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    Unit 1: Rehabilitation Engineering

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    Prasidha Prabhu
    The document discusses the principles of rehabilitation engineering. It covers key topics like the definition of rehabilitation, types of physical impairments, principles of assistive technology assessment, and key engineering principles in rehabilitation like biomechanics. The engineering design process involves analysis of the problem, synthesis of potential solutions, evaluation of solutions, deciding on a final design, and implementation. Field testing of prototypes is important. Product safety and reliability must be considered.

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    Unit 1: Rehabilitation Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Prasidha Prabhu
    181 views19 pages
    The document discusses the principles of rehabilitation engineering. It covers key topics like the definition of rehabilitation, types of physical impairments, principles of assistive technology assessment, and key engineering principles in rehabilitation like biomechanics. The engineering design process involves analysis of the problem, synthesis of potential solutions, evaluation of solutions, deciding on a final design, and implementation. Field testing of prototypes is important. Product safety and reliability must be considered.

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    The document discusses the principles of rehabilitation engineering. It covers key topics like the definition of rehabilitation, types of physical impairments, principles of assistive technology assessment, and key engineering principles in rehabilitation like biomechanics. The engineering design process involves analysis of the problem, synthesis of potential solutions, evaluation of solutions, deciding on a final design, and implementation. Field testing of prototypes is important. Product safety and reliability must be considered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    181 views19 pages

    Unit 1: Rehabilitation Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Prasidha Prabhu
    The document discusses the principles of rehabilitation engineering. It covers key topics like the definition of rehabilitation, types of physical impairments, principles of assistive technology assessment, and key engineering principles in rehabilitation like biomechanics. The engineering design process involves analysis of the problem, synthesis of potential solutions, evaluation of solutions, deciding on a final design, and implementation. Field testing of prototypes is important. Product safety and reliability must be considered.

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    of 19

    Rehabilitation Engineering

    Unit 1

    Dr.K.Nirmala
    Biomedical Engineering Department
    UNIT 1 –Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering

     Definition, Concept of Rehabilitation


     Types of Physical Impairments
     Principles of Assistive Technology Assessment,
     Principles of Rehabilitation Engineering –
     Key Engineering Principles
     Key Ergonomic Principles
     Engineering Concepts in Sensory & Motor rehabilitation.
    Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering

    Session Objectives:

    The objective of this session

     Understand the principles of Rehabilitation Engineering


    PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
    • Rehabilitation engineering design is the creative process of identifying needs and
    then devising an assistive device to fill those needs.

    • A systematic approach is essential to successfully complete a rehabilitation project.

    • Key elements of the design process involve the following sequential steps:

    • analysis,

    • synthesis,

    • evaluation,

    • decision, and

    • implementation.
    Analysis

    Important first step is careful analysis of the problem or need.

    1. when, and how often the problem arises. What is the environment or the task

    situation?

    2. How have others performed the task? What are the environmental constraints (size,

    speed, weight, location, physical interface, etc.)?

    3. What are the psychosocial constraints (user preferences, support of others, gadget

    tolerance, cognitive abilities, and limitations)?

    4. What are the financial considerations (purchase price, rental fees, trial periods,

    maintenance and repair arrangements)?


    Analysis
    Example Problem: Develop a set of performance specifications for an
    electromechanical device to raise and lower the lower leg of a wheelchair user (to
    prevent edema).

    Solution
    • Be able to raise or lower leg in 5 s
    • Independently operable by the wheelchair occupant
    • Have an emergency stop switch
    • Compatible with existing wheelchair and its leg rests
    • Quiet operation
    • Entire adaptation weighs no more than five pounds
    Analysis
    Synthesis
    • A rehabilitation engineer who is able to describe in writing the nature of the problem
    is likely to have some ideas for solving the problem.

    • the synthesis of possible solutions usually follows the analysis of the problem.

    • is a creative activity that is guided by previously learned engineering principles and


    supported by handbooks, design magazines, product catalogs, and consultation with
    other professionals.

    • includes sketches and technical descriptions of each trial solution.


    Synthesis
    Evaluation
    • Evaluation via field trials with mock-ups, computer simulations, and/or detailed
    mechanical drawings.

    • the end user and other stakeholders in the problem and solution should be consulted.
    Experimental results from field trials should be carefully recorded, possibly on
    videotape, for later review.

    • to use a quantitative comparison chart to rate how well each solution meets or
    exceeds the performance specifications and operational characteristics based on the
    analysis of the problem.
    Decision
    • After comparing the various promising solutions, more than one may appear equally
    satisfactory.

    • At this point, the final decision may be made based on the preference of the user or
    some other intangible factor that is difficult to anticipate.

    • Sometimes choosing the final solution may involve consulting with someone else
    who may have encountered a similar problem
    Implementation

    • To fabricate, fit, and install the final (or best) solution

    • requires additional project planning that, depending on the size of the project, may

    range from a simple list of tasks to a complex set of scheduled activities involving

    many people with different skills.


    Problem
    List the major technical design steps needed to build the automatic battery-
    powered leg raiser
    Solution: The following are some of the key design steps:
    1. Mechanical design of the linkages to raise the wheelchair’s leg rests
    2. Static determination of the forces needed to raise the occupant’s leg
    3. Determination of the gear ratios and torque needed from the electric motor
    4. Estimation of the power drain from the wheelchair batteries
    5. Purchase of the electromechanical components
    6. Fabrication of custom parts and electronic components
    7. Assembly, testing, and possible redesign
    8. Field trials and evaluation of prototype device
    Key Engineering Principles
    • Each discipline and subdiscipline that contributes to rehabilitation engineering has its
    own set of key principles that should be considered when a design project is begun.

    • A few general hardware issues are applicable to a


    • wide variety of design tasks,
    • including worst-case design,
    • computer simulation,
    • temperature effects,
    • reliability, and
    • product safety.

    • Computer simulation and computer-aided design (CAD) software often can be used
    to predict how well an overall electronic system will perform under different
    combinations of component values or sizes.
    Key Engineering Principles

    • The effects of temperature and environmental conditions on performance and


    reliability.

    • For example
    • temperature extremes can reduce a battery’s capacity.
    • Temperature also may affect reliability,

    • Product safety is another very important design principle.


    • incorporate a panic switch, Fuses and heavy-duty gauge
    Key Engineering Principles
    Example: When the required assistive device must lift or support some part of the body,
    an analysis of the static and dynamic forces (biomechanics) that are involved should be
    performed.
    The basic engineering principles needed for static and dynamic analysis usually involve
    the following steps:

    (1) Determine the force vectors acting on the object or body part,
    (2) determine the moment arms, and
    (3) centers of gravity for various components and body segments.

    Under static conditions, all the forces and moment vectors sum to zero.

    For dynamic conditions, the governing equation is Newton’s second law of motion
    in which the vector sum of the forces equals mass times an acceleration vector
    (F=ma).
    Out Comes

    Session Outcomes

    Upon Completion of this session the students will be able to


     Describe the principle of rehabilitation Engineering
     Explain the key engineering principles in rehabilitation engineering
    Review Questions

    1. What are the principles to be followed to design an assistive aid


    2. What are the key engineering principles
    References
    TEXT BOOKS:

    1. Joseph D. Bronzino, The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition:


    Three Volume Set, CRC Press, 2006
    2. MacLauchlan, M, and Gallagher, P, Enabling Technologies – Body Image and
    Body Function, Churchill Livingstone, 2004.
    3. Mann, W.C., (Ed). Smart Technology for Aging, Disability, and Independence –
    The State of the Science, Wiley, New Jersey, 2005

    REFERENCES:
    1. Muzumdar, A, Powered Upper Limb Prostheses – Control, Implementation and
    Clinical Application, Springer, 2004.
    2. Rory A Cooper, An Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering, Taylor &Francics,
    CRC Press, 2006.
    3. Horia- Nocholai Teodorecu, L.C.Jain Intelligent systems and technologies in
    rehabilitation Engineering; CRC; December 2000.

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