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as a gift. Bangladesh subsequently sought alternative sources of vaccines because India has
stopped exporting. Due to supply shortages, Bangladesh has suspended its first dose of the Oxford
AstraZeneca vaccine from April 26, 2021. When India stopped exporting to Bangladesh, the
second dose of vaccine for 1.3 million citizens was uncertain, and the situation became
complicated. The country is worried about whether they will get the second dose of the vaccine at
the right time, or whether they need a second dose of the vaccine.
On April 27, 2021, the Bangladeshi drug regulatory agency approved the emergency use of
Russia's artificial V satellite vaccine. Russia proposed to cooperate with a local pharmaceutical
company to produce vaccines in Bangladesh. On April 29, 2021, the Bangladesh Medicines
Regulatory Authority approved the emergency use of BBIBPCorV from China. Bangladesh
ordered 15 million doses of the national drug BBIBPCorV and received 500,000 doses as a gift.
that it will donate 600,000 doses of Sinopharm vaccine to Bangladesh. On May 27, 2021, the Drug
Administration approved the emergency use of the Pfizer-Biotech Covid-19 vaccine. COVAX will
On June 6, 2021, government authorized emergency use of CoronaVac. As of June 11, 2021,
Bangladesh has pledged to purchase 1.8 million AstraZeneca vaccines under the Covax program.
As India’s restrictions on vaccine exports have led to an estimated shortage of AstraZeneca vaccine
in Bangladesh, it is estimated that there may be a vaccine shortage for about 1.5 million people
waiting for the second dose of vaccine. On June 13, 2021, China presented 600,000 doses of
Chinese medicine vaccines. On June 15, 2021, the Drug Administration approved the emergency
use of Janssen Covid-19 vaccine. On June 25, 2021, the government announced that Bangladesh
will receive 2.5 million doses of modern Covid-19 vaccine at COVAX facilities in the next 10
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days. For this reason, Bangladesh approved the modern Covid-19 vaccine on June 29, 2021.
Bangladesh obtained 2.5 million modern Covid-19 vaccines under the US COVAX on July 2, 2021
and 2 million Sinopharm vaccines on July 3, 2021. Bangladesh received 3 million Modern Covid-
19 vaccines under COVAX in the United States on July 19. Japan shipped 245,000 AstraZeneca
vaccines on July 24. They agreed to ship a total of 2.9 million AstraZeneca vaccines. Japan shipped
781,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine on July 31 and 616,780 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine on
July 2, 2021. On August 11, Bangladesh received 1.77 million doses of Sinopharm COVAX
vaccine from China. On August 12, Bangladesh decided to buy 60 million doses of the Sinopharm
vaccine from China. On August 13, 2021, China introduced 1 million Sinopharm vaccines to
Bangladesh. On August 21, 2021, Japan shipped 7.81 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine
under COVAX.
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COVID-19 vaccine received:
Vaccine Collection
12000000 11226520
10000000
7200000
8000000
6000000 5500000
2000000
100620
0
This data was collected on August 22, 2021. In this data we see that, what is the amount of Covid-
19 vaccine in our country. In this country we have AstraZeneca vaccine 1,12,26,520. On the other
hand, the Sinopharm vaccine is 72,00,000, Moderna vaccine is 55,00,000 and Pfizer vaccine is
1,00,620. In this data we can see that, The highest AstraZeneca vaccine in our country has been
Now we will see total collection the Covid-19 vaccine in our country:
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Vaccine name Amount
AstraZeneca 1,12,26,520
Sinopharm 72,00,000
Moderna 55,00,000
Pfizer 1,00,620
Total 2,40,27,140
From this table we know that, On August 22, 2021 our total vaccine collection is 2,40,27,140. The
government of our country has made agreements with other countries for more vaccines.
COVID-19 vaccination: On August 22, 2021 we see that four types of vaccine have been given.
There are: AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Moderna, Pfizer. From this data, vaccines are generally given
two doses. Now, information about the first vaccine dose is presenting in below table:
AstraZeneca 58,25,263
Sinopharm 82,80,240
Moderna 25,04,670
Pfizer 51,239
Total 1,66,61,412
Now information about the second vaccine dose presenting in below table:
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AstraZeneca 51,90,759
Sinopharm 10,52,159
Moderna 2,89,156
Pfizer 43,399
Total 65,75,473
In this above table we see that the total amount of the first vaccine dose is 1,66,61,412 and the
total amount of the second dose is 65,75,473. So, a total of 2,32,36,885 vaccines.
Now, we will give information on what percentage of men and women have received the vaccine.
Data presentation and analysis in order to collect sufficient data about how to gain capacity
building for domestic vaccine production I hosted an online survey questioning various aspects on
my topic. The data collected helped me to draw conclusion about my research topic. The question
was completed by a group of 49 students whom there were 35 male and 14 females. The data
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Take Not take
49%
51%
Men: Men are far ahead of women in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. From this data we see
that, Men have taken the first dose Covid-19 vaccine 49% and second dose vaccine 50%. That
means 51% of men do not take the first vaccine dose and 50% men do not take the second vaccine
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Take Not take
50% 50%
Women: From this data we see that women have taken the first dose Covid-19 vaccine 36% and
second dose vaccine 30%. That means 64% of women do not take the first vaccine dose and 70%
women do not take the second vaccine dose. Now we will explain graphical design:
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Take
36%
Not take
64%
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Take Not take
30%
70%
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Result:
In the above scenarios, we see that our country received Covid-19 vaccines 2,40,27,140 doses and
2,32,36,885 doses given to the people. A report has been seen, when a person takes two Covid-19
vaccine doses that time risk of his death is 0.1% or less. But our country is an over populated
country. Total 160 million people live here. The number of Covid-19 vaccines is much less than
the number of people in our country. The demand for Covid-19 vaccine cannot be met in our
country depending on the foreign country. If we generate Covid-19 vaccines in our country, we
will be able to fully fill our vaccine demand. Because, when our government will generate Covid-
19 vaccine, that time the vaccine will be made keeping in mind the availability of the vaccine to
all the people of the country. So that, no one is left out of the vaccination activities. On the other
hand, when they fill our vaccine demand, they will also fill the vaccine demand of other countries.
Discussion
Vaccination is one of the most revolutionary medical practices ever introduced that has been
essential to reduce morality, improve life expectancy and foster economic growth. This is now
clear to us more than ever as we are feeling the heat of the misery of a pandemic. Experts suggest
the vaccination of 60-70-% of the population of a nation to sustain the immunization but to meet
the extra demand of the vaccine, production needs to be increased. There has been much talk about
vaccine equity, neither vaccine hoarding nor price-gouging is not the main problem. It is that
manufacturers can’t make doses fast enough. Thus the vaccination is not getting accelerated.
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In this part we will be analyzing the data by depicting various types of graphs and diagrams. The
current
and regulatory validations can be observed through different charts and discussion.
Bangladesh is considered as the emerging generic drug hub in the market. According to Directorate
and about 150 are functional. In a recent talk with IVI Bangladesh has proposed three names of
the pharmaceutical companies and expected to receive technological assistance from IVI to
produce vaccines
in
Banglades
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5.2 Production Unit Per Year
Out of 150 functional companies, there are only three companies who are currently able to produce
vaccines. Incepts has state of the art facilities. In a recent issued document, they stated the
capability of producing 180 million doses per year which is 50% of the doses we need to vaccinate
entire Bangladeshi population. So, incepts alone starts producing vaccine we will be able to bring
everyone under vaccination in two years. If other two companies also start producing vaccines
then it will be just a matter of time to vaccinate our people. After that there is world of opportunity
New manufacturing capacity developing and constructing for vaccine production is both resource
and time intensive. It takes up to almost 10 to 12 months to build capacity and get the production
to ramp up and obtain regulatory validation, and the capital expenditures can run as high as 10
crore to 500 crore. Moreover, the medium-term demand for a given Covid-19 vaccine is uncertain.
The benefits of vaccine manufacturing expansion are much more beneficial to the society than the
investors. They simply do not have enough incentive to invest in, considering the slow yield and
other risk factors. This is where the government should step in.
The data of total vaccine procurement by the Bangladeshi government and total vaccinated people
in Bangladesh was collected in result. Mainly four companies vaccine are being administered in
Bangladesh and a total number of 2,40,27,140 doses have received and 2,32,36,885 doses have
been used for vaccination.1,66,61,410 and 65,75,470 people have got the first and second dose
respectively. Data shows that so far 4% of the entire people have been vaccinated fully.
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Figure 6: Vaccination in Bangladesh till 21August,2021
A holistic approach needs to be taken in order to ramp up the production and meet the demand.
Although there are a lot of risk factors visible for the investors to invest and we have seen by
analyzing the data that it can bring good yield too. Global production has been impressive and
production reached billion doses. One billion more were produced by May 26 and the third billion
by June 22. That’s good. But we need 11 billion doses to fully vaccinate 70 percent of the world,
which may not happen until 2022.So there’s a good potential market for Bangladeshi
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pharmaceutical companies to export growth. Now we need to bring all the stakeholders and
elements together to accelerate the capacity building, and look forward to a prosperous future
Conclusion
Vaccines boost the immune system of the body and provide a strong immune system to the patient.
Some vaccines can entirely prevent the infection, while others may only be somewhat successful.
Just like the other countries, Bangladesh has begun to develop its own vaccine manufacturing
capabilities. If our vaccine makers receive the necessary technical help from the inventor,
combining the seed with adjuvants, stabilizers, and preservatives to form the final vaccine product
should not be difficult. As we are an overpopulated country, we can never be dependent on other
foreign countries for the proper vaccine distribution. Bangladesh Government is taking proper step
to produce mass amount of vaccine in our own country. With fulfilling the demand in our country
as well as we can export our own vaccines to the other countries who need.
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References:
1.Al-Masum Molla, M. (2021, April 2). Astrazeneca Vaccine: Bangladesh wants to produce it
https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/astrazeneca-vaccine-bangladesh-wants-
produce-it-locally-2071093
2. With IVI’s help, Bangladesh hopeful of domestic vaccine production. (2021, July 16).
Dhaka Tribune.
https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/07/16/with-ivi-s-help-bangladesh-
hopeful-of-domestic-vaccine-production
3. With IVI’s help, Bangladesh hopeful of domestic vaccine production. (2021, July 16). Dhaka
Tribune.
https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/07/16/with-ivi-s-help-bangladesh-
hopeful-of-domestic-vaccine-production
4. United News of Bangladesh. (2021, May 19). Vaccine production in Bangladesh: Experts
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vehemently-against-private-sectors-engagement/69640
5. With IVI’s help, Bangladesh hopeful of domestic vaccine production. (2021, July 16). Dhaka
Tribune.
https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/07/16/with-ivi-s-help-bangladesh-
hopeful-of-domestic-vaccine-production
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Bibliography
1. Dhaka Tribune. (2021, May 17). Vaccine production in Bangladesh. Experts against
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4. Mission Box. (2021, February 5). Capacity Building. Capacity Building: What It Is and
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