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BATIS
Sources in Philippine History
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JOSE VICTOR TORRES

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C & E Publishing, Inc.
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2018
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
C&E
Publishing, Inc. .
C & E Publishing, Inc. was _
established in 1993, and Is
a member ofABAP, P8AI,
NBD8,and PEPA.

PREFACE. VII

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX

UNIT 1: CONTEXT ANALYSIS 1

Batis: Sources in Philippine History
Published in 2018 by C 6c E Publishing, Inc. Lesson 1: Learning History . . . , 2
839 EDSA,South Triangle, Quezon City 5 .
Lesson 2: Understanding Sources ,
Tel. No.:(02) 929-5088
E-mail: info@cebookshop.com UNIT 2: UNDERSTANDING PERSPECTIVE. . . . 13
Lesson 3: Magellan’s Voyage Around the World . . . . 14
Copyright © 2018 by C 6c E Publishing, Inc.
and Jose Victor Torres Lesson 4: Customs of the Tagalogs 42
Lesson 5: The Kartilya of the Katipunan 61
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this
publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval Lesson 6: The Act of Proclamation of Independence
system, or transmitted in any form or by any of the Filipino People {Acta de la
means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, Proclamacion de la Independencia
recording, or otherwise—without the prior written del Pueblo Filipino) 74
permission of the publisher.
Lesson 7: Speech of President
Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Corazon C. Aquino Before the
DS Torres,Jose Victor Z. Joint Session of the United States Congress,
668 September 18, 1986 86
.T67 Batis: sources in Philippine history/
2018 Jose Victor Z. Torres—Quezon City: C & E Lesson 8: Artworks 99
Publishing, Inc., ©2018.
ix, 231 p.: ill.; cm. UNIT 3: ANALYZING PRIMARY SOURCES Ill
Includes bibliography and index. Lesson 9: The First Cry of the Revolution
ISBN: 978-971-98-0932-6 (August 1896) 112

1. Philippines—History. 2. Philippines— Lesson 10: The Tejeros Assembly 122

Politics and government. I. Title. Lesson .1: The Rizal Retraction 138
Book Design: Paul Andrew L. Pagunsan
Cover Design: Ruth Anne D. Ellorin
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UNIT 4: EXPLORING HISTORY 153

Lesson 12: Historic Sites and Landmarks Recognized PREFACE

by the National Historical Commission
of the Philippines 154 ft
iI History has always been a subject dreaded by students
UNIT 5: PHILIPPINE GOVERNANCE
because of one thing—memorization. And this is why it has been
AND REVENUE SYSTEMS . 183
taken for granted by so many of the youth of today—the youth
Lesson 13: The Philippine Constitution 184 that we have come to call “the miilennials.
Lesson 14: Agrarian Reform 204
The improper way of teaching Philippine History has
Lesson 15: Taxation 212
r deprived many students from the primary to the tertiary levels
221 of the story of our nation and the formation of our identity
BIBLIOGRAPHY
as Filipinos. It is ironic because with today’s technology, one
INDEX 223 t
could imagine the amount of historical and cultural data about
THE AUTHOR the Philippines available online at the push of a button or the
flick of a fingertip. The data, however, seem wasted on mere
memorization without understanding the texts in the book
\ or the pictures on its pages and making sense of everything as
a whole. In other words, the student just breezes through the
subject by learning the bare facts of who, what, where, and
when and losing the how and why. Thus, commemorating our
heroes, respecting the symbols of our history and culture, and
knowing our past just pass them by with the significance barely
touched.

The new CHED curriculum on Philippine History

described as “Readings in Philippine History” tries to change
that impression. The present course means exposing students
to where our history comes from. The source is not simply
the textbook. Thus, students will be reading and analyzing
materials from different media—documents, pictures, videos,
audio-visual recordings, digital sources, pictures—that have
to do with Philippine history and culture. Using various
techniques, the students are expected to study and analyze
the sources—much like the classic detective work—and come

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up with an understanding of a historical truth. They are,

therefore, participating in the writing of history and not just
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
merely studying it. The new course also requires visiting various
historical sites, museums, and shrines to enrich students’
historical understanding and appreciation and lead to a deeper I extend my deep gratitude to the following people and
engagement with our country’s rich history and culture. institutions for their help in the research and writing of this
textbook;
Aligned with the new curriculum, Batis: Sources in
Philippine History is a textbook tailored for freshman college C & E Publishing, Inc. especially Ludy A. Lopez, Janinn
students. It is most aptly introduced at the point where young M. Almeyda, and Anna Lorraine V. Ang for the guidance and
Filipinos have already learned about the general topics of our patience that made Batis a reality;
history. The textbook features readings from primary sources The De La Salle University Library; the History Department
on events in our history with exercises to help in the analysis of De La Salle University; the Fr. Miguel de Benavides Library,
of the data given. Also included is a list of places to visit for University of Santo Tomas; the Archives of the University of
educational field trips. Chapters on the mandated topics in the Santo Tomas (AUST); the National Library of the Philippines;
course {i.e., Philippine Constitution, Agrarian Reform, and the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP);
Taxation) have also been added. and the Intramuros Administration;
We hope that in the course of studying our past, the Prof. Regalado Trota Jose; Dr. Florentino H. Hornedo (t);
young people of today will have a better understanding and Dr. Bernardita Churchill; Fr. Fidel Villaroel, O.P. (f); Fr. Lucio
appreciation of the story of our country, its people and culture. Gutierrez, O.P. (f); NHCP Chair Dr. Rene Escalante; and my
Mabuhay ang Kasaysayan at Kultura ng Ating Bayan! colleagues from the DLSU History Department;

Mr. Emmanuel Encarnacion for the permission to

photograph and use his collection of Katipunan documents and
Jose Victor Z. Torres, PhD
other archival papers for this work;

My father, Herminio, mother Gavina, and sister Lisa—

supportive family members;

And my wife Nikki and daughter Ruth Clare for the

patience, care, and love.

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