LEARNING

MODULE
21st Century Literature
from the Philippines G11/12 Q2 M4
and the World

1
 LEON GU LEON GUINTO MEMORIAL COLLEGE, Inc
443 Mabini Street Atimonan, Quezon
(Recognized by the Government)
Q2 M4
No. 010 s. 1986

…teaching minds …changing lives …moving forward

Name: _____________________________________________________ Subject: 21st Literature

Grade and Section: ___________________________________________ Date Deploy:

Date Returned:

I. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Most Essential Learning Competencies

1. Produce critical paper that analyzes literary texts in relation to the context of the reader and the writer or a
critical paper that interprets literary texts using any of the critical approaches; and

2. Produce an adaptation of a text into other creative forms using multimedia.

➢ Overview (Optional)

This module helps the learner to understand and appreciate the literary texts in various
genres across national literature and cultures. Because a multicultural framework celebrates
diversity, this module includes literary works from different countries reflecting the ethnicity,
habits, and customs of various groups throughout the world. It also incorporates learning activities
to help students get a more meaningful encounter with literature. Moreover, the literary pieces
are enriched with activities which engage students in thought and writing using learning strategies
to enhance their understanding, appreciation of the literary work, and multimedia and ICT skills.

DISCUSSION
EXPLORE

Before you start studying this module, may I know if you know the song “Blowin'
In The Wind” by Bod Dylan? This song was released in 1963 as the first single
of his second studio album 'The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan'. The song speaks
about humanity, war, and peace and other ambiguous questions that people
refuse to answer. Bob Dylan claims that the answers are already there.

ZJASegovia, LPT/ 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World
2
 by: Bob Dylan
How many roads must a man walk down
Before you call him a man?
How many seas must a white dove sail
Before she sleeps in the sand?
Yes, and how many times must the cannon balls fly
Before they're forever banned?
The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind
The answer is blowin' in the wind.
Yes, and how many years can a mountain exist
Before it is washed to the sea?
Yes, and how many years can some people exist
Before they're allowed to be free?
Yes, and how many times can a man turn his head
And pretend that he just doesn't see?
The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind
The answer is blowin' in the wind.
Yes, and how many times must a man look up
Before he can see the sky?
Yes, and how many ears must one man have
Before he can hear people cry?
Yes, and how many deaths will it take 'til he knows
That too many people have died?
The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind
The answer is blowin' in the wind.

After singing the song, analyze the song and answer the following questions in separate sheet of
paper.

1. What is the poetic genre of this song?

2. What figure of speech is used in the song? Give at least 3 lines to support your answer.
3. What do the following words symbolize?
a. roads b. dove c. sky d. ears e. deaths
4. What is the theme and meaning of this song?
5. Can you give at least three (3) quests of Bob Dylan as expressed in the song?

Instructions: Identify the correct literal meaning of the following words, write the letter of the
correct answer in separate sheet of paper.

____1. Love
a. intense feeling of affection b. strong feeling of annoyance c. lack of sleep d. no
remorse
___ 2. Boredom
a. weary b. hungry c. carry d. showy
___ 3. Glad
a. unwilling b. reluctant c. delighted d. dismayed
____ 4
____ 5. Implied
a. suggested but not heard b. suggested but not directly expressed
c. suggested but directly expressed d. suggested but get lost

Before analyzing a literary piece below, answer the following questions in separate sheet of paper.

1.What is the literal meaning of the word “itik?

2.What ideas are implied by the word “Itik” in the text?

ZJASegovia, LPT/ 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World
3
 Jayson E. Parba
Parts, daghan daw kag itik
sa imong tugkaran?Tagai ko,
Kanang nindot og lawas, ha?
Kanang kimbot ug sampot.
Ayaw nang sombra katambok
Basin dali ra kayo hangoson
Ug usa pa, di ko ana,
Kusog man gud na mukaon.
Ayaw na pod nang niwang,
Basin dali ra kayo kapoyon.

Ug usa pa, di ko ana,

Way lami kaunon ang bukogon.
Kanang sakto lang ug lawas
Para maigo sa akong kalha.
Akong adobohon. Sa kalipay
Ako iyang busogon.

FIRM UP

also referred to as figurative language, are

words or phrases that express meanings in a nonliteral way. These
expressions are often used for comparison and for conveying
emotion.

Literary writers use figures of speech to enhance the artistic quality of their works.
Figures of speech bring vividness and liveliness to the work, and they also emphasize the message
that the writer wants to convey. The use of these expressions also allows readers to feel a
connection with the literary work by sparking their imagination and arousing their emotions.
Figures of speech can be classified into different categories

1. A simile compares two unlike things with a common quality. The comparison is done using
words such as like or as.
Example:
My love is like a red rose.
(love is being compared to a rose)

2. A metaphor is a comparison that is done by stating that one thing is another in order to suggest
their similarity or shared qualities.
Example:
The clouds are soft cottons in the sky.
(clouds are compared to soft cottons)

3. Personification gives human qualities to objects and things.

Example:

ZJASegovia, LPT/ 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World
4
The rain gently kissed my cheeks.
(can rain kiss? only persons can kiss)

4. Metonymy refers to using a thing or idea that is not referred to by its own name but by a
different one, a name of something with which it is closely associated.
Example:
“White House declared….”
(Rather than “the president declared”)

5. Synecdoche uses a part of something to represent the whole or the whole to represent a
part.
Example:
Ask for a hand.
(refers to asking for a woman to marry)

1. Hyperbole uses intentional exaggeration to achieve emphasis or produce a comic effect.

Example:
He’s running faster than the wind.

2. An oxymoron is a word or a combination of words with contradictory meanings, as in

bittersweet and open secret.
Example:
Durian is disgustingly delicious.

3. Paradox is a statement that appears to hold contradictory ideas but may actually be true.
Example:
John is normally abnormal.

1. Alliteration refers to the use of closely spaced words that have the same initial sounds.
Example:
Black bug bit a big black bear….
https://examples.yourdictionary.com

2. Onomatopoeia is the use of words that imitate the sound of what they are referring to.
Example:
Machine noises-honk, beep, vroom, clang, zap, bang
www.literarydevices.com

What are literary techniques/ devices?

Literary techniques or devices refer to specific methods writers employ in their

works to convey messages. Readers, on the other hand, look for several literary
techniques when examining or analyzing a text or simply evaluating a text’s artistic
value.

Writers make use of literary techniques or devices to convey messages or to simply

add an artistic value to a text. Readers look for these techniques to help them
analyze or interpret a specific body of work.

ZJASegovia, LPT/ 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World
5
1. Anaphora is sometimes called epanaphora, refers to the repetition of a word or phrase at the
beginning of a sentence to create an artistic or heightened effect. It adds rhythm to a particular
line or paragraph, making it easier to memorize or remember. Anaphora is also used for emphasis
or to stir emotions among the audience.
Examples:
1.“Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better”

2. “My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my inspiration”.

https://sentence.yourdictionary.com

2. Antihero is a fictional character who does not possess the traits, such as pride and valor,
expected of a hero. Often, antiheroes are portrayed as foolish and usually find themselves in
mischief.
Example:
I Am Robot
If I Am Detective
Pika
Chu
I Musts Also Beez
Bumble
Beez
And together become
Robot
Nick
Evangeline Ruth Hope
June 2019
https://sentence.yourdictionary.com

3. Cliff-hanger is a literary technique used by the author to arouse curiosity among readers by
ending a chapter or story abruptly. Most of the time, the characters are confronted with a difficult
or an unsettling situation. Instead of providing a resolution, the author would end it. Furthermore,
this technique is often found in serialized works. Writers utilize cliff-hangers in their works to keep
the readers focused and interested as to what will happen next.

Example:
“It was a first truly successful primetime, use of a cliffhanger to keep fans talking all summer…”
https://sentence.yourdictionary.com

4. Juxtaposition is a technique author’s use in their works to compare two different things, or two
contrasting ideas to be able to emphasize their differences, such as good and evil, life and death,
truth and lies, among others. This technique is also used to develop a character, resolve a conflict,
or clarify various concepts.
Example:
“All’s fair in love and war”.
https://sentence.yourdictionary.com

5. Foreshadowing refers to lines or dialogues in a story which give the reader an idea of what is
about to happen without spoiling or explicitly stating the plot’s entirety. When writers use this
technique, especially in mystery or thriller novels, they provide “red herrings” (misleading or false
clues) to divert the readers’ expectations.

Example:
In Western movie, the good guy enters a bar, has a drink, and leaves. The bad guy scowls and
spits on the floor and you know there is definitely more to come between them.
https://sentence.yourdictionary.com

ZJASegovia, LPT/ 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World
6
6. Catharsis is derived from the Greek word catharsis, which means “purification” or “purgation.”
It refers to the emotional release or cleansing of the characters, or audience or readers, from
strong emotions usually brought by learning of the truth or when confronted with difficult
situations. This technique is commonly found in tragedies, such as Shakespeare’s Romeo and
Juliet and Sophocles’ Oedipus the King.
Example:
Playing the piano is a catharsis for a tired, busy mother after a long day of work.
www.softschools.com

7. Stream of Consciousness is sometimes referred to as interior monologue, is a literary

technique that is usually associated with Modern writers. The plot is developed based on the
characters’ reminiscence or recollection of events and thought fragments. Instead of using
dialogues to show the characters’ reaction or emotion, writers make use of stream of
consciousness to show each character’s complex nature. More so, readers are taken into the
depths of the characters’ mind and witness how these characters process their thoughts when
faced with a particular situation or emotion.
Example:
Excerpt from James Joyce Novel Ulysses
“He is young Leopold, as in a retrospective arrangement, a mirror within a mirror (hey, presto!),
he beholdeth himself. That young figure of then is seen, precious manly, walking on a nipping
morning from the old house in Clambrassil to the high school, his book satchel on him bandolier
wise, and in it a goodly hunk of wheaten loaf, a mother’s thought.”
https://literarydevices.net

8. Hamartia or tragic flaw is a technique commonly found in Greek tragedies. It refers to the
tragic hero’s error in judgment, which leads to his or her downfall. Most of the time, this error is
committed unknowingly, such in the case of Oedipus when he killed his father Laius and married
his mother Jocasta.
Hamartia is used to have the audience identify themselves with the protagonist (that he or she has
weaknesses too) and to provoke pity because of the miserable turn of events he or she went
through. Additionally, it is used to impart a moral objective among readers or audience to improve
or change for the better so as to avoid the tragedy that has befallen the protagonist.
Example:
One of the countless politicians to be involved in an extra- marital affair and in subsequent scandal,
Bill Clinton’s impeachment was one of the most public scandals to date. Again, relation of power
and the abuse of power are perhaps unsurprising, though tragic. The notable aspect of Bill
Clinton’s story is that he has been able to move beyond the scandal; it was not, ultimately, his
downfall.
https://literarydevices.net

ZJASegovia, LPT/ 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World
7
 ACTIVITY
DEEPEN
Instructions: Reread the text. What inference can be made about the text? Copy the table
below and write the answers.

Instructions: Write a five sentence paragraph on the question below.

What is your ideal girl (if you are a boy) (or ideal boy if you are a girl)?

ASSESSMENT
TRANSFER

Instruction. Choose the best answer. Write your answers in separate paper.

Instructions: Identify the correct literal meaning of the following words; write the letter of the
correct answer.
___ 1. Glad
a. unwilling b. reluctant c. delighted d. dismayed
____ 2. Surmount
a. beaten b. dominated someone c. leap over d. overcome a
difficulty
____ 3. Implied
a. suggested but not heard b. suggested but not directly expressed
c. suggested but directly expressed d. suggested but get lost
____4. Love
a. intense feeling of affection b. strong feeling of annoyance
c. lack of sleep d. no remorse
___ 5. Boredom
a. weary b. hungry c. carry d. showy

ZJASegovia, LPT/ 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World
8
Instructions: Identify the figures of speech and literary techniques in the following statements.
Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. The clouds are soft cottons in the sky.
a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Hyperbole d. Personification
2. I ask for your hand to marry me.
a. Metonymy b. Hyperbole c. Synecdoche d. Simile
3. He is running faster than the wind.
a. Oxymoron b. Paradox c. Alliteration d. Hyperbole
4. Black bug bit in a big black bear is an example of
a. Alliteration b. Hyperbole c. Onomatopoeia d. Simile
5. My hair is like a satin.
a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Hyperbole d. Personification

Instructions: Identify the figure of speech used by the following lines by matching column A with
column B. Write your answer in separate paper.
A B
_____1. Her skin is softer than silk. a. metaphor
_____2. She is as beautiful as an angel. b. oxymoron
_____3. He is like an angry lion. c. metonymy
_____4. The winds softly whisper in my ears. d. paradox
_____5. She sells seashells on the seashores e. synecdoche
_____6. Boots on the ground. f. alliteration
_____7. My heart bleeds with his words. g. Onomatopoeia
_____8. Her eyes are like diamonds. h. Hyperbole
_____9. Hark..hark…Bow..wow.. i. simile
_____10 Crook..crook..

Instructions: Identify the figures of speech and literary techniques in the following statements.
Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. He is running faster than the wind.
a. Oxymoron b. Paradox c. Alliteration d. Hyperbole
2. Black bug bit in a big black bear is an example of
a. Alliteration b. Hyperbole c. Onomatopoeia d. Simile
3. My hair is like a satin.
a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Hyperbole d. Personification
4. The clouds are soft cottons in the sky.
a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Hyperbole d. Personification
5. I ask for your hand to marry me.
a. Metonymy b. Hyperbole c. Synecdoche d. Simile

RESOURCES

Redoblado, Simoun Victor D., (2017), 21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World, Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc. Manila Philippines
Uychoco, Marikit Tara A (2016), 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the
World, Rex Bookstore, Manila Philippines

________________________________
Signature Over Printed Name

ZJASegovia, LPT/ 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World
9
ZJASegovia, LPT/ 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World
10