Introduction

Introduction to
to International
International Foreign Policy
Relations
Relations 
 Foreign
Foreign policy
policy can
can bebe defined
defined as
as aa
relationship
relationship between
between sovereign
sovereign states.
states.
It
It is
is aa reflection
reflection ofof domestic
domestic politics.
politics.
Foreign
Foreign Policy,
Policy, National
National Interest
Interest 
 Foreign
Foreign policy
policy is
is aa plan
plan to
to establish
establish
and
and Diplomacy
Diplomacy relations
relations with with other
other countries
countries with
with the
the
purpose
purpose of of protecting
protecting and and promoting
promoting its
its
Course
CourseFacilitator:
Facilitator:
Inayatullah
Inayatullah Magsi
Magsi
national
national interests.
interests.
Lecturer,
Lecturer,Allied
AlliedSubjects
SubjectsDepartment
Sindh
SindhMadressatul
MadressatulIslam
Department
IslamUniversity,
University,Karachi-Pakistan
Karachi-Pakistan 
 Foreign
Foreign policy
policy can
can promote
promote both
both
national
national interest
interest and
and internationalism.
internationalism.

Need
Need and
and importance
importance of
of foreign
foreign policy
policy Determinants
Determinants of
of Pakistan’s
Pakistan’s foreign
foreign policy
policy


 In
In the
the age
age of
of globalization,
globalization, the the world
world 
 Geography
Geography
have
have become
become interdependent.
interdependent. No No country
country 
 Ideology
Ideology
of the world, even the soul superpower
of the world, even the soul superpower 
 Public
Public opinion
opinion
of
of the
the world
world USA,
USA, can
can survive
survive 
 Leadership
Leadership
independently
independently and and in
in isolation.
isolation. Therefore
Therefore 
 Social
Social structure
structure
every
every country
country strives
strives for
for establishing
establishing  External
 External Factors
Factors
relations
relations with
with other
other countries,
countries, with
with the
the 
 International
International law
law and
and United
United Nations
Nations
purpose
purpose ofof protecting
protecting its its economic
economic 
 Power
Power structure
structure of
of the
the international
international system
system
interests and security interests.
interests and security interests. (Regional
(Regional power
power &
& great
great powers)
powers)

Determining
Determining factors
factors that
that are
are responsible
responsible
for
for shaping Pakistan’s foreign policy
shaping Pakistan’s foreign policy
What is National Interest
The
The word
word ‘Interest’
‘Interest’ isis derived
derived from
from

 Administrative
Administrative Troika
Troika Latin
Latin and
and means
means ‘it
‘it concerns,
concerns, or or it
it

 Ministry
Ministry of
of Foreign
Foreign Affairs
Affairs makes
makes aa difference
difference to’.
to’.

 Intelligence
Intelligence Agencies
Agencies According
According toto the
the French
French scholar,
scholar,

 Political
Political Parties
Parties && Pressure
Pressure Groups
Groups the
the national
national interest
interest is is aa country's
country's

 Parliament
Parliament goals
goals and
and desires,
desires, whether
whether
economic,
economic, military,
military, or
or cultural.
cultural.
 National Interest Diplomacy

 National
National Interest
Interest is is aa key
key concept
concept in in IR.
IR.

 The
The foreign
foreign policy
policy of of each
each nation
nation is
is
formulated
formulated on on thethe basis
basis ofof its
its national
national
The
The art
art and
and practice
practice of
of
interest
interest and
and itit is
is always
always at at work
work for
for conducting
conducting negotiations
negotiations
securing
securing its
its goals.
goals. between
between nations
nations

A A state
state always
always triestries to
to justify
justify its
its (particularly
(particularly in
in securing
securing treaties).
treaties).
actions
actions on
on the
the basis
basis of of its
its national
national
interest.
interest.

Definitions of Diplomacy What is Diplomacy

Management
Management of of International
International Diplomacy
Diplomacy isis neither
neither the
the
Relations invention
invention nor
nor the
the pastime
pastime ofof
Relations by
by negotiations.
negotiations.
some
some particular
particular political
political system,
system,
The
The process
process of
of Conducting
Conducting but
but is
is an
an essential
essential element
element inin any
any
Communication
Communication among States
States reasonable
reasonable relation
relation between
between
through
through Officially
Officially Recognized
Recognized man
man and
and man
man and
and between
between
Representatives.
Representatives. nation
nation and
and nation.
nation.

Origin of Diplomacy Functions of Diplomacy

The
The Peace
Peace of
of Westphalia
Westphalia in
in 1648
1648 
 According
According to
to Palmer
Palmer and
and Perkins
Perkins aa
created
created the
the first
first modern
modern Diplomat
Diplomat has
has five
five Functions:
Functions:
diplomatic 
 Representation
Representation
diplomatic congress
congress in
in addition
addition

 Negotiations
Negotiations
to
to creating
creating aa new
new world
world order
order 
 Reporting
Reporting
in
in Central
Central Europe
Europe based
based on
on 
 Protections
Protections of
of national
national Interest
Interest abroad
abroad
state
state sovereignty.
sovereignty. Much
Much of
of the
the 
 Maintenance
Maintenance ofof International
International peace
peace and
and
Europe
Europe began
began toto change.
change. promotion of peace and cooperation
promotion of peace and cooperation
 IR and Diplomacy Types of Diplomacy
International
International Traditional
Traditional // Old
Old Diplomacy
Diplomacy
Relations Diplomacy Modern
Modern // New
New Diplomacy
Relations Diplomacy

 Traditional
Traditional Diplomacy
Diplomacy was
was based
based on
on
Bilateral
Bilateral Diplomacy
Diplomacy which
which was
was system
system
State,
State, President,
President, // policy
policy of
of 18th
18th Century.
Century.
Foreign
Foreign
General,
General, Diplomat,
Diplomat, Minister 
 Modern
Modern Diplomacy
Diplomacy started
started since
since 19th
19th
Minister Offices
Offices
Minister,
Minister, Society,
Society, Century,
Century, based
based on
on Multilateral
Multilateral
&
& Embassy
Embassy
Individual
Individual Diplomacy.
Diplomacy.

Functions of Diplomacy Types

Types of
of Diplomatic
Diplomatic Missions
Missions
Representing
Representing State
State Interest
Interest 
 Embassy
Embassy
Symbolic
Symbolic Representation
Representation 
 AA diplomatic
diplomatic mission
mission located
located inin the
the capital
capital
Policymaking
Policymaking byby Diplomats
Diplomats city
city of
of another
another country
country which
which generally
generally offer
offer
Obtaining aa full
full range
range ofof services,
services, including
including consular
consular
Obtaining Information
Information
services.
services.
Promoting
Promoting and
and Protecting
Protecting the
the Interests
Interests 
 High
High Commission
Commission
of
of Nations
Nations  An embassy
 An embassy of of aa Commonwealth
Commonwealth countrycountry
located
located inin another
another Commonwealth
Commonwealth country.
country.
These
These Functions
Functions Focus
Focus on
on the
the Diplomatic
Diplomatic crops
crops 
 Permanent
Permanent Mission
Mission
headed
headed by
by an
an Ambassador
Ambassador  A diplomatic
 A diplomatic mission
mission to
to aa major
major international
international
organization.
organization.

Types
Types of
of Diplomatic
Diplomatic Missions
Missions A
A Diplomat
Diplomat

 Consulate
Consulate General
General 

 AA diplomat
diplomat isis aa person
person appointed
appointed by by aa
 AA diplomatic
diplomatic mission
mission located
located in
in aa major
major city,
city,
other
other than the capital city, which provides aa full
than the capital city, which provides full
state
state to
to conduct
conduct diplomacy
diplomacy with
with another
another
range
range of
of services,
services, including
including consular
consular services.
services. state or international organization.
state or international organization.

 Consulate
Consulate 
 The
The main
main functions
functions of of diplomats
diplomats revolve
revolve

 AA diplomatic
diplomatic mission
mission that
that isis similar
similar to
to aa
consulate
consulate general, but which does not provide
general, but which does not provide aa
around
around the
the representation
representation and and
full range of services.
full range of services. protection
protection of the interests and nationals
of the interests and nationals

 Consulate
Consulate Headed
Headed by
by Honorary
Honorary Consul
Consul of
of the
the sending
sending state,
state, as
as well
well as
as the
the

 AA diplomatic
diplomatic mission
mission headed
headed by by an
an Honorary
Honorary promotion
promotion of of information
information andand friendly
friendly
Consul
Consul which
which provides
provides only
only aa limited
limited range
range of
of
services.
services.
relations.
relations.
 Merits
Merits of
of Diplomacy
Diplomacy

 Helps
Helps in
in Negotiation
Negotiation and
and facilitations.
facilitations.

 Use
Use of
of Soft
Soft power
power methods
methods ensure
ensure
international
international peace.
peace.

 Promotes
Promotes Universal
Universal Brotherhood.
Brotherhood. THANK
THANK YOU
YOU

 Helps
Helps in
in formulation
formulation ofof foreign
foreign policy
policy
taking
taking into
into account
account various
various factors
factors
necessary
necessary for
for aa successful
successful relationship.
relationship.

 Dispute
Dispute resolution.
resolution.

 Represent
Represent thethe national
national interest
interest in
in
international forum.
international forum.