ASTM A194 2010a CS and Alloy Steel Nuts For The Bolts - HighPress OR HighTempServ
ASTM A194 2010a CS and Alloy Steel Nuts For The Bolts - HighPress OR HighTempServ
ASTM A194 2010a CS and Alloy Steel Nuts For The Bolts - HighPress OR HighTempServ
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Grade [°C]
4.1.2 Quantity, number of pieces, 2H 850 [455]
4.1.3 Dimensions (see Section 9), 2HM 1150 [620]
4.1.4 Options in accordance with 8.2.2.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.3, and 3 1050 [565]
4 1100 [595]
12, and 6 and 6F 1100 [595]
4.1.5 Supplementary Requirements, if any. 7 1100 [595]
4.2 Coatings—Coatings are prohibited unless specified by 7M 1150 [620]
16 1200 [650]
the purchaser (see Supplementary Requirements S7 and S8).
When coated nuts are ordered, the purchaser should take Nuts machined from bar heat treated in accordance with this
special care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under- specification need not be reheat-treated. For Grade 2HM and
stood. 7M nuts, a final stress relief shall be done at or above the
4.3 See Supplementary Requirement S3 for nuts to be used minimum tempering temperature after all forming, machining,
in low temperature applications (Specification A320/A320M). and tapping operations. This final stress relief may be the
4.4 Proof Load Testing—See Supplementary Requirement tempering operation.
S9 for proof load testing of nuts manufactured to dimensions 6.4.1 Grade 6 and 6F nuts shall be tempered for a minimum
and configurations other than those covered in Tables 3 and 4. of 1 h at the temperature.
6.5 Grades 8, 8C, 8M, 8T, 8F, 8P, 8N, 8MN, 8R, 8S, 8LN,
5. Common Requirements 8MLN, 8MLCuN, and 9C nuts shall be hot or cold forged, or
5.1 Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shall shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled or cold-drawn
conform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M. bars.
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6.6 Grades 8A, 8CA, 8MA, 8TA, 8FA, 8PA, 8NA, 8MNA, Lot Size Samples
8RA, 8SA, 8LNA, 8MLNA, 8MLCuNA, and 9CA nuts shall Up to 800 1
801 to 8000 2
be hot- or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged, 8001 to 22 000 3
hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars and the nuts shall subsequently Over 22 000 5
be carbide-solution treated by heating them for a sufficient time
at a temperature to dissolve chromium carbides followed by 8.1.2.2 In addition, a hardness test shall be performed by the
cooling at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of the manufacturer in accordance with 8.1.5 on one sample nut
carbides. selected from each nominal diameter and series from each
grade and heat number following completion of all production
7. Chemical Composition heat treatments.
7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition 8.1.3 Number of Tests, Grades 2HM and 7M:
requirements prescribed in Table 1. 8.1.3.1 Each nut shall be tested by Brinell or Rockwell
8. Mechanical Requirements methods to ensure product conformance.
8.1 Hardness Test: 8.1.3.2 In addition, 8.1.2.2 shall be met.
8.1.1 Requirements: 8.1.4 Number of Tests, All Types of Grade 8—Tests on the
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8.1.1.1 All nuts shall meet the hardness requirements speci- number of sample nuts in accordance with 8.1.2.1 shall be
fied in Table 2. performed by the manufacturer.
8.1.1.2 Sample nuts of Grades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 7, 7M, 8.1.5 Test 2—In addition to the testing required by 8.1.2.1
and 16 which have been given the treatment described in 8.1.5 the manufacturer shall also perform hardness tests on sample
shall meet the minimum hardness specified in Table 2. nuts after the following test heat treatment. After completion of
8.1.2 Number of Tests— (Grades 1, 2, 2H, 3, 4, 7, and 16
all production heat treatments heat the specimen nuts to the
and all types of Grade 6):
temperatures indicated below for 24 h, then slow cool. Test at
8.1.2.1 Tests on the number of sample nuts in accordance
room temperature.
with the following table shall be performed by the manufac-
turer following all production heat treatments:
⁄
9 16 12 0.182 23 660 21 840 27 300 24 570 31 850 27 300
⁄
58 11 0.226 29 380 27 120 33 900 30 510 39 550 33 900
3⁄4 10 0.334 43 420 40 080 50 100 45 090 58 450 50 100
7⁄8 9 0.462 60 060 55 440 69 300 62 370 80 850 69 300
1 8 0.606 78 780 72 720 90 900 81 810 106 000 90 900
1 1⁄ 8 8 0.790 102 700 94 800 118 500 106 700 138 200 118 500
1 1⁄ 4 8 1.000 130 000 120 000 150 000 135 000 175 000 150 000
1 3⁄ 8 8 1.233 160 200 148 000 185 000 166 500 215 800 185 000
1 1⁄ 2 8 1.492 194 000 170 040 223 800 201 400 261 100 223 800
⁄
9 16 12 0.182 14 560 13 650
58⁄ 11 0.226 18 080 16 950
3 ⁄4 10 0.334 26 720 25 050
7 ⁄8 9 0.462 36 960 34 650
1 8 0.606 48 480 45 450
the hardness test itself shall be performed with consideration to of 160 000 lb/f or 705 kN is covered in Supplementary
(1) protect legibility of markings; (2) minimize exterior dimen- Requirements S1 amd S4.
sional changes; and (3) maintain thread fit. 8.2.3 Test Method—The test shall be run using a threaded
8.2 Proof Load Test: mandrel or a test bolt in accordance with Specification A962/
8.2.1 Requirements—The nuts listed in Tables 3 and 4 shall A962M.
be capable of withstanding the proof loads specifin therein. 8.3 Cone Proof Load Test:
8.3.1 Requirements—This test shall be performed only or both) based upon the proof stresses shown in Table 5 and
when visible surface discontinuities become a matter of issue Table 6 of Specification A194/A194M.
between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Nuts in the size 8.3.2 Number of Tests—The manufacturer shall sample and
range 1⁄4 to 11⁄2 in. inclusive and M6 to M36 inclusive shall be test the number of nuts specified in 8.1.2.1. The lot shall be
proof load tested. Nuts not in this size range and all types of considered acceptable if the sample nut(s) withstand(s) appli-
Grade 8 nuts are not subject to this test. Also, nuts manufac- cation of the cone proof load without failure.
tured to dimensions and configurations other than those cov-
ered by Specification A962/A962M, ASME B 1.1, ASME 9. Dimensions
B 1.13M, ASME B 18.2.2, and ASME B 18.2.4.6M are not 9.1 Nuts shall be hexagonal in shape, and in accordance
subject to the cone proof load test. The cone proof load applied with the dimensions for the hex or heavy hex series, as
shall be determined in accordance with the Cone Proof Load required, by ASME B 18.2.2 and ASME B 18.2.4.6M. Unless
requirements in Specification A962/A962M (tables or formulae otherwise specified, the American National Standard Heavy
Hex Series shall be used and nuts shall be either double 12. Certification
chamfered or have a machined or forged washer face, at the 12.1 The producer of nuts shall furnish a certification to the
option of the manufacturer, and, conform to the angularity purchaser or his representative showing the results of the
requirements of ASME B 18.2.2 and ASME B 18.2.4.6M. chemical analysis, macroetch examination (Carbon and Alloy
9.2 Unless otherwise specified, threads shall be in accor- Steels Only), mechanical tests, and the minimum tempering
dance with ASME B 1.1 or ASME B 1.13M, and shall be temperature for nuts of Grades 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, and
gaged in accordance with ASME B 1.2 and ASME B 1.13M as 7M.
described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2. 12.2 Certification shall also include at least the following:
9.2.1 Nuts up to and including 1 in. nominal size shall be 12.2.1 A statement that the fasteners were manufactured,
UNC Series Class 2B fit. Metric nuts up to and including M24 sampled, tested and inspected in accordance with the specifi-
nominal size shall be coarse thread series tolerance 6H. cation and any supplementary requirements or other require-
9.2.2 Nuts over 1 in. nominal size shall be either UNC ments designated in the purchase order or contract and was
Series Class 2B fit or 8 UN Series Class 2B fit. Unless found to meet those requirements.
otherwise specified, the 8 UN series shall be furnished. Metric 12.2.2 The specification number, year date, and identifica-
nuts over M24 nominal size shall be coarse thread series tion symbol.
tolerance 6H.
13. Product Marking
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 13.1 All nuts shall bear the manufacturer’s identification
10.1 Nuts shall be free of defects and shall be good mark.
commercial finish. 13.2 Nuts shall be legibly marked on one face to indicate the
10.2 If visible surface imperfections in size 1⁄4 through 11⁄2 grade and process of the manufacturer, as presented in Table 7.
in. and M6 through M36 and in any grade other than Grade 8 Marking of wrench flats or bearing surfaces is not permitted
become a matter of issue between the manufacturer and the unless agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
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purchaser, the cone proof load test described in 8.3 shall be 13.3 For purposes of identification marking, the manufac-
employed. turer is considered the organization that certifies the fastener
10.3 If a scale-free bright finish is required, this shall be was manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accor-
specified on the purchase order. dance with the specification and the results have been deter-
mined to meet the requirements of this specification.
11. Retests 14. Keywords
11.1 Provisions for retests by the purchaser and his repre- 14.1 bolting; chemical analysis; coated; marking on fasten-
sentative are specified in Supplementary Requirement S2. ers; plated
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by
the purchaser in the inquiry, contract, or order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be
agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and purchaser. Supplementary requirements shall in no
way negate any requirement of the specification itself.
S1. Strain-Hardened Austenitic Steel Nuts in accordance with this requirement shall be proof load tested
S1.1 Strain hardened Grades 8, 8C, 8T, 8M, 8F, 8P, 8N, or in accordance with 8.2.2.1 and shall withstand the proof load
8MN nuts may be specified. When Supplementary Require- specified in Table 8 and Table 9. Testing nuts requiring proof
ment S1 is invoked in the order, nuts shall be machined from loads over 160 000 lbf or 705 kN is only required when
cold drawn bars or shall be cold forged to shape. No subse- Supplementary Requirement S4 is invoked. The hardness
quent heat treatment shall be performed on the nuts. Nuts made limits of Table 2 do not apply to strain hardened nuts. Nuts
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C
An underline as a marking requirement for grades 2HM and 7M has been S7. Coating on Nuts
removed but is permitted.
D
See Supplementary Requirement S3. S7.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
purchase order all information required by the coating facility.
Examples of such information may include but are not limited
made in accordance with this requirement shall be marked with
to the following:
the Grade symbol underlined.
S7.1.1 Reference to the appropriate coating specification
S2. Retests by Purchaser’s Representative and type, thickness, location, modification to dimensions, and
hydrogen embrittlement relief.
S2.1 The purchaser’s representative may select two nuts per
keg (200-lb unit [90-kg]) for sizes 5⁄8 in. and M16 and smaller, NOTE S7.1—Modification of thread dimensions may result in loss of
one nut per keg for sizes over 5⁄8 in. and M16 up to and load carrying ability.
including 11⁄2 in. and M36, and one nut per every two kegs for S7.1.2 Reference to Specifications A153/A153M, B633,
sizes larger than 11⁄2 in. and M36, which shall be subjected to B695, B696, B766, F1941, F2329, or Test Method F1940, or
the tests specified in Section 8. other standards.
S3. Low-Temperature Requirements for Grade 4, Grade S8. Marking Coated Nuts
7 or Grade 7M Nuts
S8.1 Nuts coated with zinc shall have ZN marked after the
S3.1 When low-temperature requirements are specified for
grade symbol. Nuts coated with cadmium shall have CD
Grade 4 or Grade 7 nuts, the Charpy test procedures and
marked after the grade symbol.
requirements as defined in Specification A320/A320M for
Grade L7 shall apply. When low-temperature requirements are NOTE S8.1—As an example, the marking for zinc-coated 2H fasteners
specified for Grade 7M nuts, the Charpy test procedures and will now be 2HZN rather than 2H*.
requirements as defined in Specification A320/A320M for
Grade L7M shall apply. Depending on the size of nuts, separate S9. Proof Load Testing
test samples of the same heat may be required and shall be S9.1 Proof load tests of nuts made to dimensions, thread
processed through heat treatment with the nuts for which the pitch, and configurations other than those covered in Table 3 or
test is to apply. Impact testing is not required when the bar Table 4 shall be made using loads agreed upon between the
stock or nut is smaller than 5⁄8 in. [16 mm] in diameter. manufacturer and the purchaser.
⁄
9 16 12 0.182 20 020 18 200 22 750 20 020
58⁄ 11 0.226 24 860 22 600 28 250 24 860
3 ⁄4 10 0.334 36 740 33 400 41 750 36 740
7 ⁄8 9 0.462 46 200 41 580 53 130 46 200
1 8 0.606 60 600 54 540 69 690 60 600
TABLE 9 Proof Load Testing of Strain Hardened Nuts Using Threaded Mandrel — Metric
NOTE 1—Proof loads are not design loads.
Proof Load, kNA
All Other Types All Other Types
Nominal Thread Stress Area, Grade 8M Grade 8M
of Grade 8 of Grade 8
Size, mm Pitch mm2 (strain hardened) (strain hardened)
(strain hardened) (strain hardened)
Heavy HexB HexC Heavy HexD HexB
M6 1.0 20.1 15.3 13.9 17.3 15.3
M8 1.25 36.6 27.8 25.3 31.3 27.8
M10 1.50 58.0 44.1 40.0 49.9 44.1
M12 1.75 84.3 64.1 58.2 72.5 64.1
M14 2.0 115.0 87.4 79.4 98.9 87.4
M16 2.0 157.0 119.3 108.3 135.0 119.3
M20 2.5 245.0 186.2 169.0 210.9 186.2
M22 2.5 303.0 209.0 187.9 240.9 209.0
M24 3.0 353.0 243.5 218.9 280.6 243.5
M27 3.0 459.0 300.6 268.5 332.7 300.6
M30 3.5 561.0 367.5 328.2 406.7 367.5
M36 4.0 817.0 506.5 449.4 563.7 506.5
A
The proof load for jam nuts shall be 46 % of the tabulated value.
B
Based on proof stress of 760 MPa up to M20 mm; 690 MPa M22 to M24 mm; 655 MPa M27 to M30; and 620 MPa for M36.
C
Based on proof stress of 690 MPa up to M20 mm; 620 MPa M22 to M24 mm; 585 MPa M27 to M30; and 550 MPa for M36.
D
Based on proof stress of 860 MPa up to M20 mm; 795 MPa M22 to M24 mm; 725 MPa M27 to M30 mm; and 690 MPa for M36.
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APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1.1 Strain hardening is the increase in strength and section reduction, die angle and bar size. In large diameter bars,
hardness that results from plastic deformation below the for example, plastic deformation will occur principally in the
recrystallization temperature (cold work). This effect is pro- outer regions of the bar, so that the increased strength and
duced in austenitic stainless steels by reducing oversized bars hardness due to strain hardening is achieved predominantly
to the desired final size by cold drawing or other process. The near the surface of the bar. That is, the smaller the bar, the
degree of strain hardening achievable in any alloy is limited by greater the penetration of strain hardening. Thus, the mechani-
its strain hardening characteristics. In addition, the amount of cal properties of a given strain hardened fastener are dependent
strain hardening that can be produced is further limited by the not just on the alloy, but also on the size of bar from which it
variables of the process, such as the total amount of cross- is machined.
X2.1 Use of coated fasteners at temperatures above ap- 780 °F [415 °C]. Therefore, application of zinc coated fasteners
proximately one-half the melting point (Fahrenheit or Celsius) should be limited to temperatures less than 390 °F [210 °C].
of the coating is not recommended unless consideration is The melting point of cadmium is approximately 600 °F [320
given to the potential for liquid and solid metal embrittlement, °C]. Therefore, application of cadmium coated fasteners should
or both. The melting point of elemental zinc is approximately be limited to temperatures less than 300 °F [160 °C].
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Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A194/A194M–10, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved November 1, 2010)
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A194/A194M–09, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved April 1, 2010)
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A194/A194M–08b, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 1, 2009)
(1) Revised Supplementary Requirement S8.1 to change the (2) Added new Note S8.1.
marking of coated nuts from an asterisk (*) for zinc to ZN and
from a plus sign (+) for cadmium to CD.
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