Kapitel 06 DINO Techn Teil
Kapitel 06 DINO Techn Teil
Kapitel 06 DINO Techn Teil
Tab. 1
It must also be taken into account that, depending on the
chosen assembly method and on the frictional conditions, A From column 1 choose the next higher force to the one
the assembly preload force FM can disperse in more or that acts on the joint. If the combined load (lengthwise
less wide limits. and shear forces FAmax <FQmax/μTmin) apply, only FQmax is
to be used.
An approximate dimensioning is often sufficient for an ini-
tial selection of the suitable screw dimension. Depending B T he necessary minimum preload force FMmin is found by
on the application, further criteria are then to be checked proceeding as follows from this figure:
in accordance with VDI 2230.
B1 If the design has to use FQmax: four steps for static or
6.1 A pproximate calculation of the dimension dynamic shear force
or the strength classes of screws
(in accordance with VDI 2230)
On the basis of the above-mentioned findings, the pre- FQ
1 2 3 4
Force in N Nominal diameter in mm
Strength class
B2 If the design has to use FAmax: 2 steps for dynamic and
12.9 10.9 8.8
eccentric axial force
250
400
or
630
1.000 M3 M3 M3
1.600 M3 M3 M3
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1 step for tightening with a torque wrench or precision
FA
screwdriver, which is set by means of the dynamic torque
measurement or elongation of the screw
or
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1788 All information is provided without guarantee or claim to completeness.
A calculation is therefore made taking account of the
tightening and setting method, as well as the coefficients
of friction classes in accordance with the following table.
Tab. 2
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A different coefficient of friction “μ” has to be selected,
depending on the surface and lubrication condition of the
screws or nut coat. With the great number of surface and
lubrication conditions it is often difficult to ascertain the
correct coefficient of friction. If the coefficient of friction
is not known exactly, the lowest probable coefficient of
friction is to be reckoned with so that the screw is not
overloaded.
6.3 A llocation of friction coefficients with reference values to different materials/surfaces and
lubrication conditions in screw assemblies (in accordance with VDI 2230)
Tab. 3
Coefficient of friction class B should be aimed for, so that 6.4 Assembly preload forces FMTab and tightening torques
the highest possible preload force with simultaneous low MA with 90% utilisation of the screw yield strength Rel
distribution can be applied. (The table applies to room or 0.2% offset yield point Rp0.2 for set screws with metric
temperature.) standard thread in accordance with DIN ISO 262;
head sizes of hexagon head screws in accordance with
DIN EN ISO 4014 to 4018, screws with external hex-
alobular drive in accordance with DIN 34800 or socket
cap screws in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4762 and
“medium” bore in accordance with DIN EN 20 273 (in
accordance with VDI 2230)
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1790 All information is provided without guarantee or claim to completeness.
Standard thread
Tab. 5
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Assembly preload forces FMTab and tightening torques MA
with 90% utilisation of the screw yield strength Rel or 0.2%
offset yield point Rp0.2 for set screws with metric fine
thread in accordance with DIN ISO 262; head sizes of
hexagon head screws in accordance with DIN EN ISO
4014 to 4018, screws with external hexalobular drive
in accordance with DIN 34800 or socket cap screws in
accordance with DIN EN ISO 4762 and “medium” bore
in accordance with DIN EN 20 273 (in accordance with
VDI 2230)
Fine thread
Size Strength Assembly preload forces Tightening torques
class FMTab in kN for μG = MA in Nm for μK = μG =
0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.24
M8 8.8 21.2 20.7 20.2 19.7 19.2 18.1 17.0 19.3 22.8 26.1 29.2 32.0 37.0 41.2
x1 10.9 31.1 30.4 29.7 28.9 28.1 26.5 24.9 28.4 33.5 38.3 42.8 47.0 54.3 60.5
12.9 36.4 35.6 34.7 33.9 32.9 31.0 29.1 33.2 39.2 44.9 50.1 55.0 63.6 70.8
M9 8.8 27.7 27.2 26.5 25.9 25.2 23.7 22.3 28.0 33.2 38.1 42.6 46.9 54.4 60.7
x1 10.9 40.7 39.9 39.0 38.0 37.0 34.9 32.8 41.1 48.8 55.9 62.6 68.8 79.8 89.1
12.9 47.7 46.7 45.6 44.4 43.3 40.8 38.4 48.1 57.0 65.4 73.3 80.6 93.4 104.3
M10 8.8 35.2 34.5 33.7 32.9 32.0 30.2 28.4 39 46 53 60 66 76 85
x1 10.9 51.7 50.6 49.5 48.3 47.0 44.4 41.7 57 68 78 88 97 112 125
12.9 60.4 59.2 57.9 56.5 55.0 51.9 48.8 67 80 91 103 113 131 147
M10 8.8 33.1 32.4 31.6 30.8 29.9 28.2 26.5 38 44 51 57 62 72 80
x 1,25 10.9 48.6 47.5 46.4 45.2 44.0 41.4 38.9 55 65 75 83 92 106 118
12.9 56.8 55.6 54.3 52.9 51.4 48.5 45.5 65 76 87 98 107 124 138
M12 8.8 50.1 49.1 48.0 46.8 45.6 43.0 40.4 66 79 90 101 111 129 145
x 1,25 10.9 73.6 72.1 70.5 68.7 66.9 63.2 59.4 97 116 133 149 164 190 212
12.9 86.2 84.4 82.5 80.4 78.3 73.9 69.5 114 135 155 174 192 222 249
M12 8.8 47.6 46.6 45.5 44.3 43.1 40.6 38.2 64 76 87 97 107 123 137
x 1,5 10.9 70.0 68.5 66.8 65.1 63.3 59.7 56.0 95 112 128 143 157 181 202
12.9 81.9 80.1 78.2 76.2 74.1 69.8 65.6 111 131 150 167 183 212 236
M14 8.8 67.8 66.4 64.8 63.2 61.5 58.1 45.6 104 124 142 159 175 203 227
x 1,5 10.9 99.5 97.5 95.2 92.9 90.4 85.3 80.2 153 182 209 234 257 299 333
12.9 116.5 114.1 111.4 108.7 105.8 99.8 93.9 179 213 244 274 301 349 390
M16 8.8 91.4 89.6 87.6 85.5 83.2 78.6 74.0 159 189 218 244 269 314 351
x 1,5 10.9 134.2 131.6 128.7 125.5 122.3 155.5 108.7 233 278 320 359 396 461 515
12.9 157.1 154.0 150.6 146.9 143.1 135.1 127.2 273 325 374 420 463 539 603
M18 8.8 122 120 117 115 112 105 99 237 283 327 368 406 473 530
x 1,5 10.9 174 171 167 163 159 150 141 337 403 465 523 578 674 755
12.9 204 200 196 191 186 176 166 394 472 544 613 676 789 884
M18 8.8 114 112 109 107 104 98 92 229 271 311 348 383 444 495
x2 10.9 163 160 156 152 148 139 131 326 386 443 496 545 632 706
12.9 191 187 182 178 173 163 153 381 452 519 581 638 740 826
M20 8.8 154 151 148 144 141 133 125 327 392 454 511 565 660 741
x 1,5 10.9 219 215 211 206 200 190 179 466 558 646 728 804 940 1,055
12.9 257 252 246 241 234 222 209 545 653 756 852 941 1,100 1,234
M22 8.8 189 186 182 178 173 164 154 440 529 613 692 765 896 1,006
x 1,5 10.9 269 264 259 253 247 233 220 627 754 873 985 1,090 1,276 1,433
12.9 315 309 303 296 289 273 257 734 882 1,022 1,153 1,275 1,493 1,677
M24 8.8 228 224 219 214 209 198 187 570 686 796 899 995 1,166 1,311
x 1,5 10.9 325 319 312 305 298 282 266 811 977 1,133 1,280 1,417 1,661 1,867
12.9 380 373 366 357 347 330 311 949 1,143 1,326 1,498 1,658 1,943 2,185
M24 8.8 217 213 209 204 198 187 177 557 666 769 865 955 1,114 1,248
x2 10.9 310 304 297 290 282 267 251 793 949 1,095 1,232 1,360 1,586 1,777
12.9 362 355 348 339 331 312 294 928 1,110 1,282 1,442 1,591 1,856 2,080
M27 8.8 293 288 282 276 269 255 240 822 992 1,153 1,304 1,445 1,697 1,910
x 1,5 10.9 418 410 402 393 383 363 342 1,171 1,413 1,643 1,858 2,059 2,417 2,720
12.9 489 480 470 460 448 425 401 1,370 1,654 1,922 2,174 2,409 2,828 3,183
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1792 All information is provided without guarantee or claim to completeness.
Size Strength Assembly preload forces Tightening torques
class FMTab in kN for μG = MA in Nm for μK = μG =
0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.24
M27 8.8 281 276 270 264 257 243 229 806 967 1,119 1,262 1,394 1,630 1,829
x2 10.9 400 393 384 375 366 346 326 1,149 1,378 1,594 1,797 1,986 2,322 2,605
12.9 468 460 450 439 428 405 382 1,344 1,612 1,866 2,103 2,324 2,717 3,049
M30 8.8 353 347 339 331 323 306 288 1,116 1,343 1,556 1,756 1,943 2,276 2,557
x2 10.9 503 494 483 472 460 436 411 1,590 1,912 2,216 2,502 2,767 3,241 3,641
12.9 588 578 565 552 539 510 481 1,861 2,238 2,594 2,927 3,238 3,793 4,261
M33 8.8 433 425 416 407 397 376 354 1,489 1,794 2,082 2,352 2,605 3,054 3,435
x2 10.9 617 606 593 580 565 535 505 2,120 2,555 2,965 3,350 3,710 4,350 4,892
12.9 722 709 694 678 662 626 591 2,481 2,989 3,470 3,921 4,341 5,090 5,725
M36 8.8 521 512 502 490 478 453 427 1,943 2,345 2,725 3,082 3,415 4,010 4,513
x2 10.9 742 729 714 698 681 645 609 2,767 3,340 3,882 4,390 4,864 5,711 6,428
12.9 869 853 836 817 797 755 712 3,238 3,908 4,542 5,137 5,692 6,683 7,522
M39 8.8 618 607 595 581 567 537 507 2,483 3,002 3,493 3,953 4,383 5,151 5,801
x2 10.9 880 864 847 828 808 765 722 3,537 4,276 4,974 5,631 6,243 7,336 8,263
12.9 1,030 1,011 991 969 945 896 845 4,139 5,003 5,821 6,589 7,306 8,585 9,669
Tab. 6
Reference values
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6.6 Reference values for tightening torques Coefficient of friction µges 0.20
for austenite screws in accordance with
Preload forces FVmax. Tightening torque MA
DIN EN ISO 3506 [KN] [Nm]
The following table shows the tightening torque required FK 50 FK 70 FK 80 FK 50 FK 70 FK 80
for an individual case in dependence on the nominal M3 0.60 0.65 0.95 1.00 1.10 1.60
diameter, the coefficient of friction and the strength class M4 1.12 2.40 3.20 1.30 2.60 3.50
(SC) as a reference value. M5 1.83 3.93 5.24 2.40 5.10 6.90
M6 2.59 5.54 7.39 4.10 8.80 11.8
Coefficient of friction µges 0.10 M8 4.75 10.2 13.6 10.1 21.4 28.7
M10 7.58 16.2 21.7 20.3 44.0 58.0
Preload forces FVmax. Tightening torque MA M12 11.1 23.7 31.6 34.8 74.0 100.0
[KN] [Nm]
M14 15.2 32.6 43.4 56.0 119.0 159.0
FK 50 FK 70 FK 80 FK 50 FK 70 FK80
M16 20.9 44.9 59.8 86.0 183.0 245.0
M3 0.90 1.00 1.20 0.85 1.00 1.30
M18 26.2 56.2 74.9 122.0 260.0 346.0
M4 1.08 2.97 3.96 0.80 1.70 2.30
M20 33.8 72.4 96.5 173.0 370.0 494.0
M5 2.26 4.85 6.47 1.60 3.40 4.60
M22 41.0 88.0 118.0 227.0 488.0 650.0
M6 3.2 6.85 9.13 2.80 5.90 8.00
M24 47.0 101.0 135.0 284.0 608.0 810.0
M8 5.86 12.6 16.7 6.80 14.5 19.3
M27 61.0 421.0
M10 9.32 20.0 26.6 13.7 30.0 39.4
M30 75.0 571.0
M12 13.6 29.1 38.8 23.6 50.0 67.0
M33 94.0 779.0
M14 18.7 40.0 53.3 37.1 79.0 106.0
M36 110.0 998.0
M16 25.7 55.0 73.3 56.0 121.0 161.0
M39 133.0 1.300
M18 32.2 69.0 92.0 81.0 174.0 232.0
M20 41.3 88.6 118.1 114.0 224.0 325.0
M22 50.0 107.0 143.0 148.0 318.0 424.0 Coefficient of friction µges 0.30
M24 58.0 142.0 165.0 187.0 400.0 534.0
Preload forces FVmax. Tightening torque MA
M27 75.0 275.0 [KN] [Nm]
M30 91.0 374.0 FK 50 FK 70 FK 80 FK 50 FK 70 FK80
M33 114.0 506.0 M3 0.40 0.45 0.70 1.25 1.35 1.85
M36 135.0 651.0 M4 0.90 1.94 2.59 1.50 3.00 4.10
M39 162.0 842.0 M5 1.49 3.19 4.25 2.80 6.10 8.00
M6 2.09 4.49 5.98 4.80 10.4 13.9
M8 3.85 8.85 11.0 11.9 25.5 33.9
M10 6.14 13.1 17.5 24.0 51.0 69.0
M12 9.00 19.2 25.6 41.0 88.0 117.0
M14 12.3 26.4 35.2 66.0 141.0 188.0
M16 17.0 36.4 48.6 102.0 218.0 291.0
M18 21.1 45.5 60.7 144.0 308.0 411.0
M20 27.4 58.7 78.3 205.0 439.0 586.0
M22 34.0 72.0 96.0 272.0 582.0 776.0
M24 39.0 83.0 110.0 338.0 724.0 966.0
M27 50.0 503.0
M30 61.0 680.0
M33 76.0 929.0
M36 89.0 1.189
M39 108.0 1.553
Tab. 8
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1794 All information is provided without guarantee or claim to completeness.
6.7 How to use the tables for preload forces Depending on how the above-mentioned influences are
and tightening torques! controlled, the tightening factor αA must be selected.
The procedure is as follows:
Example:
A) Determining the total coefficient of friction If a commercially available torque wrench with an
μges.: electronic display is used, a tightening factor
Different coefficients of friction “μ” have to be reckoned αA = 1.4–1.6 must be reckoned with.
with, depending on the surface or lubrication condition of The selection is:
the screws or nuts. Table 3 in chapter 6 is used to make αA = 1. 4 (see Table 2 in chapter 6 “Reference values for
the selection. the tightening factor ...”)
C) Tightening factor αA
(taking the tightening uncertainty into
account)
All tightening methods are more or less accurate. This is
caused by:
• The large range of distribution of the friction that
actually occurs during installation
(if friction figures can only be estimated roughly for the
calculation)
• Differences in the manipulation with the torque wrench
(e.g. fast or slow tightening of the screw)
• The distribution of the torque wrench itself.
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6.8 Pairing different element/contact corrosion Pairing different fasteners/component
The following rule applies for preventing materials with regard to contact corrosion
contact corrosion:
Component material/surface*
In each case fasteners must have at least the same
Steel, bright
Aluminium
Copper
Brass
Fastener material/surface
Aluminium ++ +++ ++ ++ + + + +
Copper + + +++ ++ + + + +
Brass + + ++ +++ + + + +
Tab. 9
Material:
Spring steel hardened
from 420 to 560 HV
Fig. AU Fig. AV
Tab. 10
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1796 All information is provided without guarantee or claim to completeness.
Spring-type straight pins, standard design in accordance with ISO 8750 (DIN 7343)
Material:
Spring steel hardened
from 420 to 520 HV
Fig. AW
Tab. 11
Spring-type straight pins, coiled, heavy duty in accordance with ISO 8748 (DIN 7344)
Material:
Spring steel hardened
from 420 to 520 HV
Fig. AX
Tab. 12
Spring-type straight pins, slotted, light duty in accordance with ISO 13337 (DIN 7346)
Material:
Spring steel hardened
from 420 to 560 HV
Fig. AY Fig. AZ
Tab. 13
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F 2F
single-shear two-shear
F F F
Fig. BA
AW drive
Fig. AS
AW drive system
Advantages with regard to previous drive systems:
• Improved force transmission by means of the conical
multipoint head.
• Longer service life through optimal fit.
• Optimum centring through the conical course of the bit.
• Greatest possible bearing surface of the bit in the
screw drive → comeout.
• Comeout = zero. The even force distribution prevents
damage to the surface protective layer and thus guar- Fig. AT
antees greater corrosion resistance.
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1798 All information is provided without guarantee or claim to completeness.
The four “tightening walls” in the cross recess, with which Angle of rotation method
the screwdriver is in contact when the screw is being Prerequisite is that the parts to be joined rest largely flat
screwed in, are vertical. The remaining walls and ribs are on each other. The pre-tightening torque is applied with
slanted. This can improve ease of assembly if the cross one of the two methods described above. Mark the posi-
recesses are made optimally. Pozi drive screwdrivers have tion of the nut relative to the screw shaft and component
rectangular blade ends. clearly and permanently, so that the subsequently applied
further tightening angle of the nut can be determined
Cross recess H (Phillips) in accordance easily. The required further tightening angle must be
with ISO 4757 determined by means of a method test at the respective
original screwed connections (e.g. by means of screw
lengthening).
Fig. AU
6.11 Assembly
Torque method
The required preload force is generated by the Fig. W
measurable torque MV. The tightening appliance that is
used (e.g. a torque wrench) must have uncertainty of less
than 5%.
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