Oral Communication in Context
Oral Communication in Context
Oral Communication in Context
ORAL COMMUNICATION IN
CONTEXT
Quarter 1, Module 5
REFERENCES:
Frank E. X. Dance and Carl E. Larson,Speech Communication: Concepts and Behaviors (New
York, NY: Holt, Reinhart, and Winston, 1972), 51.
Ruelo, G. T. (2014). Speech Communication Workbook 3rd Edition. Ivory Printing Press. Iligan
City.
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Hi, students! Welcome to Senior High school! You must be
experiencing a lot of adjustments due to the pandemic, and it is
quite brave of you to still continue learning despite the
challenges of our time. We are delighted to see you and witness
your perseverance indeed! We will guide you through this
module and ensure that your learning adventure is fun! Fasten
your seatbelt and let’s begin the learning ride!
INSTRUCTIONS:
Before we begin, take note of the following:
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!
REMINDERS
As your facilitator, I expect that you, as a learner, differentiate the various English speech symbols
and their sounds.
Specifically, this module will help you to
a. recognize the English vowels, consonant sounds and diphtongs ; and
b. apply the primary and secondary stress in pronunciation.
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Speech sounds are classified as vowels, consonants, and
diphthongs. Those which are produced with relatively little obstruction
of vocalized breath are called vowels; those which are produced by
obstructing exhalation are called consonants; and those composed of
two vowels but pronounced in close succession and blended into one
gliding fashion are called diphthongs.
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CHAPTER 1| VOWEL SOUNDS
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THE FRONT VOWEL SOUNDS
/i/ /ɪ/ /e/ / ε/ /æ/
bead bid bayed bed bad
bean been bane ben ban
beat bit bait bet bat
liter litter later letter latter
dean din dane den dan
neat knit-nit nate net gnat
peat pit pate pet pat
seal sill sale-sail sell sal
lead (v) lid laid led lad
least list laced lest last
CENTRAL AND BACK VOWELS
INITIAL POSITION
Central Vowels Back Vowels
/^/ /a/ /ɔ/ /o/ /ʊ/ /u/
1 onion alms all oak ooze
2 other arbitrary almost oath
3 oven arch alter obese
4 ugly art always ocean
5 ulcer object audience ode
6 ultra obsolete awful ohm
7 umbra opposite autumn open
8 upkeep opera awning opium
9 uproot artist officer orient
10 upset alderman offering owner
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MEDIAL POSITION
/^/ /a/ /ɔ/ /o/ /ʊ/ /u/
1 cup cop ball bone full fool
2 luck far dog coach look luke
3 young god fought float soot suit
4 sun hard laud goat pull pool
5 much star maul home stood stewed
6 just job pall lonely wood wooed
7 budget large pause mauve cook cool
8 souther modern talk pole bush loose
n
9 country nomina walk roast poor loot
te
10 flood solemn wrong sober put moot
FINAL POSITION
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8 straw toe jew
9 withdra volcano lieu
w
10 saw widow sue
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3. The Vowel Sound [e]
eight beijing atheist natal
chamber radar oration steak
vacate cicada soiree suede
halo freight gala poitiers
pray sachet gaol chaos
acre feign fatal brae
stale dengue fete tape
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ensemble doctrine doctor sergeant
father boudoir model hearth
honest facade genre calm
ominous monitor bottle naïve
bomb coffee document memoir
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bullion bulletin look football
today should push bull
cook shook actual ambush
woman sugar took fulfill
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13. The Vowel Sound /ɝ/
curtain perfect nurse burglar ferry
journey murmur bird word early
burden err nurture
verdant burger dirty purple
nervous birthday further
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ACTIVITY 5
NAME: ___________________________ DATE: _______ SEC: _____
INSTRUCTION: The teacher reads aloud one word from among the four
items in a given number. Encircle the word which the teacher reads
aloud.
A B C D
1. lick leak lake luck
2. sou sow sue saw
3. rue row ray raw
4. nil nail kneel null
5. lost last lest least
6. tulle toll tool toil
7. lit lot late let
8. won wan win wean
9. caught cot cat cut
10. liter letter later litter
11. tin tan ten teen
12. sum seam same sam
13. mane mine mean men
14. fine fin fan fun
15. sane scene sin sun
16. taint tent taunt tint
17. rub rob robe rib
18. lad lode laid led
19. pan pin pane pen
20. loan lone lean laws
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DIPHTHONG SOUNDS
A Diphthong is composed of two vowel sounds joined in one
syllable to form one speech sound. It is gliding monosyllabic speech
sound (as the vowel combination at the end of toy) that starts at or
near the articulatory position for one vowel and moves to or toward
the position of another.
The Diphthongs
/aɪ/ Blight /blaɪt/
/aʊ / Brow /braʊ/
/ ɔɪ / boil /b ɔɪ l/
1./aɪ /
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plow sow pouch ouch
eyebrow scout louse
CONSONANT SOUNDS
A Consonant is a speech sound produced by blocking the flow of
air through the mouth (using the lips, teeth, tongue and palate.)
THE CONSONANT SOUNDS
Symbol Key Word Transcription Key Word Transcription
/b/ bad [bæd] lab [læb]
/d/ dad [dæd] lady [ledI]
/f/ find [faInd] if [If]
/g / give [gIv] flag [flæg]
/h / how [haʊ] ahead [ǝhεd]
/j/ yes [jεs] yellow [jεlo]
/k/ cat [kæt] back [bæk]
/l/ leg [lεg] little [lItǝl]
/m/ man [mæn] lemon [lεmǝn]
/n/ no [no] bend [bεnd]
/ŋ/ sing [sIŋ] finger [fIŋgɚ]
/p/ pet [pεt] map [mæp]
/r/ red [rεd] try [traI]
/s/ sun [sʌn] miss [mIs]
/∫/ she [∫i] cash [kæ∫]
/t/ tea [ti] getting [gεtIŋ]
/t∫/ check [t∫εk] twitch [twIt∫]
/θ/ thin [θIn] both [boθ]
/ð/ then [ðεn] gather [gæðɚ]
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/v/ voice [vɔIs] five [faIv]
/w/ wet [wεt] beware [bǝwεr]
/z/ zoo [zu] lazy [lezI]
/Ʒ/ pleasure [plεƷɚ] vision [vIƷǝn]
/ʤ/ just [ʤʌst] large [larʤ]
/hw/ when [hwεn] which [hwIt∫]
1. / p /
Pet, ripple, hiccough, hiccup, ripe, peal
2. / b /
Bat, cupboard, dubious, cub, bob, pebble
3. / t /
Doubt, written, walked, vote, sight
*final –ed is pronounced as /t/ when it is preceded by voiceless
consonants as in the following: lacked, cooked, wrapped, coughed,
laughed, dressed, glanced, puffed, etched, pushed, wished, fetched,
reached, flocked, kicked, mopped, copped.
4. / d /
day, opened, tide, could
*final –ed is pronounced as /d/ when preceded by voiced consonants
as in: robbed, grabbed, tagged, hugged, saved, moved, staged,
dredged, roamed, blamed, banned, lived, hanged, belonged, sailed,
bathed, soothed, toured, buzzed, pleased, played, sighed, annoyed.
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*final –ed is pronounced as /Id/ when preceded by /t/ and /d/: hunted,
wanted, toasted, blended, added, lighted, drifted, tinted.
5. /k /
Kate, cool, staccato, click, squall, quay, saque, cacchinate, make, walk,
fact, induct, class, clue, clog, crew, cream, chronic, crystal, crude,
eecentric
6. /g/
go, vogue, guess, ghost, gauze, great, stag, gape, aghast, gagged
*X is pronounced /gz/ when it is followed by an accented vowel as in:
exact, example, exhibit, exemptions, auxiliaries, exaggerate, exultant,
exotic
7. /f/
Fun, cuff, soften, life, philosophy, enough, prophet, muff, staff, wait
8. /v/
Stephen, of, savvy, view, grieve, bereave, move, sleeve, clover, oval
9. /θ/
breath, thought, through, throng, thread, faithful, myth, growth
10. /ð/
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these, bathe, clothe, smooth, with, scythe, wreathe, loathe, seethe,
lathe
11. /s/
song, miss, scent, cent, waltz, schism, psychology, fence, horse,
Christmas
12. /z/
zigzag, blizzard, was, cause, dissolve, xylophone, discern, glaze, closet,
rise, please, use, deserve, music, easy, daisy, zone, zenith, zeal, zinc
The suffix –s/ -es is pronounced /Iz/ if the final sound of the base
word is /s/, /z/, /∫/, /t∫/ or /ʤ/. The final sound is /z/ because the
next preceding sound is voiced and the vocal bands continue to
vibrate for the final sound:
/s/ /z/ /∫/ /t∫/ /ʤ/
accuse memorize relish switch arrange
address oppose publish ``watch change
dress surprise establish stretch encourage
possess prize wish attach judge
mass maze splash batch manage
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13. /∫/
Shade, sure, action, ocean, Chicago, spacious, passion, tissue, Schick,
fuchsia, fascist, nauseous, anxious, crush, motion, machine, shack,
leash, shun
14. /Ʒ/
rouge, pleasure, aphasia, regime, brazier, bijou, azure, measure,
glazier, vision, casual, Persian, Asia, leisure, treasure, garage, prestige,
barrage, corsage, mirage, beige, loge, massage, camouflage,
explosion, erosion, illusion, provision, revision, decision
15. /t∫/
church, catch, question, adventure, cello, righteous, change, which,
bunch
16. /ʤ/
just, George, gradual, adjacent, exaggerate, cordial, judge, gem
17. /m/
Made, hammer, psalm, comb, tomb, phlegm, hymn, came
18. /n/
no, cunning, knee, gnome, pneumonia, shrine, nook
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19. /ŋ/
link, bring, banker, anchor, single, kingdom, tongue
20. /l/
leave, kiln, fell, mule, shall
21. /r/
ring, berry, rhythm, bore, wring
22. /h/
how, whole, head, rehearse
23. /hw/
when, why, what, where, whet, whence, whim, white, whale, awhile,
elsewhere, meanwhile, nowhere, awhirl, somewhat, somewhere,
everywhere
24. /j/
yet, adieu, pinion, hallelujah, feud, use, loyal, stallion
25. /w/
wish, choir, queen, always, rewind, stalwart, wayward, worker
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pepper? If Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled pepper, where’s
the pack pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
/b/ Big black bug bit a big black bear and the big black bear bled
black blood.
/t/ The teacher told us to write eighteen sentences every night.
/d/ Those bad children seldom did what their daddy told them to do.
/k/ The cook is baking six carrot cakes with cream cheese frosting.
/g/ The ugly dog has been digging up all the grass in the garden.
/f/ They laughed at the awful photograph of Fred falling off a fence.
/v/ We voted in favor of a law to give everyone five days of vacation.
/θ/ The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne
throughout Thursday.
/ð/ It’s hard for either of them to breathe smoothly in this weather.
/h/ He is happy when his handsome son, Henry, behaves himself.
/s/ My sister sent six small presents to our house this Christmas.
/z/ My crazy cousin always loses his gloves and keys.
/∫/ Some shun sunshine. Do you shun sunshine?
/Ʒ/ Two Asians were injured in an unusual explosion at the garage.
/t∫/ After church, the children will watch a program on nature on
Channel 12.
/ʤ/ The religious judge majored Education in college.
/m/ Some of them have promised not to smoke at the meeting.
/n/ His son is not one of the well-known citizens in this town.
/ŋ/ The young singer sang a beautiful English song.
/l/ Little lucky Luke likes lake, lucky little Luke likes licking lakes
/r/ The doctor hurried through the crowd and arrived before it rained.
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/w/ We wish the woman would walk more quietly while working.
/j/ You can spend a year visiting the fabulous museums in Europe.
/hw/ Whenever Whitney Houston whined she was just being whimsical
QUIZ
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Primary Stress ( ‛ ) is the loudest or strongest stress; while
Secondary Stress ( ’ ) is less forceful than the primary stress—it is next
to loudest.
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5. Numbers ending in teen may receive stress on the last syllable to
distinguish, for example, thirty and thirteen.
a. Johanah will be seventéen next week.
b. The highest possible score is fiftéen.
6. Many words show shift in stress to indicate their use either as nouns
or verbs. The noun is accented on the first syllable, the verb on the
second.
a. The musical cóntest will be held at the gymnasium. Will you
contést the judges’ decision?
b. We got a written pérmit from the dean of our college. Mother
will permít us to join the division meet.
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7. When suffix is added to a word, the new form usually retains the
stress of the basic word.
a. govern - góvernment
b. háppy - háppiness
8. in other cases, the accent shifts from one syllable in the noun form
to another syllable in the adjective form.
NOUN VERB
possibility póssible
ability ábility
simplicity símple
9. words ending in –tion, -sion, -ic, -ical, -ity have strong stress on
the syllable preceding them.
a. The expánsion program of the CSSH building is underway.
b. He passed the recent board examinátion.
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12. Adjective/verb root words with negative prefixes are stressed
primarily on the negative prefixes.
Adjective root words Adjective root words
attractive únattractive attractive únattractive
fortunate únfortunate fortunate únfortunate
polite impolité polite impolité
correct incorrect correct incorrect
sátisfied dísatisfied sátisfied dísatisfied
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certainly infamous preferable venerable
circumstance/s impotent primary veritable
colleague impious process versatile
comfortable intellect profile veterinary
contrary irritable proteins vibrant
controversy lamentable publish viceroy
coupon literature radio whooping
cough
cowardice melancholy realize Worcester
communism military reasonable zephyr
comparable memorable recognize sovereignty
credulous miniature rectangle spiritual
deify minimize salivary subsequent
designate menu secondary summer
dormitory minutes seconded systematize
dynamo miserable secretary tabernacle
dysentery moccasin senator talented
execute monastery sepulcher temperature
exigency myriad serviceable temporary
emphasis necessary seventy-seven territory
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adventure comptroller herculean perpetuate
affiliate constituent judiciary policeman
aggrandizement contribute July precedent
agreement cooperate illimitable procedure
Aladdin cooperatively impiety professor
allergic defeatism inclement recipient
alleviate depreciate incorrigible remedial
aluminum determine indeed repatriate
alveolar desert ingredients repudiate
antennae detour inevitable satiety
appreciate develop initiative semester
associate development inseparable sincerely
attorney dispensary insurance sonorous
auxiliary distinguish irrevocable specific
awry distribute lapel taboo
bamboo duet librarian tattoo
beginning economize lieutenant theatrical
brochure emergency maniacal thermometer
Carnegie enamel meringue tribunal
cartoon enumerate naïve unfavorable
cashier eradicate negotiable utensils
certificates establish occur vagary
chagrin exemplary originally violinist
champagne finale pacific vocabulary
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aborigine cafeteria documentary persevere
adolescent circumvent guarantee reminiscent
antecedent coalition machination resume
apropos convalescent notoriety satisfactory
ascertain debonair paralytic satisfactorily
attaché democratic parliamentary supervisory
beneficiary deviation penicillin therapeutic
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surplus austere animosity representation
temporal dexterity theological appreciation
menace illiterate intermediate appropriation
thorough baptize architectural assimilation
colonel advertisement indescribable pronunciation
temperature administered indeterminate
subtle impediment ingenuity
poem refer immemorial
prevalent contemptible curiosity
QUIZ
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His (11) conduct is beyond question. (12) Conduct this young girl to the
house.
He got a written (13) permit from the dean. Mother will (14) permit us
to go to Bacolod.
The (15) contest will be held tomorrow. Will you (16) contest the
decision handed down?
Flying (17) objects were sighted in Ormoc. The lady (18) objects too
much.
He made a (19) survey of the squatter’s families. The members will (20)
survey the town markets.
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REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the chart below.
1. What were your thoughts or ideas about the speech sounds prior to the discussion of this
lesson?
I thought that….
2. What new or additional ideas did you learn after taking up this module?
I learned that….
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