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English For Academic and Professional Purposes: Final Term School Year 2020-2021

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Module 1

for

English for Academic and Professional


Purposes

Final Term
School Year 2020-2021

Learner’s name: Joneighbel B. Bulahan Strand: STEM11

Teacher: Feb Zheenia L. Resultan


Contact Number: 09190049904
Lesson 1 Reading an Argumentative
Contact Number: 09190049904 Essay
(Days 1 & 2)
MEMORY VERSE:
A soft answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger.
Proverbs 15:1 ESV

Enabling Outcomes
Based on the curriculum guide (CG), the student should be able to:
a. Analyze the arguments used by the writer/s in manifestos

Concepts (Generalization)
Have you experienced engaging in a debate with a friend? If so, how did you try to convince him/her to agree
with you? Were you successful in winning your friend over to your point? Engaging in a debate with a friend is
a form of argumentation. Such activity involves using facts, opinions, and rhetorical devices in order to defend
a certain motion.

In writing an argumentative essay, you need to have a motion. A motion refers to your main proposal or claim.
You need to defend your motion using facts. Furthermore, in presenting your arguments, you must be careful
not to include fallacies. A fallacy is an error in reasoning, and this happens when faulty assumptions taint the
line of reasoning.

Some commonly used fallacies include:


1. Appeal to Pity (Ad Misericordiam) — an argument that appeals to another’s sympathy
“You should not find the defendant guilty of murder for it will break his poor mother’s heart to see him
in jail.”

2. Appeal to Ignorance (Ad Ignorantum) — asserting a proposition is true because it has not been proven false
“Taking vitamin X is good for you since nobody taking it has become sick.”

3. Bandwagon Appeal (Ad Populum) — an argument that suggests one is correct if they go along with the
“crowd”
“Every fashionable senior this year is wearing a piece of Navajo jewelry.”

4. Appeal to Authority — you accept a truth on blind faith just because someone you admire said it
“Gun laws should be extremely strict and it should be incredibly difficult to acquire a gun. Many
respected
people such as actor Brad Pit have expressed their support of this movement.”

5. False Analogy — two unlike concepts or things are compared as if they are just similar to one another
“A college has no right to fire a popular teacher. To do so is like throwing out of office a public official
who has just been re-elected by the majority of the voters.”
6. False Cause (Post Hoc) — this argument equates sequence with causality: Because Event A was followed by
Event B, the first caused the second
“Every time I wash my car, it rains. I washed my car today, therefore it will rain today.”
7. False Dilemma — occurs when someone is only given two choices for possible alternatives when more than
two exist
“Since you don’t spend a lot, you must be saving a lot.”
8. Poisoning the Well/Personal Attack (Ad Hominem) — an argument that personally attacks another as to
discredit the issue at hand
Two students are running for student body president. Prior to the casting of votes, one candidate puts up
fliers all over the building indicating that the other boy is a cheater, liar, and has bad grades.
9. Slippery Slope — someone assumes that a very small action will lead to extreme outcomes
“If you continue to watch professional wrestling, your grades will drop, you will become violent, and
eventually you will end up in jail.”
10. Sweeping Generalization (Dicto Simpliciter) — someone comes up with a conclusion based on limited
number of examples
“Divorce is rampant in America, Mary. I heard that 50% of marriages end in divorce within three years.
So I’ve decided not to marry you because the odds are against us.”

When arguing for a position, it is highly advisable to consider the following:


1. Necessity – evaluate if the position you want to argue is really necessary (Is it something that we
cannot live without? Is the society demanding it?)
2. Practicality – consider whether the motion or solution being proposed would cost too much or take
too much trouble
3. Benefit – consider if the general public can benefit from this solution

IFL (Integration of Faith & Learning)


Raise your words, not your voice.
It is rain that grows flowers,
Not thunder. –RUMI-

Answers (Be Active)


1. Sweeping Generalization
2. Appeal to Pity
3. False Cause
4. Slippery Slope
5. Appeal to Authority

References
Argumentative Fallacies. Retrieved from https://www.The mesacc.edu/~paoih30491/ArgumentsFallaciesQ.html
Wyson, J.D. (2019). English for Academic and Professional Purposes. K to 12 Revised Edition. 1253 G.
Araneta Avenue cor. Ma. Clara Street, Talayan, Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc.
Be Active (Exercise/Activity)
Identify what type of fallacy the arguments reflect.

Sweeping generalization1. “Two out of three patients who were given green tea before bedtime reported sleeping more
soundly. Therefore, green tea may be used to treat insomnia.”

Appeal to pity2. “I know the exam is graded based on performance, but you should give me an A. My cat has been sick, my
car broke down, and I’ve had a cold, so it was really hard for me to study!”

False cause3. “President Jones raised taxes, and then the rate of violent crime went up. Jones is responsible for the rise in
crime.”

Slippery slope4. “Animal experimentation reduces our respect for life. If we don’t respect life, we are likely to be more and
more tolerant of violent acts like war and murder. Soon our society will become a battlefield in which everyone constantly
fears for their lives. It will be the end of civilization. To prevent this terrible consequence, we should make animal
experimentation illegal right now.”

Appeal to authority 5. “We should abolish the death penalty. Many respected people, such as actor Guy Handsome, have
publicly stated their opposition to it.”

Ignite (Evaluation)
Read the argumentative essay below and complete the argumentation analysis chart.

Good News: An Instrument for Shaping a Good often useful to us, we are sometimes led to wonder
Society whether there is still some good that happens in our
By: Camille Anjela Curitana society. Such a phenomenon is even compounded
by the observation that there seems to be an
News has been a big part of our lives; we increasing tendency of newscasters to "emotionalize
tune into it in our offices, homes, and schools. We the news, giving emphasis to the potential negative
usually depend on it for information crucial to effects of a certain event (Davey, 2012). This may
enable us to function effectively in the society. no longer be new to us, but what we do not realize
Through these stories, we are informed on whether is that constant exposure to bad news may actually
we should go to school or work because of the affect a person’s perception of life (Condry, 1989),
weather, invest in a particular company, or vote for making him or her think that world is such a
a certain candidate. gloomy place and nothing good can come out of it.
Nowadays, however, most of the stories For this reason, I would like to argue in this
featured in several news programs, broadsheets, and paper that there is a need for broadcasting
tabloids are what we would usually label as bad institutions to include more good news in their
news. Murders, theft, corruption, and disasters roster of stories. Doing so would paint a more
would normally comprise our daily dose of news. balanced picture of reality in the citizens' minds,
While such kinds of stories may be true and are
help them to become more positive thinkers, and hundreds of non-government organizations organize
ultimately boost their self-esteem or morale. and facilitate community development programs,
and these are but a few examples of good things that
Cultivation theory is a social theory that occur in our society on a daily basis.
examines how long-term exposure to television
"cultivates" how people in general give meaning to Although this may be the case, news
their lives. After conducting several studies on organizations still unrelentingly inundate us with
media influence, its main proponent, George countless depressing stories every single day and
Gerbner of the Annenberg School of doing so may have detrimental effects not only to
Communication, came up with the conclusion that individual lives but the society at large as well.
the more a person is exposed to a particular way of Those who think that the world is very corrupt and
life in the television, the more he or she believes cruel may altogether decide to stop working for the
that such is the accurate social reality (Gerbner, betterment of his or her country, thinking that it is
1976). Following this line of thinking, it can then be futile to do so anyway. One might think that one act
deduced that if a person is constantly bombarded by of kindness may be insignificant in the greater
bad news, the more he or she is likely to think that scheme of things. If we do compound their
the world in which he or she lives in is teeming with numbers, then we get a huge chunk of the
evil and very chaotic. population doing nothing substantial for the
community, and this group may even be a burden
At first glance, we may think that there is instead of a boon to the society.
nothing necessarily wrong with airing a lot of bad
news on television, and we may even argue that if According to studies, prolonged exposure to
we think that the world is a cruel place, we will be films and television programs has drastic effects on
better prepared for disasters and other harsh a person’s mental health, Television programs can
realities. Nonetheless, such a notion may be do this by directly affecting ones mood, which in
considered flawed on two grounds: firstly, the world turn, affects many aspects of his/her thinking and
is not as harsh as we would like to think, and behavior For example, the more the news programs
secondly, developing a negative mind set about the present negative themes such as anger, anxiety,
world even inhibits people from working towards a brokenness, etc., the higher the probability that an
brighter future. individual will interpret the events in his/her own
life in a similar manner. One may get easily irritated
If we think that the world is such a cruel at some point, recall painful memories, or worry
place, we better think again. Quite the contrary, our much about what may happen in the future (Davey,
age has reached a level of sophistication, peace, and 2012).
prosperity unparalleled by any point in human
history that we are able to set up systems that run In contrast, when more good news is
like clockwork. Transportation schemes which are featured, a person tends to think more positively. It
available 24/7, convenience stores in every part of gives him or her the peace of mind and comfort
developed nations, and digitization of every crucial towards continuing his daily routines and duties
document, and many more similar examples stand (Dominic, 1990). Moreover, it even helps him or
as a testament to how organized real life actually is. her perform better and to have an outlook towards a
This is not to mention that both the government and promising tomorrow. Just imagine hearing the news
various sectors in the society work day in and day say that the war between two countries has ended,
out to lead our country to progress. Every single or that the Philippines has a lot of resources such as
day, new roads are built, thousands of teachers toil rice, sugar canes, and mangoes ready to be
hard to make our citizens literate, and even exported, or that a community was rescued from a
fire, or even as simple as that a rainy day is waiting still a lot of good to go around, and we can harness
ahead but there are no threats of flooding in a the power of these positive events to motivate our
certain area. citizens to become even better people. Indeed,
having more good news will propel us to a happier
10. When there is more good news, the peoples' future. And this, to me, is simply good news.
sell-esteem or morale also boosts up. Having a
positive outlook in life in general was shown to
produce less stressed citizens, much as a positive
workplace produces less stressed workers. In fact,
people with a positive outlook were less prone to
committing crimes. Good news stimulates the
people’s minds into thinking and believing that
there really is a good future ahead of them and thus
boosting their confidence in tomorrow and in
themselves that they can strive for a better life
(Hames, 2011).

If each one strives for a better future, then


nations will also work together to achieve that same
goal (Condry, 1989). After all, it is the people that
make up a nation. Contemporary studies also show
that more positive attitude towards work makes
employees more motivated and thus more
productive in their assigned tasks and thus helping
to improve the economy of the country. Less crime
rates due to positive and less-stressed outlook on
life can also attract more investors in the country.

Undoubtedly, we need more good news.


While it is true that bad things do happen, there are

Bibliography

Condry, J. (1989). The Psychology of Television. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.


Davey, G. (2012). The Psychological Effects of TV News. WE York: Sussex Publishers.
Dominick, J.R. (1990). The Dynamics of Mass Communication. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Gerbner, G. & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication.
26, 173-199
Hames J. (2011). 10 Tips for Boosting Employee Morale. Retrieved September 2014, from http://www.inc.
com/guides/2011/01/10-tips-for-boosting-employee-morale.html
Ignite (Evaluation)
Name: Joneighbel B. Bulahan Score:15/25

Argumentation Analysis Chart


Issue: How news affects a persons daily mood. (1)
Motion of the writer: The author illustrates how news affects an individual’s mood. She justifies that good news
should be featured rather than having bad news. (3)
Arguments that support the writer’s motion: Counter-argument/s:
(1)The power that good news implies, helps people to •Constant exposure to films and Television shows
be motivated and to act as a better citizen in his/her has drastic effects on the mental health of a person.
nation. (/)
•The more negative issues such as frustration,
(2)Good news activates the minds of people to anxiety, brokenness, etc are presented in the news
consider and believe that a good future truly lies programs, the greater the possibility that a person
ahead of them. In general, maintaining a positive may view events in a similar way in his or her own
outlook on life has been shown to generate less life. At some point, one can get upset quickly
stressed people, just as less stressed workers are remember traumatic experiences, or think a lot about
created by a positive workplace. (/) what may happen in the future.
(3)An individual tends to think more positively when
more good news is featured. It gives him or her the
peace of mind and comfort to continue his everyday
activities and responsibilities. (/)
Lines that argue on the grounds of necessity and beneficiality of the issue
(1)”We may think that there is nothing necessarily wrong with airing a lot of bad news on television.” (x)
(2)”The world is not as harsh as we would like to think.” (/)
(3)”If we think that the world is such a cruel place, we better think again.” (/)
(4)”Developing a negative mind set about the world even inhibits people from working towards a brighter
future.” (x)
Personal stand on the issue (1 paragraph) It is well structured and what the author tries to justify is justified.
It points out that as individuals, what we see and hear can really influence our mentality. In addition, it is said
that if good news is given a great deal of attention rather than negative news, then perhaps, this will be the
answer we have all been looking for. To have positivity, peace, and to have a life at the same time of great
joy. (3)
Does the essay contain fallacies? Explain. I think yes, it has a slippery slope that implies that if someone just
listens or sees or even hears all the bad news, it does not mean that he or she does feel bad about it. Some
people have a cold heart that bad things that happen do not easily affect them, it only matters how he or she
handles or reacts to it. (3)
Module 2
for

English for Academic and Professional


Purposes

Final Term
School Year 2020-2021

Learner’s name: Joneighbel l B. Bulahan Strand:STEM 11

Teacher: Feb Zheenia L. Resultan


Contact Number: 09190049904

Lesson 2 Writing an Argumentative


Contact Number: 09190049904 Essay
(Days 1 & 2)
MEMORY VERSE:
23 Don’t have anything to do with foolish and stupid arguments, because you know they produce quarrels.
24 And the Lord’s servant must not be quarrelsome but must be kind to everyone, able to teach, not
resentful. 2 Timothy 23-24

Enabling Outcomes
Based on the curriculum guide (CG), the student should be able to:
a. Defend a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable arguments supported by properly cited
factual evidences

Concepts (Generalization)
An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue. In a good argumentative essay, a
writer attempts to persuade readers to understand and support their point of view about a topic by stating their
reasons and providing evidences to back it up.

The outline for an argumentative essay usually consists of four main points:
1. An introductory paragraph introducing the reader to the problem.
2. Main body paragraphs that provide arguments to support your opinion.
3. Several sections used to show the weaknesses of the opposing claims.
4. A conclusion that summarizes the main points and calls to take measures.
INTRODUCTION (Paragraph 1)
1. Start with a ‘Hook’
A hook aims to grab the readers’ attention. Several things can be used as hooks in your
introduction including funny stories or anecdote, controversial statements, intriguing questions,
or statistical data.
2. Develop your thoughts
Explain why you choose the topic along with its importance
3. Create a thesis statement
A thesis statement is a sentence in your introduction that concisely summarizes your main points
and claims or arguments, and presents your stance on a topic.
Types of Thesis Statement
1. Question and Answer Format: The easiest way to write a thesis statement is to turn the topic into a
question, and then answer that question. In order to write a clear answer, you need to understand the
kind of question you are asking. Most questions fall into one of these five categories: fact, definition,
cause, value, or proposal.
Examples:
 Does divorce cause serious problems for the children? (Fact)
 What is "domestic violence?" (Definition)
 What are the causes of divorce? (Cause)
 How important is it for couples to avoid divorce? (Value)
 What can you do to make your marriage divorce-proof? (Proposal)

Example:
Question: What is the best way to make your marriage divorce-proof?
Thesis Statement: The most important way to make your marriage divorce-proof is to make sure you have
carefully prepared for that commitment.

2. Refute Objections: Another way to craft a thesis statement is to state one side of the argument and present a
refuting statement.
Example: While some people think that there is no way to divorce-proof your marriage, studies have
shown that there are fewer divorces when people carefully prepare for that commitment.

In this example, you state one side of the argument "there is no way to divorce-proof your marriage" and refute
it by saying "there are fewer divorces when people carefully prepare for that commitment."

3. Roadmap: An additional way to make a strong thesis is to do a "Roadmap" which tells three or more main
points that you will cover.

Example: While some people think that there is no way to divorce-proof your marriage, studies have
shown that there are fewer divorces when people carefully prepare for that commitment by taking the
time to get to know the other person before becoming engaged; by spending time with one another's
family and friends; by talking about hot-button issues like finances; and by getting extensive premarital
counselling.

This is an example of a really strong thesis statement in which you state a claim, your stance on the claim, and
the main points or arguments that will back up your stance.

BODY PARAGRAPHS
Paragraph 2 (1st Argument)
1. Insert a Topic Sentence
A topic sentence is a sentence that expresses the main idea of the paragraph in which it occurs
2. Introduce your Evidences (facts, statistics, quotes, examples)
3. Explain your Evidences
4. Insert a Concluding Sentence

Example:
(Topic Sentence) A key reason why capital punishment should not be used in Texas is that there is always the
possibility of executing an innocent person. (Introduction of Evidence) For example, in April 1999, Gerald
Wilkins, who served twelve years on death row in an Illinois prison, was found not guilty of the crime of which
he was convicted because of a new DNA evidence (Wallace 12). (Explanation of Evidence) If Mr. Wilkins’
sentence ‘death by lethal injection’ had been carried out promptly, an innocent man would have died.
Fortunately, he was still waiting for his execution date, and this made it possible to partially correct the error of
his conviction. Gerald Wilkins’ situation, however, is not an isolated case. (Insert another evidence and
explanation). (Concluding Sentence) As long as Texas continues to sentence convicted people to death, there
will always be a possibility of executing an innocent person.

Paragraph 3 (2nd argument)


1. Insert a Topic Sentence
2. Introduce Your Evidences (facts, statistics, quotes, examples)
3. Explain Your Evidences
4. Insert a Concluding Sentence

Paragraph 4 (counter-argument)
1. Identify the opposing argument
2. Respond to it by discussing the reasons why the argument is incomplete, weak, unsound, or illogical
3. Explain your response by providing evidences
4. Close by stating your own argument and why your argument is stronger than the identified counter-
argument
CONCLUSION (Paragraph 5)
1. Restate the thesis statement
2. Recount the arguments you used to support your position
3. Call to action

IFL (Integration of Faith & Learning)


The aim of argument should not be victory but progress.
–Joseph Joubert–

References
An Argumentative Essay Outline. (2020). Retrieved from https://chiefessays.net/an-argumentative-essay-
outline/

Developing Body Paragraph. Retrieved from https://www.tamiu.edu/uc/writingcenter/documents/Developing


BodyParagraphsAB.pdf

Kearney, V. (April 2020). How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step by Step. Retrieved from
https://owlocation.
Com/academia/How-to-Write-an-Argument-Essay

Strong Body Paragraphs. https://depts.washington.edu/owrc/Handouts/Strong%20Body%20Paragraphs.pdf

Writing a Counterarguments Paragraph. (2019). Retrieved by https://writingcenter.ashford.edu/counterargument

Wyson, J.D. (2019). English for Academic and Professional Purposes. K to 12 Revised Edition. 1253 G.
Araneta Avenue cor. Ma. Clara Street, Talayan, Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc.

Be Active (Exercise/Activity)
Enumerate some techniques that you may employ in the art of argumentation.
Criteria on Score
Argumentative
(1) Explain your response by providing evidences Essay Writing
Introduction 5
(2)Explain Your Evidences (Paragraph 1)
(10 pts.)
(3)Introduce Your Evidences (facts, statistics, quotes, examples) Body Paragraphs (5 pts. each)

Ignite (Evaluation)
Paragraph 2 3
(1st argument)
Paragraph 3 3
(2nd argument)
Paragraph 4 0
(counter-argument)
Conclusion 3
(Paragraph 5)
(10 pts.)
Total: 35/35 16/30
Make an argumentative essay on a topic of your choice. Consider the outline and criteria on argumentative
essay writing. Be sure to support your arguments by including in-text citation and bibliography.

In-text Citation Example: (Wyson, 2019)

Bibliography Example: (Book)


Wyson, J.D. (2019). English for Academic and Professional Purposes. K to 12 Revised
Edition. 1253 G. Araneta Avenue cor. Ma. Clara Street, Talayan, Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc.

Name: Joneighbel B. Bulahan

Do dreams have symbolic meanings?


Over the years, people have wondered, why do we dream?Do dreams have symbolic meanings? Do they tell us
what the future will be? Dreams are basically stories that we set out overnight in our head; they may follow or
be different from a structured story. Scientists estimate that in one night we have about 3-6 dreams and the next
morning about 95% of these dreams are forgotten(Sam Atherton). Basically, each and every single one of us
dreams, but figuring and interpreting what they actually means is still a mystery to all of us. So, why do we
dream? “Dreaming is a thinking process. In fact, it is a continuation of your thoughts from the day. That chatter
in your head that goes on all day long continues as you drift off to sleep, and, once you enter REM(Rapid eye
movement) sleep, when dreaming takes place, those thoughts continue in symbols and metaphors instead of in
words.”(Loewenberg, Laura Quinn). (What is your claim? Do you agree that dreams have symbolic meanings?)
According to Dr. Richard Branson, During REM, the brain is working differently to when we are awake. "Your
dreams provide you metaphoric commentary on yourself," Through the dreaming process, you are continuing
your thoughts about your day. When we sleep, we actually could not recognize that we already are in our
dreams and thought that in our dreams we are in reality, but with a disturbance or noise that will happen while
sleeping can get you out of your dream and possibly could not get back in that scenario of that specific
dream.According to research, humans spends about 30% of their time in sleeping. Also, many have said that
they sleep to forget, forget the reality to have good realities on dreams that are basically made up of our
fantasies we tend to imagine. Despite of this, some people still don’t believe the interpretations because they
believe that it is none sense and they are based on myths, anyhow, It is believed to have different meanings and
interpretations and many have studied and dig up some symbolic and interpretations about this.
The stories of dreams date back all the way back to more than 5,000 years ago. These were the times when on
clay tablets, they would always write things down. We were still interested back then in what dreams meant.
Dreams were interpreted in a religious context during the Greek and Roman periods. They would be perceived
as a blessing from God if they were good dreams, while bad ones were from demons(Dream moods, 2013).
Besides that, there are different theories about dreams having meaning and “Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis”
is one neurobiological theory of dreaming. The psychiatrists from Harvard University, John Allan Hobson and
Robert McCarley, proposed this. The theory states that dreams really mean nothing. Instead they are merely
electric brain impulses that take our memories from random thoughts and imagery. The theory implies that
when they wake up, humans create dream stories. This is a natural attempt at making sense of everything.
However,
According to Sigmund Freud, the first person to study dreams, his theory argued that dreams are “wish-
fulfillment” or symbolic messages of unconscious or unknown wants and desires. Freud’s theory has no
scientific support if dreams can really be interpreted or this may have meanings. Nonetheless, I still believe that
dreams have symbolic meanings. There are common interpretations of scenarios that we have in our dreams.
Such like; Falling symbolizes insecurity and anxiety. Flying typically, means that they are top on top of things.
Being chased is said to mean that someone is running away from problems. Running symbolizes trying to
escape something in life. Stepping shit in your dream is said that you will have money in reality. Dream about
storm or flood is said to mean of loss, catastrophe, shock, or struggle in life etc. These are just few of the
examples about the meanings and interpretations of dreams.
(Where is your counter-argument? It should argue that dreams don’t have symbolic meanings)
In conclusion, People believe in different kinds of theories. Some believed that dreams are just images and
memories that we made up in our minds while others believes that this is a sign or a meaning of something that
may happen in future. There are many facts about all of this and people are searching for if this is true,
nevertheless, do dreams have symbolic meanings?I believe yes, yes they have.

Bibliography (2)
Goleman, D. (1984, July 10). DO DREAMS REALLY CONTAIN IMPORTANT SECRET MEANING? The
New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/10/science/do-dreams-really-contain-important-secret-
meaning.html
Dreams have Symbolic Meaning - The Psychology Of. (n.d.-a). Harvard College.
https://sites.google.com/a/haverford.edu/the-psychology-of/group-photos/dreams-have-symbolic-meaning
Reed, M. (2016). Just a dream? A student essay. International Journal of Dream Research, 10, 88–89.
https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/47622
Atherton, S. (2020, November 1). What Do Our Dreams Mean? The Theories Behind Dream Meanings. The
Sleep Matters Club. https://www.dreams.co.uk/sleep-matters-club/do-people-actually-believe-dreams-mean-
something-to-us/
Essay UK, Dreams And Dream Interpretation. Available from: <https://www.essay.uk.com/coursework/dreams-
and-dream-interpretation.php> [22-11-20].
Dreams And Dreams - 1893 Words | Bartleby. (n.d.). Bartleby. https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Dreams-And-
Dreams-P3752N92LBQW

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