Patient Room Prototype 2012

PATIENT ROOM PROTOTYPE v2012
CLEMSON UNIVERSITYARCHITECTURE + HEALTH PROGRAM & CARLETON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
A COLLABORATIVE DESIGN RESEARCH PROJECT
Copyright © Clemson University Graduate Program in Architecture + Health.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means
without the expressed written permission of the publishers.
Published 2012 by:

Clemson University Graduate Program in Architecture + Health
Contact:
David Allison, FAIA, ACHA
Professor, Director
Graduate Program in Architecture + Health
2-144 Lee Hall
Clemson University
Clemson, SC 29634
adavid@clemson.edu
Printed by: LuLu ®
Project Director and Editor: David Allison FAIA, ACHA
Booklet Design and Layout: Andrew Pardue, Graduate Assistant.

Patient Room Prototype v2012
PATIENT ROOM PROTOTYPE v2012
A N INTERDISCIPLIN ARY DE S IG N- R E S E A R C H C OL L A B O R AT I O N
WITH TH E SPART AN BU R G R E G I ONA L HE A L THC A R E S Y S T E M
INTRODUCTION
A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT
CLEMSON UNIVERSITY + CARLETON UNIVERSITY
03
T ABLE OF CONTEN TS

INTRODUCTION & HISTORY
1.0 PROJECT SCOPE & PROCESS 06-15

PROJECT TIMELINE
LITERATURE PRECEDENT & MATERIAL RESEARCH
HOSPITAL STAY
INTERDISCIPLINARY
2.0 DESIGN GOALS & CONCEPTS 16-35

ROOM OVERVIEW
NEEDS & CONSIDERATIONS
INTRODUCTION
HEADWALL DESIGN
FOOTWALL DESIGN
3.0 FABRICATION 36-48

IMAGES

P r o to ty p e 2003 Prototype 2 0 0 6
P r oto ty pe 2007 Prototype 20 0 9
05
INTR ODUCTION

This project involves the detailed design and prototyping of elements on the headwall and footwall to be
employed in either acute care patient rooms or acuity adaptable/universal patient room designs. It represents
a new cycle of an iterative design-fabrication-research process involving a collaborative team of healthcare
architects, industrial designers, an interior designer, students, healthcare equipment companies and their
personnel, healthcare providers, along with periodic consultants and experts in several other disciplines. It
involved professionals in each primary discipline working as and with faculty and students at two Universities
in two Countries and served as both a design research and teaching/learning experience. This submission builds
on a series of earlier design concepts, prototypes, testing and evaluation cycles including formal research
studies involving simulation and informal observational and feedback from clinicians on elements employed
in an actual healthcare facility. Four separate cycles of research/design/fabrication/evaluation culminating in
prototypes built in 2003, 2006, 2007 and 2009 led to the results of the prototype design features included in
this 2012 submission.
This proposal also benefits from lessons learned from work by others at the primary submitting institution on
a concept room for the year 2020, which also built on the earlier work mentioned above. However, instead of
envisioning what might be possible in 10 or more years, this submission was charged with exploring what might
be possible and feasible today, or tomorrow, in terms of clinical practices, regulation, affordable technologies
and market ready products in an era of increasingly constrained resources in healthcare. It looks at a two to
five year window of application. The features included in the proposal are being explored to bring to market
with collaborating partners who are recognized leaders in the healthcare furnishings and equipment market.
INTRODUCTION
The underlying charges of the proposal have not changed dramatically over each iteration, but have been
reframed as the healthcare context has changed and new information was learned in each cycle of research,
design, fabrication, evaluation and redesign. The underlying premise is to optimize health, comfort and control
for patients, staff and families by:
• Providing a setting that is safe, therapeutic, green and sustainable

• Providing a setting that supports positive patient/family/staff centered experiences
• Enabling efficient and effective clinical care and health outcomes
• Providing an adaptable setting that accommodates changing needs over time
The proposed headwall and footwall elements were each envisioned as a plug and play kit of parts that could
be adapted or interchanged over the life of the room, or used in various ways over the life of a patient stay.
The intent was to design features that would allow adaptation and design variation for both function and
appearance in each application initially and over time.
KHULOOD ALAWADI JUDITH CREWS
Khulood is originally from Dubai, UAE, and Judith is originally from Chattanooga,
she is in her 4th year at Carleton University, Tennessee. She graduated from Clemson
where she studies Industrial Design. Her 4th University in May 2011 with a B.A. in
year major project is on “Household Anaerobic Architecture. Judith has had summer
digester: A clean energy solution for sub- internships working as a model builder for
Saharan Africa.” She is particularly interested Elemi Architects and TWH Architects, both
in cultures and family interactions and how located in Chattanooga. She studied abroad
socially responsible design can influence in Genoa, Italy in the spring semester of 2010
these relationships. She has experience in and was able to travel throughout Europe
hospital rehabilitation engineering and urban during that time.
design. She has worked at Masdar City with
Foster+Partners.
DAVID ALLISON_PROFESSOR THOMAS GARVEY_PROFESSOR

David Allison FAIA, ACHA is Professor & Dr. Thomas Garvey is from Ottawa, Canada. He
Director of Clemson’s Graduate Program received his Bachelors of Interior Design from
in Architecture + Health. His teaching and Carleton University. He also has a M.Science
scholarship involves the integrated design from NY and a Ph.D from Tokyo. He is currently
and research of health care settings. He was a serving as an Associate Professor and the
founding member of the American College of Director of the School of Industrial Design at
Healthcare Architects and Coalition for Health Carleton University. He also has experience in
Environments Research. He is a member of graphic design, architectural planning, space
the AIA Academy of Architecture for Health station interior design , furniture design, and
where he served as a National Advisory Board residential and commercial interior design.
member. He was selected in 2007 as one of He is particularly interested in products for
“Twenty Making a Difference” and identified extreme and minimal environments.
again in 2009 and 2010 by Healthcare Design
Magazine as one of the twenty-five most
influential people in healthcare design. YU (ECHO) JIANG
Yu received her Bachelor of Engineering in
JOHN BARTLETT Interior Architecture in 2004 and Master in
John is originally from Virginia. He graduated Architecture History in 2008 from Chongqing
from James Madison University with a degree University, China. Yu worked in China for CTDI
in Kinesiology. John has held numerous Engineering Corporation on local and overseas
management positions in the construction projects. She spent eight months working in
industry. His last position was the director of Africa, where she decided to continue her
plant operations at a psychiatric residential education and career through the Architecture
treatment center. + Health graduate program at Clemson
University in 2011.
07
2012 C ORE PRO JECT MEM BE R S

MINGLU (LUNA) LIN TAMARA PHILLIPS
Minglu, who goes by the name Luna at Tamara is originally from Ottawa, Canada. She
Clemson, is originally from China. She was is a Professor of Interior Design at Algonquin
born in Fujian, Fuzhou, which is in the College and a registered Interior Designer.
southeast part of the country. She received Tamara remains active in the professional
her Bachelor of Architecture from China’s community while teaching courses in corporate
Southeast University. and healthcare design. She is working toward a
degree in Professional Arts in Communications
at Carleton University.
LISA MARCHI SHUO YANG

Shuo is originally from Shenyang, a city in
Lisa, originally from Scottsdale, Arizona, northeast China. In 2006, he graduated from
graduated with a B.A. in Architectural Studies North China University of Technology with
within the Art & Art History Department at a Bachelor degree in architecture. Shuo has
Colgate University in 2009. She studied abroad worked as an architectural designer for the
in London with the Studio Art Program offered Lawrence Group and Henn Architekten in
by Colgate University in 2007. While abroad, Beijing. He began Clemson’s graduate program
she traveled to Spain, France, Italy, and Ireland. in Architecture + Health in 2011.
Last summer Lisa worked as an intern at KMD,
a design firm in San Francisco, California.
INTRODUCTION
ANDREW PARDUE JESSICA YIU
Jessica is originally from Pretoria, South
Andrew is originally from Heath Springs, South
Carolina. He studied technical resolutions in Africa, and she is in her 4th year at Carleton
architecture for two years at Midlands Technical University. She is studying Industrial Design.
College in Columbia, SC. He graduated with a Her major project is “Smart Collaborative
B.A. in Architecture from Clemson University Seating for Individual Work Spaces. Jessica
in May 2011. Andrew has worked for McMillan is interested in the importance of design and
Pazdan Smith in Greenville, SC and has been how it can enhance patient recovery within
contracted to build scale models. He studied care giving environments. She has experience
in Charleston on a design-build project with in woodworking and cabinetry fabrication.
the Fluid Campus.

SITE VISITS/CLINICAL MOCK-UPS
S T A F F TABLE
E N G A GOF
E M CONTEN
ENT TS
FABRICATION
LECTURES TESTING COLLABORATIVE

TECHNOLOGY
CHARRETTES
RESEARCH
VIRTUAL STUDIO
09
1.0 PROJECT SCOPE & PROCESS 06-15

The charge in this cycle was to work within the project “site” of the basic prototype room footprint developed
and refined in earlier cycles and focus design revisions and refinements on two primary features of the patient
room: the headwall and footwall. Two sites were envisioned. One was the refined 2007 prototype as built in a
simulation lab on a healthcare campus and the second is a mock-up within a “black-box” room last refined in
2009 in a clinical simulation training facility in a school of nursing. The actual fabrication was to be built in the
“black box” room on campus. The team had to design elements that would fit within both prototype room sites.
All elements of both versions of the patient room were to remain except the headwall and footwall elements.
The fabrication in the black box room in the Clinical Simulation Training Lab(CLRC) in the School of Nursing
provides access to nursing faculty, students and a full compliment of inpatient care clinical equipment. The
black box room is a space that can be demolished and rebuilt to the building structure. The overall lab is used
simulation training for nursing students and the prototype room is used for teaching when not undergoing
redesign, fabrication and research studies.
Clinical Simulation Training Lab
INTERSTITIAL
ZONES
AVAILABLE
FOR REDESIGN
AS NEEDED
DEMO
1.0 Project Scope and Background

Clinical Simulation Training Lab

PROCESS
2-Mar 5-Mar 7-Mar 9-Mar 12-Mar 14-Mar 16-Mar 19-Mar 21-Mar 23-Mar 26-Mar 28-Mar 30-Mar 2-Apr 4-Apr 6-Apr 9-Apr 11-Apr 13-Apr 16-Apr 18-Apr 20-Apr 23-Ap 25-Apr 27-Apr BUILD CALENDAR
Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri
PRODUCT: DEMO
PRODUCT: FRAMING
PRODUCT: BUILD
MAY+summer APRIL MARCH FEBRUARY JANUARY SEMESTER CALENDAR
Virtual Kick-Off
REVIEW DATES
Final Review
Charrette
Charrette
11
P R OJEC T TIMEL IN E

Milestone: Milestone: Milestone: Milestone:
Permint 5 weeks to 2 week to Finish day.
Approved. complete. complete.
PROCESS
RESEARCH Construction All orders All materials
Start must be made. have arrived.
CONCEPTUAL IDEATION
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
FABRICATION
DOCUMENTATION/REFINEMENT
BUILD CALENDAR 2-Mar 5-Mar 7-Mar 9-Mar 12-Mar 14-Mar 16-Mar 19-Mar 21-Mar 23-Mar 26-Mar 28-Mar 30-Mar 2-Apr 4-Apr 6-Apr 9-Apr 11-Apr 13-Apr 16-Apr 18-Apr 20-Apr 23-Ap 25-Apr 27-Apr
Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri Mon Wed Fri
PRODUCT: DEMO 1
2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
PRODUCT: FRAMING
4 4
5 5
PRODUCT: BUILD 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7
8
9 9 9 9 9 9
10 10
11
12
13 13

14
15 15
16
17
18
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
SEMESTER CALENDAR JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY+summer

Mock-up Charrette
Design Charrette
Final Report Due

Const. Charrette
Virtual Kick-Off
REVIEW DATES
Virtual Review
Virtual Review
Virtual Review
Virtual Review
Virtual Review
Virtual Review
Hospital Stay
Final Review
Award Show
Feb. 11-12
Feb. 22-25
Feb. 2-6
Mar. 14
Mar. 26
Apr. 20
Apr. 25
Apr. 27
Feb. 15
Jan. 11
Jan. 18
Mar. 7
May 4
Apr. 4

COLLABORATIVE - INTERDISCIPLINARY - DESIGN - RESEARCH - PROCESS
Nature View RE S E ARCH - Design DE S I G N - Research
Literature review Pre-conception design studies
Pateint View Range
Case study review Establish assumptions and constraints
Healthcare facilities visits Define design goals and objectives
Primary View Healthcare equipment visits Design brainstorming

Seminars by industry experts Mock-up at Hill Rom
Overnight admission and stay 1st Design charrette - develop options
Design hypotheses and concepts Develop competing options
Entry View Preliminary mock-ups and evaluation by 2nd Design charrette - critique refinement
Dry Work Zone Not Visible design team
to Patient Build rough mock-up in CLRC
Design concept mock-up evaluation by
Select/develop final conceptual direction
hospital staff: nursing, housekeeping,
Wet Work Station By Entrance
infection control, respiratory therapy and Detailed development of key room elements:
to Promote Handwashing
administration headwall, footwall, bathroom, entry,
ceiling and over-bed table
Direct Sightlines to Patient Empirical research design
Identify room finishes, fixtures and fittings
Task analysis: headwall and bathroom
Construct/fabricate final CLRC mock-up
Overall nursing task analysis
Nurse Work Station Refine bathroom, headwall, footwall details
Headwall experiment [simulation study]
Construct detailed construction mock-up
Bathroom usability evaluation
[simulation studies] Finalize design refinements, details and
Sliding Glass Break Away Doors
Swinging Double Doors materials for actual hospital [beta] room
Overall room assessment [simulation study]
Patient Room layout Research & Design; Clemson University/NXT Operational beta studies of room in hospital
37
Medical gas design study
3-Form Chroma Medical gas design study Medical gas placement study in one hospital
http://www.3-form.com/materials/chroma/
Herman Miller; Compass system Sanya Arts Space: Cabrio In
13
http://www.instablogsimages.com/
http://www.hermanmiller.com/products/systems- images/2006/09/26/cabrio_in_2.jpg
furniture/healthcare-systems/compass-system.html
L ITERATURE PRECEDEN T & MA T E R I A L R E S E A R C H
At the start of the project process, the design team engaged in a two-week research period as a way to begin

thinking about innovative practices and products within healthcare practice and design. These studies looked at
literature, research studies, technologies, products, applications and fields outside of healthcare and healthcare
design but continued to focus around unique findings, solutions and developing trends that could be applied
to the headwall and footwall elements.
A series of case studies provided examples of recent proposals for changes to the traditional headwall and
footwall elements. A pediatric patient room by Perkins & Will presented an interesting design of a multi-
media footwall that incorporated storage, personalizable space, and notification board displays to encourage
interaction between visitors, patients, and care providers. An Anshen and Allen project revealed a headwall
design inspired by the 2006 Patient Room developed by Clemson and Carleton Universities. The headwall unit
extends to the ceiling in this prototype and bridges the connection to the patient lift.
In addition to a review of literature and case studies, a number of materials, systems, and technologies were
researched for their use both in and outside of healthcare. These elements were informative for their innovation
in responding to design conditions. Examples were chosen that reflected various aspects of the project objectives,
such as efficiency, adaptability, patient comfort, or therapeutic environment. Particular attention was paid to
materials and products that were “green” and sustainable, durable, applicable, cleanable and non-institutional.

Green Patient Lab 3.0 Acute
Care PrototypeAnshen + Allen
© Stantec Architecture

typical patient room: Clearance and Zone Issues
Family Zone Staff Zone Dead Space Nurses Work Area
ESTCODE
ESTCODE
ESTCODE
ESTCODE
Facility layout and rooms where students stayed
Greer Memorial Hospital: Typical Patient Room Layout: 250 SQFT
15
H OSPITAL STA Y

Multiple members of the design team spent the night in a patient room to better understand first hand how
the built environment impacts patients and patient care. Team members were able to tour a local acute
care unit at Greer Memorial and stay 24 hours as patients. Nurses and medical staff contributed to the
experience by answering our questions and describing design features that worked and did not work. They
gave demonstrations to show how patients used certain equipment and moved around in the patient rooms.
The physical therapist, for example, had us practice moving into the bathroom with walkers and IV poles.
Throughout the stay, we were monitored on the typical nurse’s schedule, had our vital signs taken, and ate
the food. The hospital stay was a valuable exercise in understanding the patient’s experience in a hospital
room. The design team came away with a better knowledge of design issues and noted staff and patient
dissatisfaction with inaccessible equipment, crowded furniture, dusty crevices, and awkward placement for
display in the footwall.

Experiencing physical therapy Floor Clearances & issues Patient zone clearances & issues 24-Hour Patient experience

17
INTERDISCIPL IN A RY /CO L L A BO R A T O R Y

Virtual meetings allowed interdisciplinary design team members located in two countries to communicate
remotely throughout the duration of the project. Team members in each location prepared presentations to
share their progress and new ideas with the other team. These meetings gave everyone the opportunity to
critique the evolving concepts and design. Participants could ask questions and discuss possible alternatives to
the design propositions. These virtual meetings also provided an opportunity to connect with outside experts
and ask for their advice on certain aspects of the headwall or footwall. Video conferences took place on January
11 & 18, February 15, March 7, 14 & 26, and April 4, 2012.
The architecture team met with the industrial design team at their location in early February to present research
findings and kick off the design phase of the project: Conceptual Ideation. Team members broke into two
groups, one for headwall and one for footwall, which continued throughout the rest of the design phases. Both
groups conducted a series of collaborative work sessions to develop key concepts and goals for each of the
room elements.
By the end of the charrette, the two teams produced clear design strategies for the headwall and footwall,
based on both research findings and group explorations. The collaboration marked an important transition
from research to applying what was learned to the 2012 project. Other trip activities included tours of the
industrial design fabrication facilities and meetings with industry experts.
The design charrette hosted at the architect’s workspace brought together students, faculty, and outside
professionals in a collaborative series of brainstorming and educational sessions. The students toured Greer

Memorial Hospital and Village at Pelham Hospital and visited the 2007 Prototype Room and Lab in Pelham,
where charrette participants were updated with process presentations.
One day was dedicated to meeting with guest experts and exploring the design proposal in further detail.
Headwall and footwall teams worked to prepare mock-up designs for mock-up. Meanwhile, other team members
were involved in the demolition of the existing. A cardboard mock-up was built the final day to reflect design
changes made during the charrette and to discuss further refinements to the proposal.

19
D ES IGN GOA L S & CONCE PT S

In response to the project charge and objectives, the 2012 team developed a set of design goals to implement
in the final proposals for the headwall and footwall. These goals were developed throughout the process of
conceptual ideation and represent abstract qualities or strategies that are manifested in the physical design.
They reflect the needs of patients, family members, and staff. At the same time, the goals aim to incorporate
the multitude of functions that the headwall and footwall embody.
The goals also help clarify the holistic project mission that unifies both the headwall and footwall elements.
They guided design decisions at all level of details, from the overall room level aesthetic down to the scale of
a corner finish detail.
Overall, the 2012 Patient Room Prototype project goals provide a clear, concise message of the team’s
overarching design intentions.
2.0 DESIGN GOALS & CONCEPTS 16-35
Safety and Sanitation
2.0 Design Goals & Concepts

_ cleanability_ non-toxic
Adaptability
_ personalization_ interchangeable
Comfort and Control

_ choice_ ergo-
Efficiency
_ multi-functional_ convenience
Modularity
_ universal_ standardized
Therapeutic Environment
_ non-institutional_ healing

a cohesive room layout through headwall & footwall design
The final design of the 2012 Patient Room Prototype was a collaborative
effort among team members following the same goals and objectives. The
design refinement process required the design team to consider aspects
ranging from functional use to structural details to overall aesthetics.
Together, the headwall and footwall are important features that directly
impact the experience of patients, family, and staff. They represent the
opportunity to bring greater innovation and personalization into the
typical patient room.
DROP HOLE FOR TRASHCAN

Primary View
STEP-DOWN ACUITY LEVEL
OVERFLOW GUEST SEATS
VISITORS’ WINDOW SEAT

Nature View
Entry View STANDARD ROOM WIDTH
WORK SURFACE FOR STAFF
ACUITY ADAPTABLE HEADWALL
21
R OOM OVERVIEW

Sky-Factory
Creates views of natural

scenery and other
environmental settings

HEAD WALL
Phys ical Need s: Connect to ceiling

Free decoration
Connect to ceiling
Free decoration
-Gas outlets
-2 Air (one on each side)
Reading light Reading light
Room light
-4 Oxygen (two on each side)

-4 Vacuum (two on each side) Bumper Bumper
-2 suction bottle slides
-Electrical outlets
-3 duplex outlets on each side
(2 are duplex emergency on staff side)
-Connectors near floor
-Bed power 0 1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 0 1' 2' 3' 4' 5'
-Multi-pin
-Data interface
-Nurse call button to staff station
-Phone jack
-Good lighting Connect to ceiling Connect to ceiling
-Night lighting Free decoration Free decoration
-Task lighting (near gases)

-Ambient lighting
-Color lighting (environmental) Reading light
Room light
Reading light
Room light
-Staff and patient controls

-Lighting
-Digital Interface to control room settings
Bumper Bumper
-Sharps disposal in patient care area

-Linen disposal/hamper nearby
Q ua lity Consider a t ion s:

0 1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 0 1' 2' 3' 4' 5'
Headwall materials should be

-Cleanability durable & maintainable.
-Minimize nooks, crevices, etc.
-Durability
-Account for impact of bed on headwall Headwall should various
-Quality of materials, finishes, and light settings and enviromental
construction controls.
-Accessibility to utilities
-Optimal range of 2’ to 5’ from floor
-Gas connections through ceiling?
-Adaptability Gases should be acuity
-Accommodate different acuity levels adaptable.
-Accommodate new and changing
technology or equipment
-Plug and play options Headwall should be easily
-Integration of various functions accessable.
-Efficiency and simplicity
-Aesthetically pleasing
Enviromental settings and views
23
N EEDS & CO N SIDERA TIO N S

(bed)
Corian sinktop
table/desk
F OOTWALL
removable, foldable cushion
Corian bench/bed base apron
11 3/4"
bulkhead with LED lights behind translucent panels bulkhead with LED lights behind translucent panels
3' 6 1/4"
Ph y sical Need s:
translucent translucent
glass screen glass screen mirror with
mirror with backlighting
backlighting
14"
storage storage
2'
(backlighting)
(bed) (bed)
(tasklighting) Corian sinktop Corian sinktop
table/desk
-Sink and hand-washing station

4'6"
3'
3" removable, foldable cushion removable, foldable cushion
2'6" Corian bench/bed base apron Corian bench/bed base apron
-Soap dispense
1' 4"
2' 1" 6'
-Alcohol/Sanitizer dispense 1'10 1/2" 4'6" 1'6" 1'6" 1'6" 1'6" 4'10 1/2"
-Paper towel dispense

2 1/2"
-Gloves
-Mirror (patient visibility)
-Power outlets?
-Locked storage
-Patient
-Visitors bulkhead with LED lights behind translucent panels
-Staff
-Family zone translucent
glass screen mirror with
backlighting
-Overflow seating from window area storage
-Bench bed for overnight visitors

-Desk/work area
Corian sinktop
-Task lighting
apron
-Power outlets
bulkhead with LED lights behind translucent panels
-Environmental controls translucent

glass screen mirror with
1 docked bench seat 2 undocked ottoman 3 undocked mobile seat
-Technology screen
backlighting
Qua lity Consider a t ion s: Antimicrobial & Durable

materials

-Cleanability
-Durability
-Efficiency and simplicity Seamless connections
-Ability for personalization by patient between materials
-Displays of personal effects
-Adaptability
-Plug and play options
-Modular components Modular/interexhangable
-Fixed and mobile elements systems
-Comfort and reduction of stress
-Reduction of visual clutter
-Aesthetically pleasing
Environmental settings
bench/bed
Multi-functional interfaces
Undermounted night
lighting

headwall evolution through design
E VO L U T I ON 1 : EV O L U T I O N 2: EV OL UTION 3: EV OL UT I ON 4 :
Kit of parts Idea: -refinement of frame design -Introduction of interchangable -Refinement of framework with
-frame/chassis for side panel evolution. panel system. side/front panels
-side panels -Development of internal parts -Refinement of front panel
-front panels connections and parts
11 1/8" 1"
0' - 4 3/8" 0' - 2 1/8" 0' - 4 3/8"
7"
0' - 0 5/8" 0' - 1 1/2" 0' - 0 5/8"
0' - 1 7/16"
0' - 4 7/8" 0' - 6 1/2" 0' - 3 1/2"
1/2"
1/8"
1/2" 1 1/2" 8" 1 1/2" 1 1/2"
25
H E ADW ALL CO N CEPTS

AC C ESS TO INTERN A L PA R T S A N D E R G O N O MI C S
The headwall serves as a primary patient care interface
for staff and patient. It provides the umbilical cord
service connections used by care providers in patient CEILING
CONNECTION
DECORATION
care and serves as the interface to the room and its
environmental conditions for bedbound patients. It is
typically presents an institutional image for patients
and families and is often not functional for staff. The
challenge was to improve its functionality for both
staff and patients while minimizing its institutional
appearance. It was envisioned as a sort of iPhone or
iPad of the patient room. It is envisioned as a plug and
play kit of parts where the functional elements can be
BUMPER
reconfigured and the visual appearance can be tailored
to the specific context of the hospital, it’s patient
population and it’s care needs.
Easy access and ergonomics are main points in the
side panel design. Previous research studies define the
primary range of nurse activity between 2 and 6 feet
off the floor. Compared to overbed outlets, equipment
on side panels is more accessible and appreciated by
nurses.

SKY-FACTORY CEILING
REMOVEABLE FRONT PANEL
LED LIGHTS CREATE DIFFERENT

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS

headwall evolution with kit-of-parts
REMOVEABLE FRONT PANEL
FRAME-TO-WALL GASKET
LIGHT REFLECTING PANEL
FRAMEWORK
TRUMPF PLUG-AND-PLAY PANELS
TRUMPF RAIL SYSTEM
INTERNAL GAS LINES
27
H E ADW ALL DESIGN

P L U G A N D P LA Y SI DE PA NEL
Cooperating with the Trumpf© system, the SKY-FACTORY CEILING

side panel was designed as a “plug and play”
system. Based on the acuity, different rooms
could have different mountings. In addition,
with the use of a simple tool, the panels could
be replaced to adapt to changing functions
and adding new technology. INTERCHANGEABLE PANELS
EXPANSION SLOTS
FALLS WITHIN NURSES REACH

EQUIPMENT IS CONTAINED
TO ONE SIDE OF HEADWALL

environmental room settings with mood lighting controls
29
H EADW AL L DESIGN

“KIT OF PARTS” INSTALLATION TRUMPF MEDICAL SYSTEM
UPPER STATIC PANEL
PLUG AND PLAY SIDE PANEL GASES

REMOVABLE MIDDLE PANEL
FRAME CHASSIS
INTERCHANGEABLE PANEL

LOWER STATIC PANEL
ACCESS TO INTERNAL PARTS
BED BUMPER RAIL
LIGHT REFLECTOR
COVER PLATE

footwall evolution through design
INTERC HANGEABLE W ALL P ANELS
Various wall panels can be

plugged into the modular system
and provide opportunities for
adaptability and personalization.
These panels can be interchanged
with different materials such as
acoustical fabric, a solid surface
for projections, transparent or
translucent glass, a whiteboard,
wood, or a number of others.
The panels can support different
technologies and lighting, from
undermounted strip lighting to
soft colored backlighting that
filters through transparent panels.
Based on the hospital or patient’s
preference, they can be easily
rearranged or replaced to form
endless configurations of different
sizes, placement, and aesthetic of
the panels.
31
F O OTW ALL CONCEPTS

The footwall serves distinct and at time
conflicting functions in the patient room.
It is the primary focal point of view for
the patient, it is a space usable by the
DISPLAY
family, and provides a highly accessible and
VIEWING
STORAGE
STORAGE
SOFTEN SOFTEN
visible staging area for staff as they move
into and out of the room. The kit of parts
envisioned for the footwall is designed to
fit into a standard patient room footprint.
RESTING STORAGE CONCEAL

It relies in part on a modular structure that
supports a variety of panels in different WRITING WASHING
materials and uses. Safety and sanitation
are two important qualities that emerge SEATING
in the lighting, materiality, and seamless
connections between materials. Creating
a more therapeutic environment through
display and acoustical elements is another
primary goal, as is efficiency in determining
the arrangement of subparts. The footwall
also offers greater comfort and control

through its interchangeable
MIRROR TO VIEW PATIENT

FROM HAND-WASH STATION
CORIAN PANELS
ACOUSTIC PANELS
WRITING SURFACE

hand-washing station refinement ideas
BUILT-IN GLOVES HOLDER
BUILT-IN PAPER TOWEL DISPENSER
BUILT-IN SOAP DISPENSER
FAUCET MOUNTED ON WALL
RECESSED TOEKICK
HAND -WAS H STATION

The sink area is located at the immediate entry to the room.
Intended primarily for staff use, it features elements that are
designed for sanitation and safety control. The large mirror
allows staff to see the patient while they wash hands. The
faucet, gloves, soap, paper towels, and waste can are all
built into the casework. This eliminates crevices that could
become an infection issue and keeps the area more efficient
and hands-free.
33
F OOTW AL L DESIGN
BE NCH A N D FOLD -DO WN B ED

The bench is a Corian surface that functions as a firm
surface for sitting or resting objects. Foldable cushions
can be placed on the bench or removed and stored in
the adjacent cabinets. The bed is the size of a standard
mattress (30”W by 80”L) and easily folds down from the
wall. For safety reasons, it is lightweight and contains
as few open pockets as possible in the detailing. It is
backed with an acoustical panel that also functions as
BUILT-IN DISPLAY PROJECTOR
a backrest for people sitting on the bench.
HERMAN MILLER SYSTEM

FOLD-DOWN BENCH-BED

interactive digital interface for patient, staff, and family alike
35
F O OTW ALL DESIGN

PROJECTOR
HERMAN MILLER
WALL-MOUNT SYSTEM
HAND-WASHING
ACOUSTIC PANELS STATION
CORIAN PANELS
PULL-OUT TRASH BIN

WORK SURFACE
& STORAGE
FOLD-DOWN BED
REFRIGERATOR
STORAGE/WARDROBE OR LOCKABLE STORAGE
CORIAN BENCH

night lighting includes; examination, task, and mood lighting solutions
37
C OM P REHENSIVE DESIGN

F B R
I C
T I N
39
3.0 Fabrication
final design concept: footwall
41
final design mock-up: footwall
3.0 Fabrication
final design mock-up: headwall & footwall-bench bed up
43
final design mock-up: footwall-bench bed down
3.0 Fabrication
fi nal d e si gn m oc k - u p : f o o t w a l l - b e n c h b e d u p & d own
45
night lighting in cludes; examination, task and mood lighting
3.0 Fabrication
fi nal de si gn m o c k - u p : f o o t w a l l f r e a t u r e s
47
hand-washing station provides indirect illumination
3.0 Fabrication
final design concept: headwall-night time settings
49
final design concept & mock-up: interchangable side panels
3.0 Fabrication
51
A K NOW LEDGEMEN TS

Interdisciplinary Healthcare Product and Healthcare Providers and Professional Advisors:
Project Team: Equipment Manufacturers Organizations
and Project Contributors
The core project team included The following companies The following organizations The following people
faculty and students at Clemson generously provided and people allowed us to tour provided invaluable clinical,
University and Carleton equipment, materials,and their facilities and/or served administrative and research
University. technical advice or assistance as advisors and critics during and/or design insight and
on the project. the project design and review feedback over the course of
process. the project
Clemson University Graduate Trumpf Medical Systems, Inc. Greenville Hospital System - Dina Battisto PhD, Associate
Program in Architecture + Greer Memorial Hospital. Professor, Graduate Studies in
Health Architecture + Health
David Allison FAIA, ACHA: Steve Palmer, Director John Mansure, President Gabriella Mitchell RN, MBA,
Studio Professor and Marketing, Trumpf Medical Consultant and former
Director Graduate Studies in Systems. Jennifer Justice, RN MS ACNS- healthcare Administrator
Architecture +Health. BC
Jeff Saunders, Project Engineer Ross Nicholson, Architectural
John Bartlett, Grad. Student Melinda Brown, RN Supervisor Lighting, Carleton University
Herman Miller Healthcare
Judith Crews, Grad. Student Valerie Douglas, RN Nurse Byron Edwards AIA, ACHA, VP
Roger Call AIA, ACHA, Director Manager and Director of Healthcare
Yu (Echo) Jiang, Grad. Student Healthcare Architecture and Technology Group, LS3P
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
and Design, Herman Miller Spartanburg Regional Architects
Minglu (Luna)Lin, Grad. Student Healthcare Healthcare System.
James Atkinson AIA, VP and
Lisa Marchi, Grad. Student Julie Elliot, IIDA, Compass Juliet Brandau, RN, MSN Healthcare Design Principal,
Technical Sales Specialist, HDR
Andrew Pardue, Grad. Student Herman Miller Healthcare Jill Dugaw, Guest Services
Manager Josh Domingo, A+H Graduate
Shuo Yang, Grad. Student 3Form and Intern Architect, HDR
Myra Whiten, RN BSN
Carleton University School of Chris Hawkins, Technical Sales
Industrial Design: Representative NXT, Inc.
Katie Dill, SC Sales
Thomas Garvey: Course Advisor Representative
and Chair School of Industrial
Design. Solid Surfaces
Tamara Phillips IDC Leyton Watts,

Grad. Student Tiana Bragg, Market Manager -
Commerical, CHBRIGGS
Khulood Alawadi, Undergrad A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT
Jessica Yiu, Undergrad CLEMSON UNIVERSITY + CARLETON UNIVERSITY

c Copyright 2012 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY

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PATIENT ROOM PROTOTYPE v2012

Published 2012 by:

Printed by: LuLu ®

Project Director and Editor: David Allison FAIA, ACHA

Booklet Design and Layout: Andrew Pardue, Graduate Assistant.

Patient Room Prototype v2012

1.0 PROJECT SCOPE & PROCESS 06-15

2.0 DESIGN GOALS & CONCEPTS 16-35

3.0 FABRICATION 36-48

A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT

P r oto ty pe 2007 Prototype 20 0 9

Patient Room Prototype v2012

• Providing a setting that is safe, therapeutic, green and sustainable

DAVID ALLISON_PROFESSOR THOMAS GARVEY_PROFESSOR

Patient Room Prototype v2012

LISA MARCHI SHUO YANG

A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT

LECTURES TESTING COLLABORATIVE

Patient Room Prototype v2012

1.0 Project Scope and Background

A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT

MAY+summer APRIL MARCH FEBRUARY JANUARY SEMESTER CALENDAR

Patient Room Prototype v2012

1.0 Project Scope and Background

SEMESTER CALENDAR JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY+summer

Final Report Due

A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT

Primary View Healthcare equipment visits Design brainstorming

Herman Miller; Compass system Sanya Arts Space: Cabrio In

Patient Room Prototype v2012

1.0 Project Scope and Background

A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT

Family Zone Staff Zone Dead Space Nurses Work Area

Facility layout and rooms where students stayed

Greer Memorial Hospital: Typical Patient Room Layout: 250 SQFT

Patient Room Prototype v2012

1.0 Project Scope and Background

A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT

Patient Room Prototype v2012

1.0 Project Scope and Background

A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT

Patient Room Prototype v2012

2.0 DESIGN GOALS & CONCEPTS 16-35

Safety and Sanitation

2.0 Design Goals & Concepts

Comfort and Control

A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT

DROP HOLE FOR TRASHCAN

STEP-DOWN ACUITY LEVEL

OVERFLOW GUEST SEATS

VISITORS’ WINDOW SEAT

WORK SURFACE FOR STAFF

ACUITY ADAPTABLE HEADWALL

Patient Room Prototype v2012

Creates views of natural

A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH + DESIGN PROJECT

Phys ical Need s: Connect to ceiling

-4 Oxygen (two on each side)

-Task lighting (near gases)

-Staff and patient controls