AMERICAN FABRICATION AND ERECTION SPECIFICATION

670.200*
Process Piping Revision 1
April 2001
Page 1 of 17

RESPONSIBLE GROUP: Construction Engineering *Formerly CES 200

Denotes Revision

Table of Contents

Section Title Page

1. Purpose 2
2. Scope 2
3. Related Documents 2
4. Pipe Work 3
5. Qualifications Required for Welding Procedures, Welders, and Welding 4
Operators
6. Weld-Joint Preparation 4
7. Welding Procedure 5
8. Qualifications Required for Brazing Procedures, Brazers, and Brazing 7
Operations
9. Silver Brazing 7
10. Threaded Joints 8
11. Equipment and Pipe Supports, Guides, and Anchors 9
12. Underground Piping 9
13. Cleaning of Pipe and Associated Systems 9
14. Piping Tolerances 10
15. Inspection 11
16. Pressure Testing 12
17. Painting 12
18. Miscellaneous 12
19. Power-Boiler Piping 13
20. Patching, Replacement, and Modification of Existing Work 13
21. Prefabricated Piping: Marking and Preparation for Shipment 13
22. Prefabricated Piping: Scheduling and Monitoring 14
23. Prefabricated Piping: Fabrication Errors 14
24. Prefabricated Piping: Drawings 14
25. Prefabricated Piping: Field Installation 15

Figure 1 Pipe Work Tolerances 16

Appendix A Approved Pipe Thread Sealants 17

Authorization for this document is on file in the GEO Standards Department.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 2 of 17
1. PURPOSE

1.1 This fabrication and erection specification defines for the contractor (field installation) and/or
supplier (prefabrication) the minimum requirements for material, fabrication, cleaning,
installation, and testing of a process piping system.

2. SCOPE

2.1 This specification applies to all process piping systems within the designated facility battery
limits.

2.2 This specification is not complete unless coupled with one of the following lead fabrication and
erection specifications.

670.201 Process Piping: Air Separation Units

670.202 Process Piping: Chemicals
670.203 Process Piping - HYCO

2.3 If a conflict exists between the requirements in this specification and the lead specification, the
lead specification shall govern.

2.4 The scope of work that is required of the contractor includes (but is not limited to) fabricating, blast
cleaning, decontaminating, testing, and the furnishing and installing of all pipe, tubing, pipe fittings,
valves, gaskets, bolts and nuts, welding rod, solder, flux, thread dope, lead, hemp, and valve
packing, (as required) to complete the piping systems so they are ready for on-stream operation.
Except as modified herein, fabrication, welding, brazing and inspection of all piping shall be
according to ASME B31.3.

2.5 The supplier of prefabricated pipe shall furnish all materials, labor, services, tools, consumables and
equipment required to fabricate, clean, inspect and prepare for shipment prefabricated piping
according to the contract drawings and these specifications. In addition, the scope of work includes
the shop prefabrication of piping sizes DN65 (NPS 2 1/2) and larger (or as identified on contract
specifications) using carbon steel, stainless steel, Monel, and aluminum materials as indicated on the
contract drawings and purchase requisition/purchase order. Fabrication and inspection of all piping
shall be according to ASME B31.3, except as modified herein. The supplier shall furnish all materials
except those indicated as furnished by Air Products on the consolidated bill of materials. When field
joints are not indicated on the contract drawings, the supplier shall locate them at the natural points
of separation (e.g., valves, fittings, equipment nozzles) and at random-length pipe ends.

3. RELATED DOCUMENTS

3.1 The current edition, amendments and/or addenda of the following codes, standards and
specifications at the time of contract award shall govern, except as modified in this specification:

3.2 Air Products Engineering Documents

4WPI-SW70001 Standard Clean (Class SC) Inspection and Acceptance Requirements

668.102 Shop Painting of Equipment
668.104 Field Painting
670.219 Pressure Testing Process Piping and Equipment
670.221 Metallic Pressurized Underground Process, Potable, Utility and Firewater
Piping
670.222 Nonmetallic Pressurized Underground Process, Potable, Utility, and Firewater
Piping
670.230 Field Installation of Expansion Joints and Flexible Hoses
670.233 Field Installation of Pipe Supports Welded to Operating Piping
500 to 590 Series Sections as listed in contract drawings

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
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 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 3 of 17
3.3 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

BPVC, Section I Power Boilers

BPVC, Section V Nondestructive Examination
BPVC, Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications
B31.3 Process Piping

3.4 American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. (ASNT)

SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice

3.5 Pipe Fabrication Institute (PFI)

ES-24 Pipe Bending Methods, Tolerances, Process and Material Requirements

ES-31 Standard for Protection of Ends of Fabricated Piping Assemblies

4. PIPE WORK

4.1 The contractor or supplier shall perform all piping work according to the current editions of the
applicable codes, specifications, and standards as listed in other sections of the above specifications.
In addition, the following paragraphs (4.1.1 through 4.1.17) shall apply.

4.1.1 In place of tees (except in switch valve piping systems), saddles and welding bosses (such as
weldolets) of the proper material and adequate pressure rating may be used. Unless specifically
shown on the drawings or as specified in the material specifications, the contractor or
supplier shall not do branch welding (stub-ins).

4.1.2 Whenever branch connections are specified, they shall be welded according to ASME B31.3, Chapter
V, Figure 328.5.4.D. Branch connections shall not intersect the longitudinal seam of welded pipe
headers.

4.1.3 The longitudinal seams of welded pipe in adjoining pipe sections shall be staggered 15 degrees or
more.

4.1.4 All flange bolt holes shall straddle the natural centerlines in all directions.

4.1.5 Large fabricated tees and mitered bends shall be backwelded on the inside of the fittings. For
mitered bends in pipe sizes DN350 (NPS 14) and larger, an extra segment shall be included to allow
inside welding.

4.1.6 All copper tube and fittings shall be silver brazed, unless otherwise stated.

4.1.7 All copper tube to stainless steel joints shall be silver brazed.

4.1.8 Pipe bends are permitted when identified on the applicable piping specification(s).

4.1.9 The open ends of all pipes, valves, and spool pieces must be capped, plugged, or covered at all times
until final connections are made. Wood and/or rag plugs are not acceptable and shall not be
used.

4.1.10 Line-up clamps or jacks (manufactured by Leon Phariss, Tulsa, OK, or equivalent) shall be used when
necessary to provide the proper fit when joining together out-of-round piping. Come-alongs, chain
falls, or jacks shall not be used to exert undue forces on piping systems when trying to align piping
spool pieces for field assembly.

4.1.11 Thermowells will be furnished by Air Products and shall be installed according to the contract
drawings.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 4 of 17
4.1.12 For Dresser Coupling rod attachments, lugs of the material and size required by the drawings
shall be welded in the position shown on the drawings. For a two-rod harness, lugs shall be
positioned on the horizontal centerline of the field-installed assembly. For a four-rod harness,
lugs shall be positioned to straddle the natural centerlines of the field-installed assembly.

4.1.13 For support or hanger attachments, lugs of the material and size required by the drawings shall
be welded in the position shown on the drawings. Fabrication of lugs shall be complete with all
holes drilled and edges smoothed. All lugs welded to pipe shall be dye-penetrant checked.

4.1.14 Pipe ends shall be grooved for Victaulic Couplings, when required. Tolerances for groove and pipe
out-of-roundness must comply with the manufacturer's recommendations and any Air Products
requirements.

4.1.15 The use of purge dams is not permitted unless approved by the Air Products representative.
Other means of purging shall be attempted (e.g., full-sheet gaskets, valving in the system,
backing rings) before installing purge dams. The contractor must show evidence of a quality
assurance (QA) system, such as a log, to ensure these dams are controlled and accounted for.
When a full-sheet gasket is used, it must be made with a "tab" or "handle" identifying its location.

4.1.16 Tolerances shall be as shown on Figure 1.

4.1.17 When handling painted spools, the contractor shall use nylon slings or chokers to prevent
damage to the paint coating. The cost of any rework to the paint coating will be to the
contractor's account.

5. QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR WELDING PROCEDURES, WELDERS, AND WELDING

OPERATORS

5.1 All pipe welding, including attachment welds to piping, shall be made by qualified welders and
welding operators using qualified procedures as developed by the contractor or supplier. Except
as modified herein, qualifications shall be according to the requirements of ASME BPVC,
Section IX.

5.2 The contractor or supplier shall submit three copies of all welding-performance qualifications (WPQ)
and related procedural qualification record (PQR), according to the applicable codes, to the
Air Products representative within two weeks after the award. Air Products shall approve welding
procedures in writing before initiating production of any welding.

5.3 Each welder shall be qualified. The welder's WPQ shall be on file in the contractor's job-site
office or the supplier's office and a copy shall be given to the Air Products representative.
Qualification shall have been made within the time limits as specified in applicable code.

5.4 The cost of all qualifications shall be borne by the contractor or supplier.

6. WELD-JOINT PREPARATION

6.1 The contractor or supplier shall prepare all welding joints according to the specified code and the
following:

6.1.1 To provide good piping/fitting fit-up, stainless steel pipe shall be cut only by mechanical devices.

6.1.2 All branch and mitered connections in switch-valve piping shall be prepared for a full penetration
weld and/or backwelded.

6.1.3 All socket-weld joints shall have a 1.5 mm (1/16 in) gap between the pipe end and socket bottom
of the fitting.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 5 of 17
6.1.4 All slip-on flanges shall be welded from both sides.

6.2 Backing Rings

6.2.1 Backing rings, when allowed as designated in paragraphs 7.2 and 7.3, shall be Robvon plain (or
equal). The backing ring composition shall match the P number pipe base metal composition.

7. WELDING PROCEDURE

7.1 Nomenclature Used in Welding Sections

FCAW Flux Cored Welding

GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG)
GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG)
SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Welding (Coated Electrode/Stick)

7.2 The following welding processes are permitted for making one-sided groove welds:

• Stainless steel, Monel, and Inconel welded to each other or to carbon steel: For Schedules 5
and 10, only GTAW shall be used for the root bead and the balance of the weld. For heavier
piping, the root bead shall be made with GTAW; the balance of the weld may be made using
another Air Products-approved welding process. All welding shall be made using an internal
gas purge of either argon or nitrogen gas. The use of backing rings is not permitted
except for final closure welds when approved by the Air Products representative on a
case-by-case basis. Final closure welds are those welds where prefabricated piping is
installed to a fixed component in the piping system resulting in positional welding where the
ability to obtain a uniform root pass is impaired and/or extensive purging would be required to
weld successfully. Typically, these should be less than approximately 15% of the total number
of welds. Locations where backing rings have had to be used must be recorded in the
construction records.

• Carbon steel in oxygen service or for oil lube lines: The root bead shall be made with
GTAW and the balance may be made using another Air Products-approved process. The use
of backing rings is not permitted.

• Carbon steel and chrome moly: Root bead welding will be made by either (1) GTAW, (2) on
carbon steel only, SMAW using backing rings, for girth joints (not included branch
connections), (3) GMAW - short circuit if automated and rolled, (4) GMAW - short circuit
semi-auto on joints that cannot be rolled, but have access for visual inspection and grinding of
the internal bead, as needed. The balance of the weld may be made using another approved
welding process.

Note: GMAW - short circuit is permitted only for making the root bead. If FCAW is used,
supplemental gas shielding must be provided.

7.3 Welds of orifice flanges shall be made without the use of backing rings. The upstream and
downstream welds shall be ground internally so that the inside diameter (ID) at the weld is within
1% of the published ID for the schedule of pipe specified. Any purchased meter runs require
installation in the process pipe at the upstream and downstream ends without the use of backing
rings. Backing rings shall be used for aluminum welds and removed after welding unless there is
sufficient access to complete a double-sided weld. In either case, the inside of the pipe shall be
ground as described above.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 6 of 17
7.4 Welding filler metals shall be as follows:

Base Metal Bare Wire**** Coated Electrode****

CS to CS SFA5.18 ER70S-2 SFA5.1 E6010

A53 and A106. SFA5.28 ER80S-D2 E7016
E7018

304 to 304 and 304L SFA5.9 ER308 SFA5.4 E316L-15*

304L to 304L SFA5.9 ER308L SFA5.4 E316L-15*
304 to 316 SFA5.9 ER316 SFA5.4 E316L-15*
316 to 316L SFA5.9 ER316L SFA5.4 E316L-15*

316 to 321 SFA5.9 ER347 SFA5.4 E347

321 to 321
347 to 347

CS to 300 Series SS SFA5.9 ER309 SFA5.4 E309

CS to Monel SFA5.14 ERNi-1 (Nickel 61)** SFA5.11 ENiCu-7 (Monel 190)**

SS to Monel SFA5.14 ERNiCr-3 (Inconel 82)** SFA5.11 ENiCrFe-3 (Inconel 182)**

Monel to Monel SFA5.14 ERNiCu-7 (Monel 60)** SFA5.11 ENiCu-7 (Monel 190)**

2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo to
2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo, or to SFA5.28 ER-90S-B3*** SFA5.5 E9018-B3***
1 1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo

1 1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo to SFA5.28 ER80S-B2*** SFA5.5 E8018-B2***

1 1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo

CS to 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo SFA5.18 ER70S-2 SFA5.1 E7018

CS to 1 1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo SFA5.28 ER80S-D2

Incoloy 800 and 800 H SFA5.14, ERNiCrCoMo-1 SFA5.11, ENiCrCoMo-1

(Inconel 617)** (Inconel 117)**

Notes:
* Ferrite Number 3 maximum such as Cryosan E316L-15 by Sandvik Steel or Kryokay
E316L-15 by Teledyne McKay, or approved equal when Charpy impact testing is
required.

** INCO Brand: Other manufacturers' brands are acceptable provided they are the same
specification/classification.

*** The "L" grade for bare wire and coated electrode is also acceptable. All socketwelds
shall be dye checked and buttwelds shall be 100% radiographed.

**** For materials not listed, the Air Products representative must approve the filler metal
and procedure to be used.

7.5 Materials that are being welded shall be carefully fit, aligned, and retained in position during the
welding operation. Adequate and proper tackwelding will be considered acceptable. Tacks shall not
obstruct a full-penetration weld.

7.6 The inside surfaces of piping components to be joined by buttwelding shall be aligned so that the
misalignment at any point on the inside circumference does not exceed 1.5 mm (1/16 in) or 1/4 of
the nominal thickness of the component with the thinner wall, whichever is smaller.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 7 of 17
7.7 Before starting to weld, tacks must be thoroughly cleaned.

7.8 At least one pass per 3 mm (1/8 in) of wall thickness shall be made. Downhill welding, using SMAW
(stick) process, is prohibited. Slag shall be removed before depositing succeeding layers. The
finished weld shall be uniform with the toe or edge of the weld merging smoothly into the base metal.
Butt welds shall have a slight, gradual reinforcement built up from toe or edge toward the center of
the weld. Fillet welds may be slightly concave on the finished surface. No undercutting or
overlapping is permitted.

7.9 Should cracks or blow holes occur on the surface of any welding bead, they shall be chipped or
ground out to remove the defect, and then wire brushed to present a surface from which complete
fusion may be obtained with the next successive welding bead. Peening to cover defects shall not be
allowed.

7.10 Welding by creating a heat pattern at a circumferential joint can "draw in" the weld and the base
metal in the heat-affected zone, thereby creating a "belling in" and giving a reduction in the area of
the pipe or tube. This belling or distortion is undesirable and the following limitations are placed on it:

7.10.1 The belling or distortion tolerance may not exceed 1% of the actual outside diameter (OD) or 1.5 mm
(1/16 in), whichever is larger. This belling or distortion can be measured by comparing the actual OD
at the belled or distorted area.

7.10.2 For carbon steel welding, each welder shall identify the welder's specific production welds by
stamping the welder's regularly assigned identification number on the pipe adjacent to the welds
made in all carbon steel material. Stamps shall be low-stress type with a round or "U"-shaped cross
section.

7.10.3 For stainless steel welding, each welder shall identify the welder's specific production welds by
etching (with an electric pencil) the welder's regularly assigned identification number on the pipe
adjacent to the welds made in all stainless steel material.

8. QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR BRAZING PROCEDURES, BRAZERS, AND BRAZING

OPERATIONS

8.1 All pipe and tube brazing shall be made according to qualified procedures as developed by the
contractor and by qualified brazers and brazing operators according to ASME BPVC, Section IX.

8.2 Within one week after the award, the contractor shall submit to the Air Products representative two
copies of all brazing procedure specifications (BPS) and related brazing procedure qualification
(BPQ) records according to the applicable codes.

8.2.1 Brazing procedures shall be approved by Air Products before initiating production of brazing.

8.3 Each brazer shall be qualified. The brazer's performance qualification record shall be on file at the
contractor's job site office and a copy shall be given to the Air Products representative. Qualification
shall have been made within the time limits specified in the applicable code.

8.4 The cost of all qualifications shall be borne by the contractor.

9. SILVER BRAZING

9.1 The contractor shall perform all silver brazing according to the following:

9.1.1 Fittings shall be round, true, and new. Fittings (once brazed) shall not be reused unless approved by
the Air Products representative.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
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 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 8 of 17
9.1.2 Copper pipe and tube shall be cut to the desired length with a square cut in a square-end sawing vise
or with a power saw (true to size), and then deburred and cleaned. Tube cutters shall not be used
unless the tube is internally deburred.

9.1.3 Pipe or tube and socket shall be cleaned to bright metal immediately before brazing. The pipe or
tube shall be cleaned for a distance slightly more than the depth of the fitting socket. Cleaning shall
be done carefully so that the proper clearance is maintained between the pipe or tube and fitting.

9.1.4 Flux shall be applied to both members immediately before brazing.

9.1.5 Silver brazing operators shall use approved techniques that will produce joints of 100% penetration
of full socket depth consistently.

9.1.6 Whenever possible, solder joints shall receive an internal visual inspection by optical inspection
devices.

9.1.7 Brazing filler materials for copper-to-copper, copper-to-stainless, and stainless-to-stainless braze
joints shall meet the requirements of BAg-7 (Braze 560 or equal) of ASME SFA5.8.
Cadmium-containing filler materials are prohibited. Brazing flux shall be an American Welding
Society, Inc. (AWS) brazing flux Type 3A (Handy Harmon flux).

9.1.8 Solder joints shall be kept as far as possible from threaded joints. In all cases, the distance shall be
sufficient to prevent the heat of soldering from destroying the effective seal of the thread sealant.

9.1.9 All joints that show evidence of overheating, cracking, poor penetration, or other defects of fit up or
workmanship shall be replaced as directed by the Air Products representative.

9.1.10 Each brazing operator shall identify the operator's specific work by making the operator's regularly
assigned identification symbol on the tube adjacent to the joint at the time the joint is made in the
manner approved by the Air Products representative.

9.1.11 All brazed joints shall be subject to the inspection of the Air Products representative. The contractor
shall, at the discretion of the Air Products representative, periodically monitor brazing operators'
techniques by cutting brazed joints out-of-line, then sawing them in half and pulling them apart.

9.2 This monitoring shall be compensated for as follows:

9.2.1 Defective joints and their repair shall be to the contractor's account. Sound joints, which have been
destructively tested as indicated above, will be paid for by Air Products.

9.3 Should testing under other sections of these specifications reveal unsound brazed joints, the
contractor shall disassemble and replace fittings with new material or, with the Air Products
representative's approval, re-clean to a bright finish and reassemble those joints that were deemed
unsatisfactory.

10. THREADED JOINTS

10.1 The contractor (and prefabrication supplier when required by the job specification) shall make up
all threaded piping with as few joints as possible. All threaded joints shall be made with clean-cut
taper threads conforming to American National Standard Taper Pipe Threads (NPT) thread
dimensions. Piping shall be reamed of burrs and kept clean of scale, dirt, and chips. All
connections shall be permanently gas- and water-tight. Unions shall be provided as shown on the
drawings or as required for proper assembly and disassembly. Couplings shall not be used
except where the pipe is more than 4.9 m (16 ft) in a straight length between fittings.

10.2 All threaded joints shall be made using approved pipe thread sealants listed in Appendix A.

10.2.1 Substitution of other materials without prior written approval of Air Products is prohibited.

10.2.2 Application shall be according to manufacturer's instructions and recommendations.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 9 of 17
11. EQUIPMENT AND PIPE SUPPORTS, GUIDES, AND ANCHORS

11.1 Unless otherwise indicated on the contract drawings, the contractor or supplier shall furnish and
install all materials, equipment, pipe supports, guides, and anchors required by the contract drawings
and these specifications. The contractor shall provide adequate support for a satisfactory operating
installation.

11.2 Although not specifically indicated on the contract drawings, the contractor shall adequately and
permanently support all piping DN65 (NPS 2 1/2) and smaller as part of the contract work.

11.3 The contractor shall use beam clamps and mechanical attachments to support piping from structural
steel members. Supports shall be welded to structural members only when specifically required by
the contract drawings. Otherwise, field welding, burning, or drilling will not be permitted.

11.4 During the construction period, the contractor shall furnish and install necessary temporary piping
and equipment supports. As permanent supports are installed, the contractor shall remove these
temporary supports.

11.5 The contractor shall furnish and install anchor bolts, expansion shields, and bolts as required to erect
and attach supports.

11.6 All pipes passing through masonry construction shall be fitted with pipe sleeves. Sleeves shall be
standard-weight steel pipe of sufficient length and diameter to pass through the entire thickness of
the floor or wall and shall be cut flush with each surface, except as otherwise specified. The
contractor shall furnish and set all sleeves and be responsible for their proper and permanent
location.

11.7 Any welding to process piping after pressure testing will require the following as described in
670.233.

• For attachment welds (i.e., pipe supports), a visual and liquid-penetrant examination of the weld is
required. Re-pressure testing is not required.

• For welds that require full penetration and become a pressure boundary, additional nondestructive
examination (NDE), such as radiography, liquid-penetrant or magnetic-particle testing might be
required, as well as pressure testing.

• Welding must be performed by a qualified welder, with current certifications for the particular
material being welded.

11.7.1 Welding onto a process line that is in service is generally not permitted. Mechanical alternate
solutions shall always be considered.

11.7.2 Before welding, the piping or equipment circuit must be de-pressurized. If this is not
possible, the weld must be treated as a "Hot Tap" involving additional requirements. Any
questions shall be directed to the Air Products representative.

12. UNDERGROUND PIPING

12.1 Metallic Pressurized Piping: See 670.221.

12.2 Nonmetallic Pressurized Piping: See 670.222.

13. CLEANING OF PIPE AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS

13.1 The contractor or supplier shall ensure the cleanliness of all piping according to the contract
drawings and specifications.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 10 of 17
13.1.1 The contractor or supplier shall clean all components after cutting and beveling, but before fit-
up has been performed. Flanges or a single fitting may be welded to single cut lengths before
cleaning. This pre-assembly procedure allows for the proper cleaning and inspection of each
piece before final spool fabrication.

13.2 Inspection Requirements, Cleaned Pipe: All components and pipe assemblies shall be
subject to inspection and shall be considered acceptable when they pass the following:

13.2.1 Standard Cleaning, Class "SC" (see 4WPI-SW70001): The visual examination of the cleaned surface
under a strong, white light shall indicate the following:

• Moisture is allowed.
• No loose rust or scale.
• Thin films of oil or mill lacquer are acceptable.
• There shall be no visible foreign matter such as sand, weld spatter, or cutting chips.

13.3 Cleaning Methods, Pipe and Fittings

13.3.1 Standard Cleaning, Class "SC" Cleaning

• All pipe and fittings shall be cleaned of all foreign material (such as scale, sand, weld spatter
particles, and cutting chips) from the inside by any suitable means (such as by a mechanically
driven rotary cleaning tool and/or a wire brush). Inspect according to paragraph 13.2.1.

• Blow out with compressed air.

13.4 Pipe Preservation and Capping Procedure

13.4.1 Cleaned Per Class "SC": Cap buttweld ends with metal or plastic caps (polycaps, or equal, as
manufactured by Protector Products, Cleveland, OH). Cover flanges with metal, plastic, or plywood
capping and prepare for shipment according to the applicable portions of PFI ES-31.

14. PIPING TOLERANCES

14.1 The dimensions of the installed piping shall be as shown on the contract drawings within ±3 mm
(1/8 in) for pipe up to and including DN250 (NPS 10) and ±5 mm (3/16 in) for DN300 (NPS 12) and
larger nominal pipe size. See "A" in Figure 1. Tolerances shall not be cumulative.

14.2 Flanges in piping runs shall not be out-of-square for more than 4 mm/m (3/64 in/ft) of OD of the
flange.

14.3 Angular tolerances shall be ±1/2 degree.

14.4 As piping is being installed and after it is positioned and pressure tested, all flanges and connections
to mechanical rotating equipment (i.e., centrifugal compressors, pumps, expanders, and
companders) shall be unbolted and checked for alignment. Flanges shall be parallel within 0.5 mm
(1/64 in) per foot of flange diameter and not put any strain on equipment casings. Dial indicators
shall be used to ensure strain-free-piping equipment-casing connections.

14.5 All flexible hoses and expansion joints shall be installed straight and without strain or as indicated on
the construction drawings (see 670.230).

14.6 No cold springing will be allowed unless specified on contract drawings for piping fit-up. Improperly fit
piping shall be removed and replaced, as directed by the Air Products representative, at the
contractor's expense.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 11 of 17
15. INSPECTION

15.1 Inspection shall be as called for in ASME B31.3, Section 340, except as modified herein:

15.1.1 In addition to any required code inspection, all fabrication and material shall be subject to inspection
by an Air Products representative. Approval of fabrication by inspection or waiver of inspection shall
not relieve the contractor or supplier of the responsibility to conform to the requirements for material,
dimensional accuracy, workmanship, specifications, or code requirements.

15.2 Dye Penetrant Examination

15.2.1 All support lugs, supports, and Dresser Coupling lugs welded to a pressure pipe shall be subjected to
dye-penetrant examination.

15.2.2 For Incoloy 800H, all socket welds shall be dye checked and butt welds shall be 100% radiographed.

15.3 Radiography

15.3.1 All welding shall be subject to radiographic examination according to ASME B31.3, paragraph 344.5,
and shall include examination by random radiography of the total quality of the welded joints,
including saddle-type branch connections selected as follows:

• Radiography shall be done progressively throughout the work, commencing at the start of
fabrication and/or field erection welding.

• The Air Products representative shall have the privilege of selecting the welds to be examined.

• A minimum of 10% of each welder's joints shall be 100% radiographed.

15.3.2 All radiographs shall show a 2% sensitivity based on single pipe wall thickness.

15.3.3 X-ray examination shall be used for aluminum. Isotope (gamma radiation) may be used for all other
materials.

15.3.4 100% radiographic examination is required for all prefabricated and field-installed process piping,
when identified on the drawings or when conditions exist as follows:

• All welded connections of oxygen-compressor interstage or discharge piping, up to the first valve
or equipment flange

• All welded connections on piping outside cryogenic liquid storage tanks, up to the first automatic
or block valve

• All welded connections in process piping systems that have an ASME Pressure Rating Class 900
rating or higher

15.3.5 Radiography procedures shall be according to ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 2, and shall be
judged according to ASME B31.3, "Normal Fluid Service," unless otherwise indicated. Personnel
evaluating the radiographs must be qualified according to ASNT SNT-TC-1A. A copy of personnel
qualifications must be provided.

15.3.6 The cost of radiographic examination of field welds will be paid separately by Air Products by hiring
an independent, qualified laboratory to perform all required radiography. The cost to examine
prefabricated pipe-shop welds on material supplied directly to Air Products will be the responsibility
of the supplier, using either an independent lab or in-house qualified personnel. Interpretations of
the radiographic results by the laboratory shall be final. The radiographic films shall become the
property of Air Products.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 12 of 17
15.3.7 For each defective weld found, two additional (tracer) joints made by the same welder shall be
promptly radiographed. If one or both of these tracers show unsatisfactory welding, additional welds
made by this welder shall be radiographed, examining two welds for each tracer weld found to be
unsatisfactory. Welds radiographed as tracer joints are not counted as part of the 10% sampling
check. The contractor or supplier shall reimburse Air Products at the laboratory's quoted rates for
radiographic re-examinations and radiographs related to tracers.

15.3.8 The costs associated with weld repairs or rework, as required by Air Products inspection
requirements, shall be borne by the contractor or supplier.

15.3.9 Examination by sectioning is prohibited.

15.3.10 The contractor or supplier shall keep sufficient records to permit reviewing the performance of each
welder involved in the work. Radiographic examination reader sheets shall be maintained with the
radiographic film. The reader sheets and film shall be traceable to the weld and welder.

15.3.11 The contractor, by marking up the specific isometric or orthographic drawing(s), shall keep a neat
and accurate weld map of field-weld locations and shall record the welder who performed each
weld.

15.3.12 Liquid penetrant examination: Before painting, all welding of attachments, such as lugs for Dresser
Couplings and pipe hangers, shall be subject to liquid-penetrant examination according to the
ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 6, and shall be judged according to ASME B31.3, paragraph 327.4.
The cost of this examination shall be provided in the bid price. Written certification of dye-penetrant
tests is required.

16. PRESSURE TESTING

16.1 Pressure testing of piping and equipment shall be performed according to 670.219. Prefabricated
piping shall be tested in the field, after installation, unless otherwise identified.

17. PAINTING

17.1 After the pipe spools are completely fabricated and capped, the contractor or supplier shall paint all
aboveground piping according to the requirements listed in the job-specific specification and
according to 668.102.

17.2 After piping erection, the contractor shall touch up unprimed welded or damaged areas for all piping
at the job site according to 668.104.

18. MISCELLANEOUS

18.1 The contractor shall install all lubricants and desiccants.

18.2 Temporary screens, as furnished by Air Products, shall be installed as indicated on the contract
drawings for the blowout and start-up period. These screens shall be removed and reinstalled as
and when directed by the Air Products representative. Screens shall be manufactured by Mack Iron
Works Company, Sandusky, OH.

18.3 A list of all valves that will be furnished by Air Products and installed by the contractor will be
included with the contract documents. All other valves required by the contract drawings and these
specifications shall be furnished and installed by the contractor. Certain valves supplied by
Air Products will be supplied in a hydrocarbon-decontaminated condition. The contractor shall
provide dry storage and preserve this cleanliness until valves are satisfactorily installed into the
system.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 13 of 17
18.4 Flanged or welded vessels or equipment shall be aligned and properly fitted according to drawings
and specifications before bolting or welding begins. Piping strains on equipment shall be avoided.

18.5 All studs, bolts, and nuts shall be properly marked according to ASTM requirements.

18.6 The contractor shall protect all materials from damage due to weld slag. All instruments, electrical
wire, tubing, thin wall (Schedule 5 or 10) piping and any other item that may be damaged by slag
shall be covered with a fire-retardant material or protected by an adequate spark catcher to contain
sparks and slag. Any arcs or weld slag damage found on the items mentioned shall be replaced or
repaired by the contractor to the satisfaction of Air Products.

19. POWER-BOILER PIPING

19.1 All power-boiler piping under the jurisdiction of the ASME BPVC, Section I, shall be fabricated,
inspected, and stamped strictly according to Section I. As required by paragraph 14.3.1 (c) of this
code, a minimum of 10% of the joints shall be 100% radiographed for each welder.

20. PATCHING, REPLACEMENT, AND MODIFICATION OF EXISTING WORK

20.1 After installation of the pipelines, the contractor shall neatly patch, repair, and replace existing
work that is damaged, removed, or altered for pipeline installation. This work shall be similar and
equal in quality to the work removed or damaged unless otherwise shown or specified. Such
work shall include patching and replacement on existing lines at points of connections to new
lines, patching of masonry work where new lines pass through existing masonry work, and
whenever any such patching work is indicated on drawings or otherwise required.

21. PREFABRICATED PIPING: MARKING AND PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT

21.1 Each fabricated assembly shall be plainly marked in white paint with the line number and piece. Line
numbers shall correspond to those indicated on the contract drawings.

21.2 All openings in the assembly shall be provided, by the supplier, with adequate weatherproof seals to
ensure that the cleaning is maintained during fabrication, during shipment, and while in storage at the
job site (see capping requirements in paragraph 13.4.1).

21.3 All openings must be sealed before exterior sandblasting.

21.4 Threaded connections shall be fitted with a plastic threaded pipe plug or a male thread protector.
Plug shall not provide a "corrosion cell."

21.5 All machined surfaces (including weld bevels which depend on their finish when the assembly is
installed) shall be suitably protected during shipment to prevent damage.
21.6 Handling and storage of piping shall be as follows:
• Store under cover and out of contact with ground and any oil
• Openings shall be blanked to prevent entry of moisture
• Exposure to salt water or salt spray shall not be permitted
• Use nylon slings or chokers when handling painted spools, to prevent damage to the paint coating

21.7 Fabricated headers shall be suitably blocked and strapped to wooden pallets for shipment in a
manner that will result in a minimum volume for the maximum number of fabricated pieces.

21.8 In addition to the shipping address, each item, crate, box, or pallet, shall be marked with the
complete Air Products purchase order number.

21.9 When required, shipment of material shall not be made until written approval is obtained from the
Air Products representative. This representative reserves the right to waive, in writing, any required
inspections.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 14 of 17
21.10 Approval of fabrication by inspection or waiver of inspection shall not relieve the contractor or
supplier of the responsibility to conform to the requirements for material, dimensional accuracy,
workmanship, specification, or code requirements.

21.11 Each spool that has been hydrocarbon decontaminated ("AA" cleaned) according to the
requirements of 670.201 shall be identified as follows:

"Hydrocarbon Decontaminated"

Supplier
or
By: (Contractor) Date:

21.12 When specified on the contract drawings, the supplier shall place desiccant bags inside spools
that are designated "AA" cleaned. Before shipping, the supplier shall indicate on the outside of
the pipe spool the number of desiccant bags placed inside the spool.

22. PREFABRICATED PIPING: SCHEDULING AND MONITORING

22.1 Within three weeks after the award of the contract, the supplier shall provide to Air Products a
planning schedule that details fabrication, cleaning, and shipping dates for all work.

23. PREFABRICATED PIPING: FABRICATION ERRORS

23.1 When fabrication errors are found during field installation, the contractor shall immediately notify
the Air Products representative, who will then notify the supplier. To prevent costly delays, the
supplier shall take one of the following appropriate courses of action within 24 hours of error
notification:

• Provide the appropriate fabrication personnel, tools, and welding equipment on-site to
correct the problem. Personnel must meet the local union requirements, when applicable.

• Authorize Air Products to instruct the contractor to perform the modifications at the
supplier's expense. The backcharge of these costs will be according to the applicable
pricing agreement.

- If Air Products does not receive instructions from the supplier within 24 hours, Air Products
will issue a construction change order (CCO) to the contractor. All contractor costs for the
corrective work will be backcharged to the supplier by Air Products.

24. PREFABRICATED PIPING: DRAWINGS

24.1 Air Products will furnish up to three sets (depending on size and type) of all contract drawings
and specifications to the supplier for their use. When electronic transfer of drawings is possible,
Air Products will save this file on disk or cd-rom and send to the supplier for their use.

24.2 The supplier shall submit, not later than three weeks after award of the contract, a summary of
both the piece numbers (numbered consistent to the direction of flow) and related shop detail
drawings for Air Products approval.

24.3 The supplier shall start submitting three copies of certified shop detail drawings to Air Products
no later than three weeks after receipt of the Air Products contract drawings, and must complete
submittal of the shop detail drawings within six weeks after receipt of the contract drawings.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 15 of 17
24.4 One set of contract drawings shall be marked with piece numbers (numbered consistent to the
direction of flow) by the supplier and returned to Air Products no later than two weeks before any
shipment of prefabricated pipe or assemblies.

24.5 Air Products will provide these marked drawings to its field representative who will transmit them
to the contractor.

24.6 The above-mentioned drawings are for installation and record purposes only and submittal to
Air Products does not relieve the supplier of the responsibility for configuration and fit-up of
prefabricated pipe or assemblies.

25. PREFABRICATED PIPING: FIELD INSTALLATION

25.1 Air Products has identified field welds (FW) and field fit-up welds (FFW) on piping isometric
drawings. These field welds are established to maintain an approximate shipping envelope of
2.4 x 2.4 x 12 m (8 x 8 x 40 ft) for prefabricated pipe spools. Straight runs of pipe are fabricated
to double random lengths. To accommodate misalignment of equipment or pipe connections,
additional field welds are included on the isometrics at flanges and/or to provide short fit-up
spools. The intent of these welds is to allow fit-up of pipe to equipment before completing final
welds. The cost of rework that results from the failure to use these welds, as intended, will be
considered to be the contractor's account.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 16 of 17

Figure 1

Pipe Work Tolerances

"A"

End preparation for weld shall

"A" not deviate from indicated
position by more than 1 mm (1/32 in)
across the land for inert gas weld
joints or 2.5 mm (3/32 in) for other
joints.

For bending tolerance minimum

radius, and minimum tangent,
see PFI ES-24.
Tolerances on dimensions which do
not include pipe segments are to
be based on ANSI specifications for
"A" fittings or flanges involved.

Rotation of flanges from the

indicated position measured as
shown 1.5 mm (1/16 in) maximum

x x 3 mm (1/8 in)
"A"

"A"
"A"
"A"

Section X-X
Alignment of facings or ends
"A" shall not deviate from the
"A" indicated position measured
"A"
across any diameter more
than 4 mm per meter
(3/64 in per foot)

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2001
 670.200, Rev. 1, Page 17 of 17

Appendix A

Approved Pipe Thread Sealants***

Tape -Type Sealants Paste-Type Sealants*

Never-Seez® "Regular Grade" (Bostik Chemical Co.) 2

Gasoila Soft-Set® (Federal Process Co.)
Permatex 14D Teflon Thread Sealant
Thread Tape® (Federal Process Co.)

Leak-Lok® (High Side Chemical Co.)

Molylube N® (Bel-Ray Co., Inc.)

Permacel 412® (Permacel Co.)

PST 567® (Loctite Corp.)**

LOX 8® (Fluoramics Inc.)

Scotch 48® (3M)
Service

Oxygen Service
To 205°C (400°F) • • • • •
Oxygen Service
To 540°C (1000°F)
•
General Process
and Utility Services
To 205°C (400°F) • • • • • • • •
General Process
and Utility Services
To 540°C (1000°F) • •
Steam, Steam Condensate
10.3 bar g (150 psig) and
Greater • •
Instrument Air and
Instrument Nitrogen
Headers • • • • •
Mechanical Seal
Connections* • • • • •
Notes:
* For piping connections to pump, compressor, agitator, or other rotating equipment mechanical seal glands/housings,
use paste type sealant only.
** PST 567® requires use of Loctite "Primer N" aerosol for stainless steel materials.
*** Substitution of materials requires prior written approval by Air Products

Manufacturers
1 Bel-Ray Company Inc. 4 Fluoramics Inc. 7 Avery
P.O. Box 526 103-105 Pleasant Avenue Permacel Tape Division
111 Bowmans Ave. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 U.S. Highway #1, P.O. Box 671
Farmingdale, NJ 07727 North Brunswick, NJ 08903
2 EmHART Chemical Group 5 High Side Chemical Co. 8 Permatex Industrial Div.
Bostick Division P.O. Box 3748 10 Tower Lane
Boston Street Gulfport, MS 39505 Avon, CT 06001-4211
Middleton, MA 01949
3 Federal Process Company 6 Loctite Corporation 9 General Offices/3M
3737 Park East 705 North Mountain Road 3M Center Building 230-B5-21
Cleveland, OH 44122 Newington, CT 06111 St. Paul, MN 55144-1000
Attention: Kenneth M. Paddock

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ON GREEN PAPER  Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2000