Ucsp-Learning-Module Quarter 1 Week 1
Ucsp-Learning-Module Quarter 1 Week 1
Ucsp-Learning-Module Quarter 1 Week 1
The learners…
Discuss the Nature, Goals and Perspectives in/of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political
Science.
This lesson covers Man’s Social and Cultural Backgrounds, which the students will able to
understand human cultural variations and social change, Significance of studying Culture, Society, and
politics in order to appreciate the different components that are essential to the total development of a
human person, and The Rationale of Studying Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology which is
essential in giving an overview on man’s early development.
MOTIVATION
State your initial ideas about UCSP. You can write about:
3 things that come to mind when you hear the words “CULTURE, SOCIETY, and POLITICS”
2 expectation from the subject.
1 Filipino Identity that is different from the other nationality.
(Note: After posting your entry, you may read/react to the entries of your classmates in Genyo Shared
Blog)
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DISCUSSION
2. Counterculture- is a group whose values and norms place it at odds with mainstream society
or group that actively rejects dominant cultural values norms. In most Western countries, the
1960’s saw the rise of different countercultural groups and social movements that sought to
dismantle the different inequalities that were then part of the dominant culture.
Social Differences
Social Differences is a distinction made between social groups and persons on the basis of
biological, physiological and sociocultural. These are the complex differences that includes: class, role,
culture, age, ability, sex, etc. This can create discrimination among individuals on the basis of their
social characteristic.
Change is an enduring force in history, is inevitable as this takes place from time to time.
Changes is generally pervasive and takes place in culture, society, and politics. Changes in culture
bring change in society and human beings; likewise, changes in society and human beings bring
change in culture and politics.
Social Change refer to variations or modifications in the patterns of social organization, of sub-
groups within a society, or of the entire society itself. There are three causes of social change: invention,
discovery, and diffusion.
Invention is often defined as a new combination or a new use of existing knowledge. Discovery
on the other hand, takes place when people reorganized existing elements of the world they had not
noticed before or learned to see in a new way. Diffusion refers to the spread of culture traits from one
group to another.
In our society today, we can see a lot of changes and
developments that affect our life. Machines have made our work
easier. Computers have allowed us to communicate with more people
faster. Genetic engineering has helped us produce disease resistant
plants. Changes such as these have resulted in modernization of
nation-states. Nation-state is a sovereign state whose citizen s or
subjects have a common culture. They speak the same language,
have a common descent, and share a common history. Having
citizens with common culture, the nation-state, therefore, is a major
component of personal identity. Personal Identity is the concept you
develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life. A
naturalized Filipina in Japan, may identify herself as a Filipina,
having come from a nation-state called the Philippines and possessing the culture of most Filipinos.
However, another Filipina may identify herself as a Muslim because of her Islamic tradition. Her
identification of herself as a Muslim may be considered political if her objective is to make a statement
that she belongs to a different political group in our nation-state. Our personal identity is both cultural
and political which is guided by our personal encounters or experiences.
Watch a video on YouTube entitled “What are identity politics?” to understand the
political identities
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9x6Qx_zYmk,
(also available in the flash drive provided by the school)
What is Culture?
Culture is generally defined as the sum of an individual’s way of life, ranging from the food he
or she eats, the clothes he or she wears, and the house where he or she lives.
Significance of Culture
• Culture makes it possible for man to adapt and integrate himself to his environment by being
creative and resourceful in coming up with ways and means of survival
• Culture establishes patterns of acceptable behaviour such as etiquette, protocols, good
manners and right conduct, roles and duties, etc. as established by folkways, mores, and laws
• Culture conveys and facilitates meaning through verbal and nonverbal communication, written
and non-written language, forms of expression, and symbolisms.
• Culture produces manmade things such as clothings, tools, instruments, machines, equipment,
structures, etc. made possible by technological know-how
• Culture contributes to overall human satisfaction as we develop ways to make life more
enjoyable, more comfortable, easier, and more rewarding such as recreational activities, leisure,
entertainment and arts, etc.
What is Politics?
Politics refers to the “theory, art, and practice of government”. The political institution is a
relatively stable cluster of statuses, general norms, and role behavior, which are involved in the
acquisition and exercise of power and decision making in society.
Also, Haque defines politics in different ways but whatever definition is attached to it, there are
four important points inherent to it:
a. Politics is a collective activity
b. Politics presumes an initial diversity of views
c. Politics involves reconciling differences
Sociology
According to Joseph Fichter, sociology is the study of patterned, shared human behavior. It
analyses human interaction which is essential in understanding man’s cultural make-up. The study of
sociology broadens the experience of individuals as they learn to discard prejudices and become
more understanding of the customs of other people and realize that truth is relative and “good” or
“bad” behavior depends upon the norms of conduct of the society in which behavior takes place
(Panopio, 1994 p2.)
Anthropology
It is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his works, his body,
his behaviors and values, in time and spaces (Palispis, 2007, p6). It also includes man’s physical,
social, and cultural development that describes and explains the phenomenon of human life.
Anthropology helps by providing insights into strange aspects of past or even present societies which
historians and sociologists find difficult to comprehend and explain.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcRqWbhwSq4&t=44s,
(also available in the flash drive provided by the school)
Political Science
Political Science is a systematic study of a state and its government, with the relationship of men
in the community., with relations of men and groups to the state itself, and with the relations of a state
with other sovereign state abroad (Palispis, 2009, p14) It emphasizes the use of power, interest,
influence, and diplomacy which is important in creating a well-ordered society.
According to Ricardo Lazo, the primary goal of Political Science is citizenship education. It
requires the students to understand and appreciate the duties and obligations of being a member of a
society. Political Science includes core competencies, knowledge and skills that help earners become
participative and productive members of the community.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
✓ Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (2018), Phoenix Publishing House by Antonio P.
Contreras, PhD, et. al. pp.6-26
✓ Social, Cultural, and Political Change Examples
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1_mWqXhq4TS3p9QkzFDu4X8k6W2NUMobw
✓ An Introduction to the discipline of Anthropology (video clip)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aglbgTEig
9. These are groups that have specific cultural traits that i. CIETHTYNI
set them apart from the dominant culture.
10. It is the sum of an individual’s way of life. j. CEPEXTIOLITYNA
• Using a word processing software/Google Docs, copy then complete the tables below.
• Name your file as UCSP-Full name-DRC (ex. UCSP-Dela Cruz, Juan-DRC)
• Save your work in your sections’ UCSP Google Drive Folder>Individual Work.
• Create your own folder in the UCSP Google Drive Folder, use this format to name your folder
UCSP-Section-FULLNAME (ex. UCSP-St. Paul the First Hermit-Dela Cruz, Juan).
• You only have 1hr. to finish the task.
B. Complete the data retrieval chart to show deeper understanding of the lesson.
How can the discipline
provide explanation
Social Science Historical and address social
Discipline Definition Main Concerns Development inequality, cultural
diversity, and social
diversity?
Sociology
Anthropology
Political Science
“We may have different religions, different languages, different colored skin, but we all belong to one human race.”
-Kofi Annan
The learners…
Analyze the concept, aspects and changes in/of culture and society.
In the previous lesson, we discussed the importance of anthropology, political science, and
sociology as tools in understanding society and culture. In this chapter, we will look closely at the nature
of culture and society primarily from the vantage point of anthropology and sociology.
MOTIVATION
Photo Analysis
Examine the image and identify the concepts that you can associate with culture and society. Write
your answers with explanations in the table below.
CULTURE SOCIETY
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The relationship between society, culture, and personality is stressed by Ralph Linton: “A society
is an organized group of individuals. A culture is an organized group of learned responses. The
individual is a living organism capable of independent thought, feeling, and action, but his independence
is limited and all his resources are profoundly modified by contact with the society and culture in which
he develops.”
A society cannot exist apart from culture. A society is always made of persons and their
groupings. People carry and transmit culture, but they are not culture. No culture can exist except as it
is embodied in a human society; no society can operate without cultural directives. Like matter and
energy, like mind and body, culture and society are interdependent and interactive yet they express
different aspects of the human situation. One must always keep in mind the interdependence and the
reciprocal relationships between culture and society. Each is a distinguishable concept in which the
pattern and organization of the whole is more important than any of the component parts.
SOCIETY AS A FACTICITY
Society is formally defined as constituting a fairly large number of people who are living in the
same territory, are relatively independent of people outside their area, and participate in a common
culture. The definition simply means that society only exist if there are people interacting and their
interaction constitute the process that defines society.
We can liken society to a deity. A deity or God is supposed to possess the tripartite (i.e.,
threefold) powers received for him alone -omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence (all-powerful, all-
knowing, and everywhere). The analogy of society to a God suggests the immense power of society to
make or unmake lives of people. Society is all-powerful because it ‘agents’ control and runs the
machinery of social control. It is all-knowing because its ‘library’ keeps all the possible knowledge and
collects the memory of the people who form it. It is everywhere because its ‘spies’ are scattered in the
four corners of the land.
If we are to translate the tripartite powers of society to the language of the social sciences, then
we can look at this way:
Culture is a people’s way of life. This classic definition appears generic, yet it prefigures both the
processes and structures that account not only for the development of such a way of life, but also for
the inherent system that lend it its self-perpetuating nature. This is perhaps the reason why E.B. Taylor
describes culture as “that complex whole, which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes,
laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that the person learns and shares as a
member of the society.”
The “complex whole” in the above paragraph suggest that culture cannot be simply broken down
into a set of attributes. It means that an understanding of a part can only be achieved (or is only possible)
in relation to the other part of the system. This then requires an approach where one can, all
Analyze the table and answer the guide questions below based from your understanding.
Anthropology Sociology
The WHAT The HOW The WHY
Refers to the Refers to the processes Refers to the reasons for compliance and the
contents of culture that guarantee the mechanisms that facilitate performance
transmission of the
contents
Actions Learned Through socialization/enculturation:
Individuals are exposed to and experience
lessons in everyday interactions. The
lessons are practical and address their
basic social needs.
Language Shared Through conformity:
Actions of individuals are routinized and
institutionalized in contexts like family,
church, schools, and government. In time,
they become part of their habits.
Attitude Through social control:
Conformity, or its absence thereof, is
meted out through the system of giving
Communicated rewards and imposing punishments.
Guide Questions:
1. How does anthropology explain the “what” and the “how” of culture?
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(*You can write or type your answer using the template available in the flash drive. Save your work in
your UCSP Gdrive individual folder with the file name “UCSP-A1-Your Full Name” (ex. UCSP-A1-
DelaCruz, Juan) or pass your work along with the flash drive at the end of the week.)
Culture is a composite or multifarious area that comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes,
laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and share as a member
of society.
1. Language
A group of words or ideas having common meaning and is shared to a social situation is called
language. Language is the entrance to a culture. Language is a set of socially sound pattern, words,
and sentences having specific meaning and terminology common to the same culture. you can learn
effects of ethnocentrism.
Language is a source of communication and to transmit message from one person to another.
It is the method to mold the behavior and experience of a person. Language differs from culture to
culture and is transmitted from one generation to another.
Language is like a vehicle through which we can carry out our complex social activities.
Language is the foundation of a culture and ticket to the entrance of a social life. Animal have not culture
because they have no specific language to transmit worlds to others. So, language is the key to open
a social life of an individual with some special characteristics.
2. Symbols
Culture is a system of symbols. Symbols are anything used to represent express and stand for
an event situation. Symbols direct to guide our behavior. It is used to show an event of past, present or
future. For example, the heap of ash shows that the something has been burnt or the wet street shows
that it has rained.
Bowing head, whistling, winkling of eyes situation, all are the symbols, which express a specific
object idea about other. BaithUllah is the symbol of God and we pray to it. American Shake their hand
to answer for No. Other examples are flag, anthem, picture, statues are symbols. Symbols are the short
expression for the identification of an object or situation.
3. Norms
Norms as elements of culture are the rules and the guidelines which specify the behavior of an
individual. Norms keep a person within the boundary of society and its culture. It gives us restriction
about something which to do and which not to do. It molds our behavior and gives as knowledge about
wrong and right. Norms can be divided into:
a. Folkways. Folkways are the simple customary ways of the people. It is the normal and
habitual action of people within a culture. Folkways are the recognized or accepted ways of
behavior. These are the behavior pattern which a person use generally in his daily life.
b. Mores. Mores is a Latin word and the plural of mos which means customs or beliefs
accordance with a group customary expectation. It is the “must” behavior of a person. Mores
4. Values
Anything getting importance in our daily life becomes our values. The origin of values is not
biological but it is social production while living in society the values develop. Values depend upon the
culture. Culture varies from society to society and thus values are different in every social situation.
Values are what we like and what we say will in our society values are the good idea and thinking of a
person.
Some values are hereditary which we gain from our elders, books and parents. The culture is
full of values and can transmit from one generation to another. When a natural object get a meaning it
becomes a value.
5. Beliefs
Every sect within a culture having some beliefs for cultural refuge. These beliefs are responsible
fro the spiritual fulfillment of needs and wants. Muslims believe in God, Holly Prophet, The Day of
Judgment, recitation of Holly Quran, Hajj etc.
Sikh wear bangle in one hand, bear a long beard, keeping a dagger. Cross for Christians and a
necklace or a cotton thread around nick, the water of ganga and are sacred for Hindus.
6. Cognitive Elements
Cognitive elements of culture are those though which an individual know how to cope with an
existing social situation. How to survive, how make shelter from storms and other natural calamities,
how to travel and transport etc. are the practical knowledge which make a culture. Such knowledge is
carefully thought to every generation.
Read Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (2018), Phoenix Publishing House, Antonio P.
Contreras, PhD, et.al. pp. 54-60 or Characteristics and Functions of Culture PDF file available in the
flash drive then complete the table below. (*You can write or type your answer using the template
available in the flash drive. Save your work in your UCSP Gdrive individual folder with the file name
“UCSP-A2-Your Full Name” (ex. UCSP-A2-DelaCruz, Juan) or pass your work along with the flash drive
at the end of the week.)
Culture is shared.
Culture is learned.
Classification of Culture
a. Material Culture-cultural components that are visible and tangible.
b. Non-material Culture-components of culture that are intangible or without representation.
2 categories of nonmaterial culture
1. Cognitive-include the ideas, concepts, philosophies, design etc. that are products of the
mental or intellectual functioning of the human mind.
2. Normative- includes all the expectations, standards and rules for human behavior.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
✓ Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (2018), Phoenix Publishing House by Antonio P.
Contreras, PhD, et. al. pp.40-60
Instruction:
1. In this activity you watch the movie Ded na si Lolo. A copy is available in the flash drive.
2. You may start answering the table while watching the film.
3. After watching the film, start to answer the guide questions.
Guide Questions:
1. What came to your mind as you watched the video? How did you feel after watching the video?
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3. Are these themes universal? Are these themes present in different societies? Are these themes
present in our own setting?
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(*You can write or type your answer using the template available in the flash drive. Save your work in your UCSP
Gdrive individual folder with the file name “UCSP-SECTION-Your Full Name-FVA” (ex. UCSP-St. Paul the First
Hermit-DelaCruz, Juan-FVA) or pass your work along with the flash drive at the end of the week.)
DEMONSTRATION/EVALUATION
ANATOMY OF MY CULTURE
(Individual Activity)
Directions: In column A, identify any of your behavior as a Filipino teenager. Then in column B, explain
how you came to imbibe them. In column C, offer an explanation why its performance (if behavior)
seem to be natural to you or why you believe it (if it is a belief).
A B C
The HOW The WHY
The WHAT Refers to the process of Refers to the mechanisms that
Refers to the contents of culture transmission and promote compliance and
circulation performance
(*You can write or type your answer using the template available in the flash drive. Save your work in your UCSP
Gdrive individual folder with the file name “UCSP-SECTION-Your Full Name-AMC” (ex. UCSP-St. Paul the First
Hermit-DelaCruz, Juan-AMC) or pass your work along with the flash drive at the end of the week.)
The learners…
Each culture differs from another as each defines reality differently. As a result, some people
find it difficult to get along with or understand other people’s ways of thinking and doing. Moreover,
each group tends to believe that its view of reality is right and proper and anything outside its context
is absolutely the opposite.
MOTIVATION
WORD SEARCH
T I M E O C G E N O C I D E A N A T O M Y
H E R I T A U L A N G U A G E T H N C I O
R S E E G A A L O C A L B E H A V I O N U
E Y E T P O L I T I C S O C I E T Y W T R
A M A H H L I T Y U N D E R S T A N A A B
T B L N A I M P L I C I T D I N G G Y N A
S O I O S I X E N O C E N T R I S M O G N
O L S C E G E N D E R N R A T I O N F I I
C I M E T H E O R Y E S T E A T E E L B Z
I C O N F L I C T C T A Y L L O R C I L A
O I A T H E B E R T S P E N C A E R F E T
L N N R P E R S P E C T I V E A T O E R I
O T T I N A T I O N A L I T Y P P V O N O
G E H S C F U N C T I O N A L I S M I O N
Y R R M E X P L I C I T S H A R E A C S M
E A O A R E N A T E R R I T O R I I H O M
M C P S U R V I V A L F U N C B T T A C P
I T O T E C H N O L O G Y S O C I N N I E
L I L B T A N G I B L E I H N E T E G E R
X O O S Y S T E M O B I P L I T Y M E T S
F N G D U R K H E I M O V E M E N T R Y P
G I Y E E T H N I C N G R O U P G O V E E
C S C I E N C E T E X C E P T I O N A L I
K M K A R M A R X G L A D I A T O R T Y V
L E C U L T U R A L H E R I T A G E N D E
Direction: Circle the 10 words listed below. Words appear vertical, horizontal and diagonal.
ETHNOCENTRISM INTANGIBLE
CULTURE RELATIVISM FUNCTIONALISM
XENOCENTRISM CONFLICT
XENOPHOBIA SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE
Use the table below to integrate the assumptions of the different theories.
Structural Functionalism
Conflict Theory
Symbolic Interactionism
(*Write or type your answer using the template available in the flash drive. Save your work in your
UCSP Gdrive individual folder with the file name “UCSP-A3-Your Full Name” (ex. UCSP-A3- DelaCruz,
Juan) or pass your work along with the flash drive at the end of the week.)
Ethnocentrism
• The word ethno comes from the Greeks and it refers to people, nation, or cultural grouping.
Centric, on the other hand comes from Latin and refers to the “center”. The term ethnocentrism
then refers also to the tendency of each society to place its own culture patterns at the center of
things.
• Ethnocentrism is the practice of comparing other cultural practices with those of one’s own and
automatically finding those other cultural practices to be inferior. In other words, it is the act of
evaluating other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs
of one’s own culture.
• It is a perception that arises from the fact that cultures differ and each culture defines reality
differently.
• Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture
• Ethnocentrism is the practice of comparing other cultural practices with those of one’s own and
automatically finding those other cultural practices to be inferior. In other words, it is the act of
When do we become ethnocentric and what is our way out? Take note of the following:
1. When you judge the behaviour and beliefs of people who are different from you.
Way out: To stop ethnocentric behaviour, you must stop judging others who are different from you.
2. When you believe that there are primitive cultures, especially if their way of life is different from
yours.
Way out: Ethnocentrism is taught. You have to unlearn that your culture is superior and all other
cultures are inferior.
3. When you believe that some cultures are backward if they lack the technology and consumerism of
your own culture.
Way out: Remember that there are no primitive or backward cultures. All culture provides their
members with the means for meeting all human needs.
Cultural Relativism
• The idea that all norms, beliefs, and values are dependent on their cultural context and should
be treated as such.
• A key component of cultural relativism is the concept that no body, not even researchers, comes
from a neutral position. The way to deal them and use the awareness that we are not neutral to
inform our conclusions.
• In a way, cultural relativism is a belief that maintain it does not matter whether cultures are either
equal or different because equality and similarity do not necessarily translate to real or imagined
inferiority/superiority of cultures out there. As an attitude, cultural relativism promotes greater
cultural relativism is a good way to rehearse the norms and values of society- a requirement that
one must subscribe regardless of his or her cultural origin.
To mitigate the negative effects of ethnocentrism, it has been suggested that cultural relativity be
popularized. Advocates of cultural relativity or relativism assert that cultures must be viewed and
analyzed on their own terms, in the context of their own societal setting. No culture should be
considered better than another; different cultures should be accepted, tolerated, and appreciated rather
than condemned.
Moreover, appreciating and accepting the uniqueness of one society’s cultural trait does not mean
that universal human moral traits of right or wrong no longer apply. For instance, cultural traits that
promote subjugation of women by hurting or killing them do not necessarily mean that they are right by
virtue of one society’s inner logic. There are underlying patterns of human cultural traits that are
common and universally acceptable to humanity. The violent subjugation and elimination of human life
or traits are broadly unacceptable to the rest of humanity. Through a relativist approach consciously
balanced by a universalist understanding of what is humanely acceptable, the dangers of ethnocentrism
can be addressed.
Since we are dealing with behaviors that result in evaluation of culture, we need to include two
related concepts-xenocentrism and xenophobia.
Xenocentrism refers to a preference for the foreign. In this sense, it is the exact opposite of
ethnocentrism. It is characterized by a strong belief that one’s own products, styles, or ideas are inferior
to those which originate elsewhere. For xenocentric individuals, the exotic has a special charm which
the familiar can never achieve. It is based on the glamour of the strange and faraway and the prestige
of distant centers. One clear indication of the existence of xenocentrism is our preference for imported
goods. Filipinos seem happy to pay more for imported goods on the assumption that anything from
abroad is better.
Xenophobia, on the other hand, is the fear of what is perceived as foreign or strange.
Xenophobia can be seen in the relations and perceptions of an in-group toward an out-group. It may
include fear of losing identity, suspicion of the other group’s activities, aggression, and the desire to
Culture as Heritage
In studying culture, it is important to determine its form. A good portion of culture is visible and
tangible since it consists of a huge number of products conceived and manufactured by people.
Tangible cultural heritage includes all material objects, such as artifacts, buildings or landscapes,
tools, furniture, bridges, and any physical substance which has been changed and used by people. The
other form of culture is non-material or intangible. It consists of abstractions that include knowledge,
beliefs, values, rules for behavior, traditional skills and technologies, religious ceremonies, performing
arts, and storytelling. Both the tangible and intangible forms of culture, according to the United Nations,
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), are considered as “cultural heritage”.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
✓ Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (2018), Phoenix Publishing House by Antonio P.
Contreras, PhD, et. al. pp.60-64
✓ Structural-Functionalhttps://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-sociology/chapter/functionalism/
✓ Conflict Theory https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/conflict-theory.asp
✓ Symbolic Interactionism https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-sociology/chapter/reading-
symbolic-interactionist-theory/
✓ Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlXAeOnU520
PRACTICE/ENRICHMENT
Advantages Disadvantages
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
(*You can write or type your answer using the template available in the flash drive. Save your work in your UCSP
Gdrive individual folder with the file name “UCSP-SECTION-Your Full Name-CH” (ex. UCSP-St. Paul the First
Hermit-DelaCruz, Juan-CH) or pass your work along with the flash drive at the end of the week.)
DEMONSTRATION/EVALUATION
Genocide Events
This research-based activity. List down three notorious genocide events in history. You may consider
past and modern events. Try to describe each event in terms of the following items: (p.67)
(*You can write or type your answer using the template available in the flash drive. Save your work in your UCSP
Gdrive individual folder with the file name “UCSP-SECTION-Your Full Name-GE” (ex. UCSP-St. Paul the First
Hermit-DelaCruz, Juan-GE) or pass your work along with the flash drive at the end of the week.