Overview of Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machines Technology
Overview of Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machines Technology
Overview of Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machines Technology
Abstract— This paper describes the state of the art of hybrid 5) Permanent magnet synchronous machines with
excitation synchronous machines. Different hybrid excited auxiliary exciting windings.
synchronous structures from scientific and technical literature Criteria used for classification of hybrid excitation
are described and analysed. Advantages and drawbacks of the
machines are first discussed and an updated review of recently
different structures are discussed. Different method of
classification of these structures will also be discussed. The developed hybrid excitation machines will be provided in this
contribution of the hybrid excitation principle for motoring and section.
generating mode is detailed and the different models for the
design of these structures are presented.
A. Classification criteria
The double excitation principle allows a wide variety of
Index Terms— Hybrid excitation, permanent magnet structures to be realized. Many criteria can then be chosen for
machines, electric machines design, flux weakening region, high the classification of double excitation machines. Classical
speed application, embedded applications criteria used for classification of other types of electric
machines can be used; such as 2D and 3D structures, radial
field and axial field structures. However, regarding the
I. INTRODUCTION
particular structure of double excitation machines, the
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(a)
(a)
(b)
Fig. 7. Measured flux control capability. (a) Flux variation. (b) EMF variation
(170 r/min).
As it has been highlighted in this section, the hybrid
excitation machines allows combining advantages of PM
machines and those of wound field excitation machines.
Hybrid excitation offers an additional degree of freedom that
allows improving the energy efficiency of the traction motor
in electric or hybrid vehicle applications.
B. Generating Mode
The use of hybrid excited synchronous generators for
various applications has been reported in scientific literature
(b) [3], [59–61]. In [60], authors compared different hybrid
Fig. 5. Measured efficiency maps in the torque/speed plane. (a) α ≈ 0.72. (b) excited generators for an islanded application. In [61], authors
α=1
investigated a hybrid excited machine for wind generation
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Fig. 13. Design of the HEFSM for a Hybrid Vehicle application Fig. 15. NEDC Driving cycle
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