JAMMU AND kASHMIR POWER DEVELOPMENT

CORPORATION OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE ENGINEERING

DIVISIONUSHP-IIKANGAN
PRACTICALTRAINIING REPORT

Submitted by

SAQIB MAQBOOL
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

Becholar of Engineering
In

ELECTRICAL

SUBMITTEDTO

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SSM COLLEGE OFENGINEERING

DIVAR, PARIHASPORA PATTAN

June 2020

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my ceepsense of Gratitude and sincere thanks to Executive Engineer Generation

Division USHP-II Kangan for his valuable guidance, inspiration and constant
encouragement throughout the course of this work. His exemplary patience, concern and
understanding have result and completion of this work to our full satisfaction.

I also take this opportunity to express our gratitude to our practical trainer SARFARAZ
AHMAD for providing all necessary facilities, help, interminable support and
encouragement during the course of the training.

I am also thankful to department of Electrical Engineering SSM Collage of

Engineering Parihaspora Pattan.

I would like to thank my parents, for their exemplary patience and financial support for
the completion of this training. I would also like to thank my friends for their co-
operation.

Finally i take opportunity to convey our sincere thanks to all those directly or indirectly
contributed for the successful completion of practical training.
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF UPPER SINDH HYDEL PROJECT
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
 PENSTOCKS
 TURBINE
 FRANCIS TURBINES
 GENERATORS
 LT SECTION
 PHYSICAL STRUCTURE
 CONTROL ROOM FOR I,II & III UNIT
 3PHASE AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR
 HIGH/LOW PRESSURE COMPRESSER UNITS
 COOLING WATER UNIT
 DEWATERING UNIT
 LIGHTENING ARRESTOR
 132KV DOUBLE CIRCUIT TRANSMISSION TOWERS
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS(SF6) & ITS PROPERTIES
 POTENTIALTRANSFORMER
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 TAILPOOL
 TAILRACE
 BATTERY BANK
 EXTERNAL COOLING SYSTEM
 STEPUP TRANSFORMER
 INTRODUCTION

The power project is located at Kangan Valley about 35 km from Srinagar on Srinagar
Leh Highway. It was inaugurated in 2002 & was built at a cost of 404 crore in the state
sector. In this project peak power generation is 105 MW.Three alternators are operated in
the power house each turbine is generating 35MW.

The turbines used in this power house are Francis Type. The selection of
theTurbine used for generating electricity depends on their Operating heads. There are
also another types of turbines like Impulse, kaplan turbines etc. The impulse turbines are
used for high heads (above 300 meter operating heads). During winters, there are various
problems which reduce generating capacity of machines. These problems are mainly due
to low water flow in the canals.
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF UPPERSINDH PROJECT

This project is a run of river type on the Sindh Nallah, a major tributary of river Jhelum.
The Sindh Nallah has its source near Panchtarni Glacier of WowgenRange“after running
through the northern water shed of the range, the river enters into the Sindh valley of
Baltal.

OverviewofUSHP-II

.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT

The water flowing in the river possesses two types of energy; The Kinetic energy
due to the flow of water and potential energy due to the height of water. In hydroelectric
power plant, the potential energy of water is utilized to generate electricity.

The formula for total power that can be generate electricity from water in hydroelectric
powerplant due to its height is given:

P= rgh

Where, p is the power produced in watts and r is the rate of flow of water in cubic
meter/second, 'h' = height of water which is measured in meter its also known as head of
power plant.The difference between source of water (from where water is taken) and
water out flow(where the water is used to generate electricity, it is the place near the
turbines). g is the gravity, constant 9.8m/s.

The formula clearly shows that the total power that can be generated from the
hydrolectric power plants depends on two major factors: the flow rate of water, and
volume of flow of water and height or head of water. More the volume of water and
more the head of water more is the power produced in the hydroelectric powerplant.
 PENSTOCKS

Water in fore-bay pool is diverted to flow through big pipes called Penstocks.
There are two penstocks of different diameters to carry water.

The larger penstock has 3 meter diameter and another penstock has 2.25m
diameter. Near the power house these two penstocks slit up into two divisions. The flow
in the penstocks should have high pressure and velocity, so there should be no leakage of
water in these pipes.
 TURBINE TOP COVER WITH SHAFT

Turbines are connected with shaft, which is coupled to rotor of generator. So rotor is
rotated with the help of turbine in clockwise direction. The rated speed of rotor is 600
rpm. This speed gives 50 Hz frequency to the generated voltage.
 FRANCIS TURBINES

The turbines used in this power house are of Francis type. The selection of turbine
depends on their operating heads and flow rate. The head and flow rate of
FrancisTurbines are:

Head 450–400 meter

FlowRate 10-700 cubic meter per second

There are 24 guide vanes outside the runner of the Turbine which controls the
flowrate of water. The opening and closing of guide vanes is done by using servo motors,
automatically as well as manually.
 GENERATORS

Generators in this power house has peak power (3×35=105 MW) . There are three
generators in the power house. The stator of the generator has wave winding which acts
as armature winding and rotor of the generator has concentrated DC field winding on the
rotor poles. The DC voltage of field winding is kept between 159 volt approx.The rating
of each alternator is given below:

1. Active power=35000KW

2. Apparent Power=38888KVA

3. Power Factor(cosØ)=0.8Lag

4. Synchronous Speed=120×f ÷p =120×50÷10=600rpm.

5. Stator V=11000Vand I=2041A

6. Rotor V=159V & I =810A

 35-MW GENERATORWITH11-KV BUS DUCT

The three phases of each machine are covered with cylindrical metallic tubes. Current
transformers (CT), Potential Transformers (PT), Relays & other protection systems are
installed inside bus ducts. These devices help us to avoid tripping and failure of machine.
 L.T.SECTION

Low tension room in a power house helps to use it voltages 400-220 V for auxiliary
purposes. This voltage is got stepping down of machines 11 KV Voltage to 400/220
V.Another supplementary source for L.T. Section is from DG sets which are available in
the power house. 11KV voltage from machines is stepped down by auxiliary
transformers.
 PHYSICAL WINDINGS

There are typically three types of windings of synchronous machine:

1. stator winding (a-phase,b-phase,c-phase)

2. Field winding.

3. Amortisseur winding on the pole-faces.

The stator windings and the field winding is based on the genration.
 CONTROL DESK FOR I,II&III UNIT

The overall control and routine operations are performed in control room, where control
desk for each machine is installed.The machines are synchronized through the
instruments provided on the desk.
 3Ø AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Generator control AVR is the main controller of the generator. AVR has the control
overthe excitation system. It is a control device that senses change in output voltage
andcauses change in field resistance to keep output voltage constant. The AVR is capable
ofcovering 80% - 110% of the raed voltage of the generator at no load operation.
AVRrequires terminal voltage, current & phase angle as its input, using these inputs it
changesfiring angle of the thruster.
 HIGH/LOWPRESSURE COMPRESSOR UNITS

The compressor units are installed in the power house in order to regulate the pressure
and maintain it upto desire level for oil lubrication & cooling of different equipments in
the power house.
 COOLING WATER UNIT

Itisprovidedformaintainingthedesiredleveloftemperatureforbearingsofshaftandroto
rsuch asLGB,UGB,TGB, Thrustpadetc.andtoprovide adequate cooling
togeneratorandturbineunit.
 DEWATERINGUNIT

Thewaterleakagefromturbinesandotheralliedpipesinapowerhousecanberemovedfromitwitht
hehelpof dewatering motorpumps,asshown:
 LIGHTENINGARRESTER

It is used in grids, receiving stations & distribution sub-stations in order to

protectelectrical equipments from thundering and lightening and surges created due to
faults.Lightening arresterusedin yardis shownbelow:

A lightening arrester is a device which provide low impedance path for flow
ofcurrent between the line and earth when the system voltage increases more than
designedvalue and regains its original properties of an insulator at normal voltage. It is
connectedbetweenline and earthatthe sub-stationnear the transformer.
 132KVDOUBLECIRCUITTRANSMISSIONTOWERS

Transmission towers are used to carry heavy transmission lines (220 KV, 132
KV& 66 KV) which are 2.5 meter deep beneath the earth and 18-24 meter in height,
abovethe Earth’s surface. The insulators used are suspension type and should have high
stringefficiencytocarrytheweightofline.
 CIRCUITBREAKERS(SF6)

A circuit breaker can make or break a circuit either manually or automatically under
allconditions, i:e; no load , full load & short circuit. SF6 gas has following
propertieswhichprovesitssuperior to other circuit breakers , such as, oilorair
circuitbreaker

Properties ofSF6 are:

1. Ithasaveryhighdielectricstrength,roughlytwentytimesofthatofairandcomparabletooil
.
2. It is about100 timesmoreeffectivethanairinextinctionofarc.
3. Itsheattransferpropertyisabout1.6timesofthat ofairowingtoitshighdensity.
 POTENTIALTRANSFORMER

Potential transformers are used to measure voltages and for protection purposes.
Thesetransformers are connected to relays for safety operation of electrical system n
powerhouse,grid and sub-stations.Potential transformers areshownbelow:
 CURRENTTRANSFORMER

It is used to measure currents and for protection. It is connected to relays

forprotection of linesand other electricaldevices.

A current transformer is a device which produces in its secondary winding

acurrent which is proportional to the current flow in its primary winding. The
secondarycurrent is usually smaller in magnitude thenprimary current.The principal
function ofCT is to produce proportional current at a level of magnitude which is suitable
foroperation of measuring or protection devices such as indicating, recording
instrumentsand relays.
 TAIL POOL

When waterleaves the turbine after imparting energy to the turbine, it finally goes to
tailpool through draft tube. The water level of tail pool is higher than turbine level, so
thatmaximumenergyisutilizedfrompressure energyof water.
 TAILRACE

Thewaterafterhavingdoneitsusefulworkintheturbineisdischargedtothetailracewhich
mayleadittothe same or toanyother.

The tale pool water goes ahead to meet with other river through tail race.
Thebreadth of tale race is smaller than tale pool so that the water gets quickly off from
tailpool.
 BATTERYBANK
Batterybankis thereservepowersupplythatisusedforexcitation.Itisactually

220 voltsDC that is stored in large batteries in the form of chemical energy and at thetime
of excitation of hydrogenerator ,it is used to supply 159 volts to the
hydrogeneratorthrough carbon brushes(40 in number) to slip rings.As soon as the
machine gets started itisshut down.
 Externaloilcoolingsystem(EOCsystem)
Theoilusedinthemachineisprime57.Thereisamainoiltankthatis usedforstoringoil .When the
oil from the main oil tankruns through the pipes towards the machine withthe help of
motor pumps of 60 HP each (they are 3 in number 1 DC motor pumps and
2ACmotorpump),forcoolingthemachinefromtheheatlossesgeneratedduringrotationof shaft
inside hydrogenerator.The same heat is absorbed by the oil and machine getscooled down
.The same hot oiltravels throughpipes backto coolers and then filters
andthenthefilteredandcooledoilgoesbackintomainoiltankandtheprocessisrepeatedon
andonwiththe helpofmotorpumps.
In the above picture two AC motor pumps are shown .Only one is used at a time
andotheroneremainsatstandby.Each motorpump is60HP.It also
hasaDCmotorpump thatisused
whileinterruptionof AC power supply.

Step-uptransformer11kv/132kv

Thisisastep-
uptransformerusedtoconvert11kvinto132kvandissinglephase.Thistransformerstepsupvoltage
becausefromthistransformertransmission starts

Sothatlosseswillgetreducedfordistanttransmissionandtherewillbelessinfluenceofcoronaef
fect.Approximately35 MWgets generated by a single machine but
cangoupto 38MWand at powerfactorofapproximately 0.85 at a machine speed of
about600rpmbyusing17cusecsof waterperMW