TLE Activity Sheet Carpentry 4th Quarter
TLE Activity Sheet Carpentry 4th Quarter
TLE Activity Sheet Carpentry 4th Quarter
IV – Information:
Since trees are the source of lumber, you must be aware that only fully
matured trees are big trees that are ready to cut as lumber for
commercial purposes, subject to the laws, directives, and other legal
procedures implemented by the Government. This is aligned with the
Government’s thrust in preserving the wholesome environment and
contribute in addressing the harmful effects of global warming.
Because of the scarcity of lumber, it has become expensive, and
alternative materials are now used such as pre-fabricated steel used in
scaffoldings and staging.
Materials
• Plan and working drawing are sketches of the specific formworks
and form panels to be fabricated with all the necessary dimensions and
details drawn to scale.
Lumber refers to a piece of wood or stock, maybe coco lumber or good
lumber, usually 2” x 2” in cross section used as form stud.
• Assorted CWN refers to the different sizes of nails ranging from 1”-
4” (25mm-100mm) in length. Common wire nails (CWN) are the most
commonly used.
Phenolic Boards
Boards with resin that has high temperature stability which can be used in
formworks
Tools
Claw hammer is a driving tool used to
drive and pull out nails.
• Chalk line is a lining tool used to make straight lines surface. The
chord or string is tied to a nail and pulled out on a surface and snapped to
make a straight line.
Plumb bob is a testing tool used to check the vertical alignment of the
form in installation.
• Crow bar is a straight iron or steel bar, with the point flattened and
sometimes set at an angle, used for wrecking and pulling out large nails.
V – Activities:
Activity 2: Enumeration:
DR
Warping along
the face of a
board across
the width of
the board. This
often occurs
when one side
dries faster the
other
Checking
A crack in
the wood
structure of a
piece, running
lengthwise
usually caused
by rapid
seasoning.
Split
A longitudinal
separation of
the fibers which
extends to the
opposite face of
a piece of sawn
timber.
Crook
Warping along
the edge from
one end to the
other. This is
most common
in wood that
was cut from
the center of the
DRAFT
tree near the
pith.
Twist
Warping in
lumber where
the ends twist
in opposite
directions.
Wane
The presence of
bark or absence
of wood on
corners of a
piece of lumber.
Blue Stain
A discoloration
that penetrates
the wood fiber.
It can be any
color other than
the natural
color of the
piece in which
it is found. It is
classified as
light, medium,
or heavy and is
generally blue
or brown.
Machine Burn
A darkening of
the wood due
to overheating
DR
by the machine
knives or rolls
when pieces
are stopped in a
machine.
Pitch
An
accumulation
of resinous
material on the
surface or in
pockets below
the surface of
wood. It is also
called gum or
sap.
Loose Knot
Cannot be
relied upon to
remain in place
in the piece. It
is caused by a
dead branch
that was not
fully integrated
into the tree
before it was
cut down.
Tight Knot
A knot fixed
by growth or
position in the
wood structure
DR
so that it firmly
retains its
place in the
surrounding
wood.
Wood bores
Holes in the
wood caused
by insects and
beetles.
Properties of Wood
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Elasticity of wood depends on grain orientation,
moisture, species, temperature, and rate of
loading.