Morley15e PPT Ch13 REV
Morley15e PPT Ch13 REV
Morley15e PPT Ch13 REV
Understanding Computers
Today and Tomorrow
Comprehensive
Chapter 13:
Program Development
and Programming
Languages
Deborah Morley
Charles S. Parker Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning
Learning Objectives
Programming Contests
– One example is the TopCoder Open
• Six competitions
• Initial qualifying
rounds are online
• 48 semifinalists
compete on site
• $300,000 in prizes
• Other competitions
are available online
Answers:
1) b; 2) True; 3) flowchart
Answers:
1) c; 2) True; 3) macro
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 51
Programming Languages
• High-Level Languages
– Closer to natural languages
– Machine independent
– Includes 3GLs (FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, C, etc.) and
object-oriented languages (Visual Basic, C#, Python, Java,
etc.)
– Visual programming environments (VPEs)
• Use graphical interface to create programs
• Some are designed for educational purposes
– Scratch
• FORTRAN
– High-level programming language used for mathematical,
scientific, and engineering applications
– Still used today for high-performance computing tasks
(weather forecasting)
– Fortress
• Version designed for high-performance computing
• Takes advantage of multi-core processors and
computers with multiple processors
• Not being updated
• COBOL
– Designed for business transaction processing
– Makes extensive use of modules
– Strength lies in batch processing and its stability
– Programs are lengthy and take a long time to write
– Considered to be outdated by some
– New versions are evolving
• COBOL.NET
• Pascal
– Named after mathematician Blaise Pascal
– Created as a teaching tool to encourage structured
programming
– Contains a variety of control structures used to manipulate
modules systematically
• BASIC and Visual Basic
– Easy-to-learn, high-level programming language that was
developed to be used by beginning programmers
– Visual Basic
• Object-oriented version of BASIC; uses a visual
environment
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 62
Common Programming Languages
• C, C++, and C#
– C : Much closer to assembly language than other high-level
languages
– C++: Object-oriented version of C
• Very popular for graphical applications
– C# (C sharp): Hybrid of C and C++
• Used to create Web applications, XML-based Web
services, and Windows apps
– Objective-C: For iPhone and other Apple applications
• Java
– High-level, object-oriented programming language
frequently used for Web-based applications
– Java programs are compiled into bytecode
– Can run on any computer that includes Java Virtual
Machine (Java VM)
– Can be used to write Java applets
• Dart
– High-level, open source, object-oriented programming
language developed by Google
– Designed to replace JavaScript in Web applications
– Ruby
• High-level, open source, object-oriented programming
language that is often used to develop Web
applications
– Python
• Open-source, dynamic, object-oriented language that
can be used to develop a variety of applications: e.g.,
gaming, scientific, and databases
• Used by large organizations and some colleges, such as
MIT
Answers:
1) a; 2) False; 3) Java