A. Describe The Benefits of Apiculture. (Give 5 Benefits)

Name: Mark V.
Manalang Agro-forestry
Subject: AF-122(Animal Science 1) Subject Code: 09614
A. Describe the benefits of apiculture. (Give 5 benefits)
There many benefits of apiculture that we can get. These are some of it:
1. Pollination.
Beekeeping has beneficial implications for the community. Bees play an

important role in many flowering plants ' pollination, thus increasing the yield
of some crops such as sunflower and various fruits. It is profoundly gratifying
to be a part of a real life cycle where honeybees pollinate flowers and plants
and produce valuable honey.
2. As a healthy natural sweetener.
Since its main objective is to make a honey, there are benefits that we can
derive from that. Beginning by being an excellent natural sweetener packed by
nutrients like niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, calcium, copper, iron,
magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium and zinc. Also, it doesn’t spoil,
and can be used for a variety of health benefits, such as soothing coughs,
boosting memory, treating wounds, potentially preventing low white blood cell
count caused by chemotherapy, relieving seasonal allergies, killing antibiotic-
resistant bacteria, providing fuel for the body, and resolving scalp problems and
dandruff.
3. Low maintenance.
Bee-keeping requires less investment in time, resources and infrastructure.

Bees work well from you, without much effort. When the hive is up and running,
upkeep takes only 30 minutes a week, and harvesting honey up to two times a
year requires a little more time.
4. Apiculture, as a method of wild colonies of bee conservation.
Many wild bee colonies are killed by the conventional practice of harvesting
the honey. The raising of bees in boxes and the processing of honey at home
will avoid this.
Name: Mark V. Manalang Agro-forestry
5. It can be a source of income for everyone.
Beekeepers may also make money from bee by-products such as wax and
propolis, besides selling extra raw honey for benefit. Beekeepers may sell
beeswax to make candles, wax wood furniture, polish concrete countertops,
conserve bronze and copper leather, and waterproof leather.
Propolis, a resin like substance bees make from tree sap, is often made into
furniture waxes and car wax. Beeswax, raw honey, propolis and pollen can also
be sold as natural health alternatives and supplements in fighting infections.
B. What are the considerations in choosing an appropriate environment for

bee culture?
There are some things that we must consider before we engage

ourselves in bee-keeping, in order to have a safety, and pleasant and high
yielding bee farms. These are some of it:
1. Availability of Flowers
Site your apiary near a nectar source like flowering trees and shrubs, food
crops and cash crops. Moreover, a beekeeper should know the flowering periods of
the various plants in and around the apiary.
2. Availability of Water
Place your apiary next to a seasonal water stream. However, if there is no
permanent source, you can provide water for bees to step on and avoid drowning in
neat colorful bowls or containers with floating sticks. Water is a necessity for bees
for various uses in the hive such as cooling (temperature regulation), feeding of
larvae and own use.
3. Accessibility and Topography

There needs to be an apiary accessible for easy honey management and
transportation. Flat or gentle muddy lands are favoured for quick maintenance in an
apiary.
4. Shelter or Shady Area
Shelter beehives direct sunshine against heavy waves, and water rolling off the
top covers. Hives hopping makes bees rowdy and violent. This can be achieved
by using trees for shade, and as a windbreak. Artificial tones can also be used.
5. The Proximity of Human Activities or Human Conflicts

Place an apiary away from points of public concern or locations where
every day human operations take place. Avoid areas near to schools, markets,
hospitals, playgrounds, roads, cultivated fields and so on as bees are becoming a
threat to humans.
6. Presence of Pests and the Use of Pesticides
An apiary should be free from areas where pests (honey badger, bees, and
man) regular attacks. Site the apiary should be far from fields that are treated
with chemicals to avoid bee poisoning and pollution of the honey.
7. Drainage
To stop washed away by a flood we suggest a well-drained location. Water
soaked soils also allow the hives to rot.
C. List 5 diseases of bees and describe their signs and symptoms.
Type of Disease of Bees Signs And Symptoms
American Foulbrood (AFB)  Brood pattern is sporadic and patchy.

 Polluted brood cell cappings can look sunken,
- A sealed brood disease caused by darker colored or greasy. That is how the larvae
the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae inside disintegrates.
creating a microorganism.
 Cappings can also be punctured by bees that try to
extract the dead brood (whose remains are
The infected larvae die and break
infective).
down into foul smelling fluid that can
be drawn as a line.  The larvae die after capping and turn into a
medium or dark brown semi-liquid layer.
 Infected hives may also have a sulfurous odor due

to brood decomposition..
European Foulbrood (EFB)  The irregular or patchy form of the brood.

 Dead and discolored larvae in uncoated cells; in
- Unsealed brood disease, caused by
certain cases, larvae can die after coating.
the non-spore-forming Melissococcus
plutonius bacterium. Secondary  Infection with EFB may often have a heavy
bacteria are also commonly found. ammonia-like (often identified as a sour) smell.
- Larvae of all ages are vulnerable to Closer inspection of individual cells will show that:
contamination and become tainted  Infected larvae may have shifted within the cell to
after the bacterial polluted food has sit in a coiled or twisted posture (rather than sitting
been eaten. The bacterium then in the typical' C' shape of healthy larvae).
multiplies in the larvae's mid-gut and  Dead larvae change colour from a clear pearly
competes for larval food, resulting in white to yellow and then to a dark color to
the larvae starving to death. becoming a liquefied mass (the' ropiness test' may
be conducted at this point of the disease process–

see Detection).
 The trachea of infected larvae can also get a more
pronounced yellow color as the colour of the larvae
varies.
 Over time, the dead larvae may continue to dry
out, forming a dark brown' rubber' layer, loosely
connected to the cell. This scale serves as a
vectorof re-infection.
Chalkbrood  Comb contaminated with Chalkbrood disease

displaying a dispersed brood pattern with
- Chalkbrood is an infectious mummies in the cells.
disease of honey bee larvae caused  When swallowed, the spore develops long
by a fungus called ascosphaer apis. filaments (known as hyphae) that penetrate the
intestinal wall of the larva to extract nutrients from
-Affected larvae die and dry to a the larva.
rough white or grayish "mummy."  Nutrients are absorbed through parts of fungi
known as mycelium, which appear to be visible
-Popular in many colonies, fluffy, white fungal growth–similar to white mold on
particularly in springtime. Not usually bread or very fine cotton wool.
regarded to be very critical, but the  The larva and the fungus expand until it reaches
death of a large proportion of the the cell in which it is housed, and after a few days
brood may be rare. the white fungal growth hardens, replacing the
hexagon shape of the cell, to create a thin, chalk-
like' mummy' that gives the disease its name.
 • The mummified larva will change from a white to
a gray-black colour, which indicates the completion
of the fungal life cycle and the development of new
spores capable of infecting a new larval host.
BlackQueen Cell Virus(BQCV)  BQCV infection causes the queen bee pupae to
turn yellow and the skin of the pupae to turn sac-
like.
- The black queen cell virus is
caused by a virus in the Cripavirus  The. In the later stages of infection, the dead
gene. queen bee can turn brown-black.
-The disease is most common in
spring and early summer.
It is suspected that infection with  The walls of the Queen Bee Cell have turn darker,
BQCV may be transmitted by Nosema brown-black.
apis, a microsporid parasite of honey
bees that invades the intestines of
adult honey bees.
Sacbrood Sacbrood virus can infect adults but does not produce
any obvious symptoms. Infections of Sacbrood virus
-A disease of the sealed brood are most apparent when the virus infects larvae.
caused by the sacbrood virus. Typical symptoms of Sacbrood virus include:
Affected larvae die and dry out to a  An uneven brood pattern with discolored, sunken
black scale with a “Chinese slipper” or perforated caps scattered through the brood
appearance. cells. This is usually caused by adult bees
-Not very common in Britain, but attempting to extract infected larvae.
certain strains of bee seem to be more  Infected larvae will die soon after capping and will
susceptible than others. not be pupated.
-Little research has been carried
out. No treatment is available in  The larva dies with its head extended at the top of
Britain. the cell and stretched out at the back of the cell
(i.e. banana shape)
 Upon death, the infected larvae turn from a bright
pearly white to yellowish, then brown. Darkness
starts at the head of the dead larva and extends to
the rest of the body.
 Dead larva skin also transforms into a strong
plastic capsule filled with water. It is this stage of
transmission that gives the virus its name. The bag
will be properly removed from the intact infect.
 Nurse bees usually reveal the cell, or extract the
dead larvae. The opening is often jagged within the
capping.
References:
The Many Benefits of Beekeeping! (2020, January 22). Retrieved from

https://www.grangecoop.com/honey-beekeeping-beginners/
Bee Keeping in brief. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/farm-

based-enterprises/bee-keeping-1/bee-keeping
Yanru. (2018, January 14). Give two advantages of apiculture. Retrieved from
https://www.studyrankersonline.com/12754/give-two-advantages-of-apiculture
Dzapete, L., Appiyah, L., Gyebi, E. O., Okese, K. A., Adjei, L., Boamah, J., &
koranteng, J. (2019, June 7). Beekeeping: Key Factors in Selecting Sites for
Apiary/Beehives. Retrieved from https://blog.agrihomegh.com/beekeeping-sites-
apiary-beehives/
Established pests. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://beeaware.org.au/archive-

pest/american -foulbrood/#ad-image-0
Established pests. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://beeaware.org.au/archive-

pest/european-foulbrood/#ad-image-0
Established pests. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://beeaware.org.au/archive-pest/black-

queen-cell-virus/#ad-image-0
Established pests. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://beeaware.org.au/archive-pest/black-

chalkbrood /#ad-image-0

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Name: Mark V.

A. Describe the benefits of apiculture. (Give 5 benefits)

Beekeeping has beneficial implications for the community. Bees play an

2. As a healthy natural sweetener.

Bee-keeping requires less investment in time, resources and infrastructure.

4. Apiculture, as a method of wild colonies of bee conservation.

5. It can be a source of income for everyone.

B. What are the considerations in choosing an appropriate environment for

There are some things that we must consider before we engage

3. Accessibility and Topography

4. Shelter or Shady Area

5. The Proximity of Human Activities or Human Conflicts

C. List 5 diseases of bees and describe their signs and symptoms.

Type of Disease of Bees Signs And Symptoms

American Foulbrood (AFB)  Brood pattern is sporadic and patchy.

 Infected hives may also have a sulfurous odor due

European Foulbrood (EFB)  The irregular or patchy form of the brood.

be conducted at this point of the disease process–

Chalkbrood  Comb contaminated with Chalkbrood disease

The Many Benefits of Beekeeping! (2020, January 22). Retrieved from

Bee Keeping in brief. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/farm-

Established pests. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://beeaware.org.au/archive-

Established pests. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://beeaware.org.au/archive-

Established pests. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://beeaware.org.au/archive-pest/black-

Established pests. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://beeaware.org.au/archive-pest/black-

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