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PRACTICE TEST 66
I. Find the word that has underlined part pronounced differently
1. A. cherish B. champagne C. parachute D. chauffeur
2. A. hatred B. rugged C. wicked D. privileged
3. A. Guinness B. refuge C. recipe D. sacred
4. A. bomber B. climber C. plumber D. timber
5. A. tricycle B. typical C. lyric D. recycle
II. Find the word that stress pattern different
6. A. triumphant B. preface C. alternative D. tycoon
7. A. postpone B. refrigerator C. interpret D. communist
8. A. register B. idiot C. preeminence D. company
9. A. lucrative B. applicant C. graffiti D. commerce
10. A. conquest B. obstacle C. combatant D. manageress
III. There are ten mistakes in the following passage. Find and correct them. Follow the example.
Example: 0. them - themselves
How Music Affects Your Child
Most obviously, those exposing to weekly general music classes or private 1...........
instrumental or vocal lessons will find an outlet for their creativity and self-
expression. Therefore, a closer, more-scientific look at music will show that the 2...........
advantages are indeed much greater than just increased creativity.
Research has showed that learning a musical instrument and merely 3...........
learning how to read music assists a child in developing higher thinking
skills, such as problem-solving and problem-finding, analysis, and
evaluation. A child who learns to understand the aspects of reading music,
including notation, key signatures, and other items found on a piece of music
as well as the child who develops the ability following the sequence of notes, 4......'.....
is using the same portion of the brain-that is used in mathematics thinking. 5...........
Gifted musicians, it's reported, are often gifted mathematicians as well.
Those who study music diligently also develop self-discipline. The
serious music student who sets up time to practice each day will develop 6...........
similar positive habits in other subjects. Organizational skills are better,
grades are higher, and children learn what it takes to excel at something.
Participate in group musical activities builds teamwork, and students 7...........
learn that working together as a group is essential to the production of a
good finishing product. They learn to rely on others and to be relied upon. 8...........
Teamwork also promotes responsibility; i.e. if you're the only trumpet in the
band, you need to show up for rehearsing no matter what! 9...........
They’ll also come to understand that music is the threat that binds them 10..........
together with the world, as clich as it may sound. Music is indeed
the universal language but it also helps children to learn about cultural heritage,
their own as well as others, and gives them an insight into history.
IV. Choose the best answer
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence
1.I don't like Anthony, he seems to take too much .............................. in criticizing everyone.
A. joy B. fascination C. pleasure D. entertainment
2. My family has gone to Edinburgh to pay their last .............................. to uncle Tony who died last Thursday.
A. sympathy B. respects C. love D. honours
3. It .............................. us only a quarter of an hour to reach the residence from the bus stop.
A. needed B. lasted C. required D. took
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4. If you’re planning to leave the office earlier............................... in mind to tell me about it in advance.
A. bear B. put C. hold D. carry
5............................... who wish to ask for the writer’s signature stand in a line, please.
A. These B. They C. Those D. There
6. A few passengers were .............................. after the liner overturned in a storm.
A. plunged B. drowned C. watered D. submerged
7. Hats like this may have been fashionable in the 60's, but now they are .............................. the times.
A. beneath B. under C. over D. behind
8. Who else is of the .............................. that we should break the camp?
A. conclusion B. opinion C. remark D. theory
9. The sergeant was furious because he hadn't been .............................. of the manoeuvres.
A. notified B. announced C. referred D. communicated
10. The local press has been pouring .............................. on the mayor for dissolving the council.
A. blame B. hatred C. disapproval D. scorn
11. I'm .............................. too keen on visiting the Parkers again so soon.
A. that B. none C. such D. very
12. It's no wonder the children felt disappointed because first their parents promised to take them to Disneyland
and then they .............................. on their word.
A. played down B. drew out C. came off D. went back
13. The army suffered very heavy ...............................yet, their victory was imposing.
A. losse B. victims C. wounds D. harms
14. It's a chance of a lifetime for me to see Tokio, so I'll try to .............................. the most of it.
A. catch B. do C. fulfil D. make
15. The Smiths have been..............................guilty of kidnapping their neighbour's child and have been
sentenced to ten years in prison.
A. confessed B. affirmed C. found D. established
16. They are as like as two peas. It’s amazing how their parents can .............................. them apart.
A. tell B. mean C. distinguish D. see
17. Do you think this kind of meat .............................. itself to stewing?
A. allows B. gives C. offers D. lends
18. It was Martin who .............................. the initiative in introducing our guests to the princess.
A. adopted B. took C. led D. pursued
19. Martha has been hard .............................. to it to organize a fancy dress party for the younger children.
A. forced B. ordered C. put D. made
20. Only one person who can provide the best solution to the question will be promoted and..............................
a financial grant.
A. served B. equipped C. entitled D. awarded
V. Complete the passage
The weather across much of the British Isles (0).....settled last week, with a good (1) ..... of sunshine. On
Saturday, the lunchtime temperature at Bridlington on the north-east (2).....of England was 28.2°C, which
compared favourably with Alicante in southern Spain at 29°C. The (3).....of the world, however, was coping
with some (4).....conditions. A tropical storm, given the name Helen, hit Hong Kong on Saturday morning,
though her presence had been (5).....in advance. From noon on Friday, the showers and (6)..... of rain became
more and more frequent so that by midnight on Sunday, thirty-six hours (7)....., there had been 333 mm of
rainfall, not far off the (8)..... for the month of August, at 367 mm. Even on Sunday there was a (9).....in Helen’s
tail. The town centre of Shanwei, near Hong Kong, was (10).....when 468 mm of rain fell in the sixty hours
leading up to midday on Sunday, (11)..... twice the normal August rainfall. On the other (12).....of the globe,
tropical storm Gabrielle moved across the Gulf of Mexico and overnight rain (13)..... the usual rainfall for the
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(14).....month. Although most of Europe enjoyed sun, the high temperatures were sufficient to set off some
(15).....showers.
0 A kept B remained C lasted D held
1 A extent B quantity C proportion D deal
2 A shore B coast C sands D beach
3 A residue B remnant C rest D remains
4 A extreme B extravagant C excessive D exaggerated
5 A waited B found C felt D warned
6 A outbursts B outbreaks C outputs D outlets
7 A after B plus C later D more
8 A general B standard C medium D average
9 A sting B prick C stab D poke
10 A drowned B flooded C immersed D overflowed
11 A only B fairly C hardly D nearly
12 A section B side C face D part
13 A overtook B exceeded C passed D beat
14 A total B sole C single D whole
15 A huge B weighty C heavy D strong
On Tuesday morning, a thunderstorm at Lyons in eastern France deposited 99 mm of rain in just six hours.
There are various types of pollution in the world. The most 1._____ _ one is air pollution. It is caused mostly by
factories which exude smoke. This smoke polltues the atmosphere 2._____dust and cinder which can cause
various types of diseases like lung cancer, heart failure and sinus infection 3._____inhaled.
Carbon monoxide from exhaust 4._____of vehicles is also very dangerous and can cause instant death when
inhaled in 5._____amount.
Water pollution is the pollution that occurs in the rivers, seas, oceans, lakes, and other waterways. Water
pollution is normally caused by the 6._____of waste like garbage and faeces. The marine life in these waters
will be affected. Some sea creatures perish while others 7._____the toxic extracts of the poisonous waste in
their fat glands. When human beings eat these creatures, they will 8. _____fall ill or die. In Japan alone, every
year, thousands of people suffer 9._____strange diseases due to mecury poisoning. Others lose their mental
10.____ or meet their deaths.
1. A. widespread B. extensive C. intensive D.expanding
2. A. through B. in C. by D. with
3. A. after B. when C. once D.upon
4. A. tubes B. tracts C. pipes D.sprayer
5. A. tremendous B. unlimited C. exceeding D. excessive
6. A. throwing B. pouring C. dumping D. discarding
7. A. stock B. store C. hold' D. contain
8. A. either B. both C. equally D. constantly
9. A. by B. from C. through D. with
10 .A. aptitude B. competence C. ability D. capacity
VI. Read the passage carefully and complete it with ONE suitable word
The final part (0).....our journey started at Gudbrandsdalen, said by many to be the most beautiful of (16).....the
valleys in Norway. (17).....was a wonderful landscape, the more so (18).....being dotted with centuries- old
wooden farmhouses, scrupulously maintained in their original condition. At Ringebu the view broadened out
and the first high peaks and glaciers came (19).....view. This view continued to dominate the trip as the train
passed through the little village of Dovre, at the foot of the mountains which give this railway (20).....name -
the Dovre Line. The village lies close (21).....the pretty village of Dombas, where the track divides. We were
heading north, travelling (22).....a pass and descending into country (23).....was now more tundra-like,
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(24).....only occasional birch trees and mountain huts. From time to time we saw (25).....lone skier, and once we
spotted a man fishing through a hole drilled in the ice.
That made us think of food and we made (26).....way to the restaurant car. We continued through the tundra, the
snow sometimes broken (27).....tracks of elk or reindeer. Although we were not lucky (28).....to see any, we
(29).....see a pair of arctic hares later on. In no time at all, we found we (30).....arrived in Trondheim.
Animals that produce large amounts of offspring depend 1._____the sheer size of the litter for the perpetuation
of their species. The young mature very quickly and are not educated, as the parents 2._______ usually
involved with obtaining their own food and with reproduction. 3.____ some of the offspring become
endangered, the parent will not interfere, because it is not expected that all the young survive, which is the
reason 4.____a large litter. One animal that produces large litters is the hamster. A female hamster is able to
bear young 5._____she is six weeks to two months old. The gestation period is about 16 days. 6._____ an
average litter size is from five to ten, hamsters commonly have as few as three or as many as a dozen offspring
at a 7._____. Mothers will sometimes eat their own young, particularly when the number of offspring is
8._____. Females may produce litters up to an age of about 15 months at monthly intervals. 9._ blind, hairless
young begin to grow fur in two to three days. Their eyes open after about two weeks. After ten days they begin
eating solid food, though the mother will continue to nurse them for about two more weeks. 10._____captivity,
a typical hamster may live for two to three years.
VII. Give the correct form of the word
Being a Theatre Director
The director has overall responsibility for the (0)..... side of a production and must conduct all the (1)..... and
keep an eye on all the backstage and technical departments involved.
Directors tend to have strong personalities and can be (2)... ... But the success or (3).... . of a play is in their
hands.
It is their job to draw out the (4)..... qualities in the actors in order to get the best (5)..... from them. Some
directors let actors decide on their own (6)..... while others give detailed instructions as to how they want the
parts to be played.
Some directors also take on (7) .... . duties, such as planning a season’s programme and supervising the budget.
(0) ART (1) REHEARSE (2) TEMPERAMENT
(3) FAIL (4) IMAGINE (5) RESPOND
(6) INTERPRET (7) MANAGER
World of Knowledge
This book breaks new ground in the (8)..... method it uses to present information to the reader. The unique page
design combines (9)..... with an alphabetical reference section to provide an instant understanding of any topic,
together with more in-depth treatment of the subject matter. At the foot of each page is a reference section,
which gives articles which define or (10)..... on the topic discussed. Within each reference section, the reader is
directed to (11)..... information through cross-referencing to other (12)......The incomparable quality of the text
and the (13)..... of its presentation, ensure that this book can be read both for (14)..... and for the most up-to-date
(15)..... of the subject.
(8) DISTINCT (9) NARRATE (10) LARGE
(11) FAR (12) ENTER (13) ORIGINAL
(14) ENJOY (15) COVER
16. However_____the offer was, he would never agree to sell his business. (TEMPT)
17. The symtoms of Attention Deficiency Disorder include_____and having difficulty getting organized, as
well as becoming distracted. (ATTEND.
18. During the festival,_____were hanging from every tree. (DECORATE) :
19. The____ of her dress was in sharp contrast to the mansion she called home. ’ (SIMPLE)
20. It's difficult for a sloppy person to live with a_____. (PERFECT)
21. Her crude remarks and_____made his company undesirable (SENSE)
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22. Some people show_____attitude toward the misery of others, totally untouched by their suffering.
(PASSION)
23. Politicians_____blame the media if they don’t win the election. They’re so predictable. (VARY)
24. The stain on her dress was_____, but Margaret felt uncomfortable about it. (CONSPICUOUS)
25. It was a_____act, and he should be jailed immediately. (CONTEMPT)
Fill in each blank of the following passage with the correct form of the word in brackets.
Marie Curie was one of the 26. (accomplish)_____scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre, she
discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other radioactive
substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable 27. (collaborate)_____later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the early age, she
displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality.
Her great 28. (exuberate)_____for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She
became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. 29.
(Determine)_____to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a
French university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of
whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many 30. (produce)_____years
working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a
horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible 31. (fortune) __ ___and endured 32.
(heart)_____anguish. Despondently she recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in
scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress’
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics
professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a 33. (profess)_____at the world-famous
university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie
eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became 34. (illusion) _____
about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to 35.
(reveal)_____the mysteries of the physical world.
36. The teacher’s criticism has ____________________ Tom’s interest in learning. (DIE)
37. The staff’s bad behaviour has brought ____________________ to the whole company. (GRACEFUL)
38. Panda is ____________________ to China only. (NATION)
39. Traditional ____________________ are a good source of fun and entertainment. (CELEBRATE)
40. The public were angry with the Minister’s ____________________ to tell the truth about the bribery.
(REFUSE)
41. Young children should be well aware of their ____________________ manner. (BEHAVE)
42. Please put the books back to where you took them. Don’t ____________________ any of them. (PLACE)
43. The ____________________ are scheduled to take off at 15:00 and 15:30. (FLY)
44. I’ve never met such a strong man. His energy seems ____________________. (EXHAUST)
45. Those rose bushes need protection. Spray them with ____________________. (INSECT)
46. He accepted the offer ____________________. He didn’t want the job very much. (VOLUNTEER)
47. Most people agree that celebrations have become too ____________________. (COMMERCE)
48. Going swimming every day would have very ____________________ effects. (BENEFIT)
49. The fuel ____________________ of this car is rather high. (CONSUME)
50. Local people assembled to welcome back their ____________________ army. (TRIUMPH)
51. A(n) ____________________ figure suddenly appeared in front of us. (GHOST)
52. They exchanged the usual ____________________ before getting down to discussing business.
(PLEASURE)
53. Professor Jackson has joined the company, working in the ____________________ section. (ADVICE)
54. The company was hit by a(n) ____________________ of crisis. (SUCCESS)
55. He incurred her ____________________ by refusing her invitation. (PLEASED)
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56. Don’t work too hard and let yourself get ____________________. You’ll end up getting ill. (RUN)
57. He was fined for driving too fast in a(n) ____________________ area. (BUILD)
58. There was only a(n) ____________________ old wall to protect the secret garden from curious
____________________. (BREAK | PASS)
59. ____________________ shoppers can get some wonderful bargains on electrical goods in the new discount
store. (HARD)
60. The athlete strode ____________________ towards the starting line, knowing that he could win the race.
(PURPOSE)
64. The educational system is very ____________________ as the number of university places is limited.
(COMPETE)
62. Training four times a day, seven days a week is ____________________ as it can damage your health.
(ADVICE
VIII. Fill in correct prepositions in each gap
1. He drank so much that he brought his dinner_____in the toilet.
2. If everyone chips_____, we can get the kitchen painted by noon.
3. The woman came_____with her husband's finger prints.
4. I think you’re barking____the wrong tree by blaming Matt for the missing money.
5. I tried to get my point_____to the judge, but she refused to listen.
6. Jason always gets_____with cheating in his math tests.
7. It was so hot in the church that an eldrely lady passed_____.
8. 1 he workforce felt that they had beeii bullied____accepting the new contract by the management.
9. The rain seems to have set_____for the evening.
10. Just before closing, the barman asked the customers to drink_____.
11. Do your coat _ •____before going out. It's very cold outside.
12. If my Dad finds out I had a party. I’ll be_____the creek.
13. After a week on the run, he gave himself_____to the police
14. Don't let your enthusiasm carry you_____
15. The students were slow to catch_____, but gradually they began to understand.
16. I didn’t have a speech prepared. Everything I said was_____the cuff.
17. According to a recent survey, most people are_____good terms with their neighbors.
18. A capacity for growth is inherent_____all people.
19. The tenant is liable_____damages.
20. The second draft was an improvement_____the first.
IX. Complete phrasal verbs
ask out/blow up/ break out of/bring round /call for/ come off /drop out of/ give in /go on /grow out of/ leak
out /make up for/ put up/ run down /sound out
1. This is a maximum security prison. Nobody has ever _________ here.
2. Stop wasting your time. The whole situation __________ an immediate response that could bring more
decisive effects.
3. ___________ your workmates certainly doesn't influence the atmosphere in the office in any positive way, so
I expect you to stop doing that from now on.
4. ___________pressing Eddie and he'll agree to your request, for sure.
5. Hardly anyone would have thought that the boxing champion would ____________after the first round.
6. How are they going to ______________for the time they wasted playing cards in the barracks?
7. My daughter has been ___________to a restaurant by the tall gentleman for the second time this week.
8. The construction is very light and the materials are pretty cheap. The agent claims the house can be
___________within three months.
9.1 like this photograph so much that I'm going to have it ___________.
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10. As far as I know, the ideology of the party doesn't quite appeal to him and that's why he's thinking of
__________ its ranks.
11. The news about Sue's pregnancy _________ quickly despite her efforts to keep it secret.
12. He is not a very outspoken person, so we may find it hard to __________ his opinions.
13.1can't stop thinking there's something more that the scheme needs to _________.
14. Peter used to be fond of collecting mascots, but after his military service he _________________ the hobby.
15. Don't think you can change his approach, he's too stubborn to __________.
Fill in each gap with an appropriate phrasal verb
1. Whole villages have been _______by the floods. .
A. wiped out B. mopped up C. called off D. run down
2. Stuart is a strange man. I cannot ______ him
A. make out B. string along C. root out D. spur on
3. It is a serious operation for a woman as old as my grandmother. She’s very frail. I hope she _______
A. gets away B. comes round C. pulls through D. stands up
4. It’s none of your business; please don’t _______things that don’t concern you.
A. bump into B. meddle with C. tot up D. come across
5. I’m sorry, but I don’t think you and I met before. Are you sure you’re not ______me_____with somebody
else?
A. pairing off B. putting together C. fitting in D. mixing up
6. I’m feeling rather sweaty. Do you mind if I just______ a bit before we go out to dinner?
A. tart myself up B. touch myself up C. liven up D. freshen up
7. It’s really hard work trying to find the right Mr Smith in the London telephone directory: you may have to
______ about thirty pages of Smiths.
!A. wade through B. rip out C. tramp across D. peer at
8. Ruth wanted to go to Cyprus or Rhodes, her husband wanted to go to Scotland, In the end, they ________
Cyprus.
A. hit on B. jumped at C. plumped for D. plumbed into
9. The factory is now fully automated, which means that we have been able to ______ production.
A. run on B. step up C. turn over D. double up
10. I watched a very old professor giving a lecture the other day. He ______ for ages before getting the point.
A. rambled on B. stumbled forward C. went ahead . circled round
IDIOMS
Use your dictionary and explain the meaning of the following proverbs
absence makes the heart grow fonder
action speak louder than words
there’s no poin/ it’s no good crying over spilt mikl
don’t put all your eggs in one baskets
many hands make light work
blood is thicker than water
too many cooks spoil the broth
people who live in glass house shouldn’t throw stones
it’s the last straw that breaks the camel’s back
while the cat’s away, the mice will play
take care of the pennies and the pound will take care of themselves
birds of a feather flock together
a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence
all work and no play makes jack a dull boy
X. Trios
1............................................

• Life in the town_seemed too hectic for him. On the other hand, living on the outskirts was a bit inconvenient.
• In an effort to cut costs the telephone operator established its call_in a foreign country.
• Don’t say that, Jenny. I do adore you. You’re the_of my universe.
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2........................................
• Let’s ask a local where we are because I find it difficult to_that old map of yours.
• Ann’s going to burn the midnight oil tonight. She needs to_up on biology before her exam tomorrow.
• You’ve got to tell me what you’re thinking. I can’t_your mind, can I?
3.........................................
• I don’t trust politicians as a_rule. One can’t be too careful, can they?
• At the end of their investigation the committee came up with a_overview of the banking sector and
recommended some changes.
• The president dissolved the parliament and called for_elections to be held as soon as possible.
4........................................
• The government has come under_from the press for not doing enough to provide people with affordable
housing.
• I told you she would take to him. In fact, they got on like a house on
• Exhausted and soaked, the scouts made a_upon reaching the camp.
5........................................
• The criminal_away with a number of offences in exchange for cooperation with the police.
• My car_stolen when I was holidaying in Poland. Luckily, it was found two days later.
• It was only when Linda_to know them better that she managed to give up her deeply-rooted prejudices.
XI. Writing
1. We were impressed by the new cinema, but we found it rather expensive.
Impressed . ..........................................................
2. Only new computer programs have enabled us to solve many problems quickly and accurately.
Only with the help..................................................
3. I never thought that I could win the first prize in this competition.
It never...........'....................................................
4. He was such a bright student that he could solve all the math problems.
So........................'............................................
5. The snowstorm damaged the fruit crops seriously.
The snowstorm did ........................................................
6. His irresponsible attitude is endangering his career. (JEOPARDY)

7. The teacher got extremely upset when she realized nobody had done the homework. (COW)

8. My husband has had to earn the income since I broke my leg. (BACON)

9. I'm afraid your resume is not good enough for the engineering position. (PAR)

10. I find Harold's behavior quite incomprehensible. (LOSS)

11.That dress has only the slightest mark on it.

I can barely s
12. No one stands a chance of beating Mansell in this year’s championship.
It’s a foregone
13. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.
Were
14. Her success went beyond her expectation.
Never
15. How likely is it she will pass the exam? (CHANCES)

16. He did the puzzle in two minutes. (SOLUTION)

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17. My brother is not feeling terribly well. (UNDER)

18. It will be necessary to pay the full amount when you look. (HAVE)

19. The room seemed to have been unoccupied for weeks.

It looked
20. I didn’t see her again for five years.
Five years
21. People no longer smoke so many cigarettes as they used to.
The smoking
22. The millionaire decided to give away his money to the poor. (PRESENT)

23. There is no ice cream left. (RUN)

24. I had better go back to work. (TIME)

25. He is more a lecturer than a teacher.

He
26. I’m the only child in my family.
My mother gave
27. She was smoking in the bathroom, I went in to the bathroom and knew that. (CAUGHT)

28. He was forced to apologize. (CHOICE)

29. John inflated the tires of his bicycle. (BLEW)

30. Alternative medicine is a complete mystery to some people.

Some people are
31. I’m afraid I’ll be a bit late because something unexpected has happened. CROPPED

32. He’ll probably get here late; he usually does. LIABLE

33. It’s not certain whether I’ll be able to pay the bills this month. TOUCH

34. It’s impossible to predict how long it will take to do this. TELLING

35. When I make my complaint, I hope that you will say you agree with me. BACK

36. Many people believe that the death penalty deters criminals. DETERENT

37. She was nervous about going to the doctor’s, so I went woth her so that she wouldn’t be alone. MORAL

38. He offers them more money to encourage them to do the job quickly. INCENTIVE

39. He has always done things to help her in her career. SUPPORTED

40. Many customs restrictions within the EC have been abolished. AWAY ON

41. Someone suggested that we should stop manufacturing the low-price items.
There.............................................................................................................................
42. He would do almost anything to win the girl's hand, LENGTHS

43. Who's going to supervise our section? IN CHARGE

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44. My son attaches great importance to eating healthy food, MAKES MUCH

45. Alice couldn't remember the caller's identity. .......................................................................................recall

XII. Reading
1. Gapped text
You are going to read a newspaper article about a sport. Six paragraphs have been removed from the
article. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph
which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
After the Frisbee
It used to be as simple as a bit of fun in the park Now the Frisbee is back - and this time it’s serious business
Simon de Burton reports.
Until recently, the name 'Gucci’ was synonymous with expensive handbags and jewelry. Now however, the
company’s 'G-force' slogan has taken on a whole new meaning, with the introduction of the Gucci Flying Disc,
a 20-centimetre diameter circle of semi-flaccid rubber that retails at a smooth £35. This piece of flying fun has
literally taken off, leaving Gucci’s main stores with a waiting list of customers that grows longer by the day.
1
The difference now is that flying discs are no longer the exclusive domain of college students. Frisbee-
throwing has developed into a range or serious sub-sport, from a team game called Ultimate to the unlikely-
sounding disc golf, with distance, accuracy, decathlon and freestyle Frisbee jailing in between.
2
Assistant librarian and disc-throwing fanatic, Brian Dacourt may not quite fit in with the trend in this respect.
He is, however, chair of the World Flying Disc Federation and established the first Ultimate world
championships in 1986 when just six teams took part. This year there were more than 100. ‘It has become a
sport played predominantly by professional people,’ he says. 'After graduating, they have progressed up th
career ladder into powerful jobs before returning to disc sports much more seriously in their free time.’
3
The team version of Frisbee-throwing, the game of Ultimate, is currently enjoyed by around 700 serious players
in the UK. Teams are made up of seven players, and the aim of the game is to score goals by passing the disc,
to a player standing or running inside the opposition's ‘end zone’.
4
But Ultimate’s rules do not seem to give rise to the dissension, fouls and gamesmanship that some, more
prestigious, sports suffer from. A key Ultimate phrase is ‘the spirit of the game’, which refers to the sport’s
basic code of conduct. Even at world championship level, referees or linesmen are not needed.
5
The names of Frisbee-related sports are a little .more accessible. An individual vision of Frisbee- throwing
known as 'disc golf has also grown up, courtesy of financial expert Derek Robins. Robins, Chairman of the
British Disc Golf Association, charges just £3 for a round at his course beside the River Avon.
6
Therefore, when players reach the spot on the course where their last throw has landed, they can Choose a disc
which is the most appropriate one for the next throw—in much the same way that golfers .night use a driver
from the tee - with the aim of *holing out’ the disc, into an iron basket held up by a chain, in the minimum
number of throws.
It is all a far ay from the early days of the Frisbee in the 1870s, when Wiliam Russell Frisbie patented his
Frisbee pies, in the disc-shaped tins that college students so delighted in throwing to each other, after < sating
the pies.
A In keeping with this air of gentlemanly camaraderie and enthusiastic innovation, a whole new language has
evolved among the game’s devotees . Words such as 'force’, ‘hammer’, ‘poach’, and ‘stall’ are used to describe
the various moves, throws and tactics which the game demands.
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B Even a top-class competitor in several of these disciplines would not have to fork out much on equipment
compared to other sports. However, the relative cheapness is some what at odds with the nature of its devotees:
more and more it tends to be high-earning lawyers, stockbrokers bankers and IT professionals who make up the
core of serious players.
C Once in possession of the disc, a player is not allowed to run with it; it has to be worked up the pitch through
a series of tactical passes. If it touches the ground or is intercepted, possession passes to the opposition.
D The popularity" of this particular brand of disc Dears testament to the fact that the fun-filled summers of the
1970s, when Frisbees in parks were a common sight, are enjoying something of a revival.
E But if all this sounds a little too energetic, and you are happy just to chuck a Frisbee to a friend in the nark,
you will be in good company. Old-Style Frisbee fans can still count among their numbers several famous
names, including a leading Hollywood movie star and a Formula One driver.
F The rules are similar to those of the famous sport from which it is derived, the obvious difference being the
use of flying discs instead of balls and clubs. Players walk the course with a range of five or more special discs
which have special edges and are made of denser material than an ultimate disc, thus allowing them to fly
further.
G Indeed, the sport very much reflects the lifestyles of the people who play it. It is all about working together
with one’s side against the opposition; competitiveness and camaraderie are of the utmost importance.

2. Read the passage and choose the correct answer for the following questions:
All mammals feed their young. Beluga whale mothers, for example, nurse their calves for some twenty months,
until they are about to give birth again and their young are able to find their own food. The behavior of feeding
of the young is built into the reproductive system. It is a nonelective part of parental care and the defining
feature of a mammal, the most important thing that mammals – whether marsupials, platypuses, spiny anteaters,
or placental mammals - have in common. But not all animal parents, even those that tend their offspring to the
point of hatching or birth, feed their young. Most egg-guarding fish do not, for the simple reason that their
young are so much smaller than the parents and eat food that is also much smaller than the food eaten by adults.
In reptiles, the crocodile mother protects her young after they have hatched and takes them down to the water,
where they will find food, but she does not actually feed them. Few insects feed their young after hatching, but
some make other arrangement, provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have
paralyzed with their venom and stored in a state of suspended animation so that their larvae might have a
supply of fresh food when they hatch. For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is not intrinsic to parental
care. Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for descendants.
The most vulnerable moment in any animal's life is when it first finds itself completely on its own, when it
must forage and fend for itself. Feeding postpones that moment until a young animal has grown to such a size
that it is better able to cope. Young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent at a much
greater fraction of their full adult size. And in the meantime those young are shielded against the vagaries of
fluctuating of difficult-to-find supplies. Once a species does take the step of feeding its young, the young
become totally dependent on the extra effort. If both parents are removed, the young generally do no survive.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The care that various animals give to their offspring.
B. The difficulties young animals face in obtaining food.
C. The methods that mammals use to nurse their young.
D. The importance among young mammals of becoming independent.
2. The author lists various animals in line 5 to
A. contrast the feeding habits of different types of mammals
B. describe the process by which mammals came to be defined
C. emphasize the point that every type of mammal feeds its own young
D. explain why a particular feature of mammals is nonelective
3. The word "tend" is closest in meaning to
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A. sit on B. move C. notice D. care for
4. What can be inferred from the passage about the practice of animal parents feeding their young?
A. It is unknown among fish. B. It is unrelated to the size of the young.
C. It is dangerous for the parents. D. It is most common among mammals.
5. The word "provisioning" is closest in meaning to
A. supplying B. preparing C. building D. expanding
6. According to the passage, how do some insects make sure their young have food?
A. By storing food near their young.
B. By locating their nests or cells near spiders and caterpillars.
C. By searching for food some distance from their nest.
D. By gathering food from a nearby water source.
7. The word "edge" is closest in meaning to
A. Opportunity B. Advantage C. Purpose D. Rest
8. The word "it" refers to
A. Feeding B. moment C. young animal D. size
9. According to the passage, animal young are most defenseless when
A. their parents are away searching for food
B. their parents have many young to feed
C. they are only a few days old
D. they first become independent
10.The word "shielded" is closest in meaning to
A. raised B. protected C. hatched D. valued
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and
northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where
it begins. It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It
weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through
thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to
2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents,' long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above
the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface
later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic
and sub-arctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost
(permanently frozen grounD.. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The
remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties o(
the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most
expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that
much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company
controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into Line 20 the pipeline-construction
fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages,
equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and
even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's
A. operating costs B. employees C. consumers D. construction
2. The word "it" refers to
A. pipeline B. ocean C. state D. village
3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each
A. day B. week C. month D. year
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4. The phrase "Resting on" is closest in meaning to
A. consisting of B. supported by C. passing under D. protected with
5. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the
A. climate B. lay of the land itself
C. local vegetation D. kind of soil and rock
6. The word "undertaken" is closest in meaning to
A. removed B. selected C. transported D. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?
A. three B. four C. eight D. twelve
8. The word "particular" is closest in meaning to
A. peculiar B. specific C. exceptional D. equal
9. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium
would pay?
A. How much oil field land each company owned
B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields
C. How many people worked for each company
D. How many oil wells were located on the company's land
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for an earth covering that always remains frozen?
A. Line 2 B. Line 10 C. Line 13 D. Line 20