International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 5 Issue 3, March-April 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on

Knowledge Regarding First Aid Management among
School Teachers in Selected Schools
Sangeetha Mohandas
Assistant Professor, Institute of Nursing Sciences and Research
Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Sangeetha

A pre experimental one group pre test post test design was undertaken to Mohandas "Evaluate the Effectiveness of
evaluate the effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding first aid Structured Teaching Program on
management among school teachers in selected schools at Vadavucode Knowledge Regarding First Aid
Puthencruz Panchayat. The objective were to determine the level of Management among School Teachers in
knowledge regarding first aid management among school teachers before Selected Schools"
structured teaching programme and to evaluate the effectiveness of structured Published in
teaching programme in terms of gain in knowledge. International Journal
of Trend in Scientific
METHODS
Research and
The research approach adopted for this study was quantitative type and the
Development (ijtsrd),
research design was pre experimental one group pre- test post- test design.
ISSN: 2456-6470, IJTSRD39878
This study was conducted among 30 school teachers in selected schools at
Volume-5 | Issue-3,
Vadavucode Puthencruz Panchayat based on inclusion criteria using
April 2021, pp.511-514, URL:
convenient sampling technique. The data for the study was collected by
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39878.pdf
structured questionnaire following which samples were subjected to STP on
first aid management for duration of one hour. Post test was conducted after
Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and
seven days following intervention using same knowledge questionnaire. The
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
data were analyzed and interpreted by descriptive and inferential statistics.
Research and Development Journal. This
RESULTS is an Open Access article distributed
Among demographic variables most of the subjects were in the age group of under the terms of
>41years (40%) and 13% of them were in the age group of 36-40 years. The the Creative
pre test knowledge score were 20% of the participants obtained between the Commons Attribution
range of good, 47% obtained score in the range of average and 33% obtained License (CC BY 4.0)
poor score. Similarly post test score were 70% obtained good score and 30% (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
obtained average and nobody obtained poor score.
This indicate that the mean post test knowledge score (29.3) after
intervention is higher than the mean pre test knowledge (20.8) before
intervention. The obtained’t’ value 9.7 is significant at p<0.05 level. So the
selected hypothesis H1 is accepted.
INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION
The result revealed that there was a significant improvement in knowledge
among school teachers regarding First aid management after structured
teaching programme. This research motivates that Teachers should be given
training on first aid management during their training course itself.

KEYWORDS: Effectiveness, Structured Teaching Programme, Knowledge, First aid

management

1. INTRODUCTION
First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a types of epidemiological factors in the school, which
sudden illness or injury with care provided to preserve life, influence their present and future state of health. Hence, first
prevent the condition from worsening, and/or promote aid should be known by school teachers to meet the urgent
recovery. Most injuries are minor and can be treated without needs of these school children during minor injuries.
medical attention such as bruises, minor fractures, sprains, Teacher is the key person in school who attend such type of
and strain. The knowledge of first aid, when properly victims and always in a position to save the life. Healthy safe
applied, can bridge the gap between temporary or environment is very important to avoid these hazards beside
permanent injury, rapid recovery, or long-term disability. qualified teachers who can detect any health problem and
can give first aid for commonly occurring emergencies in
Children spend most of the time in school under the direct
schools.
supervision of teachers. They are also exposed to various

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD39878 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 511
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
The primary purpose of the study was to make school Vadavucode. The sampling technique used for selecting the
teachers more competent in proving first aid care for minor sample was non probability purposive sampling technique.
injured children in schools through structured teaching The sample size for the present study is 30.Data was
programme. This may apply their knowledge regarding the collected after obtaining permission from concerned school
first aid management of selected minor injuries to encounter authorities and participant's informed consent. The tools
the children at primary school, which would further help in were: Tool 1- Demographic Performa, Tool 2- Structured
reducing the complications and advancement of the knowledge questionnaire on first aid management of
problem. Indirectly, it would also help in reducing selected minor ailments. The demographic Performa
absenteeism rate of primary school children due to minor consisted of the background information of the samples. The
injuries. knowledge questionnaire had 30 multiple choice items with
one correct answer for each. Each item was carrying a score
According to national first aid science advisory board, first
of one for correct answer and a score of zero for the wrong
aid should be learned by every person for this it is necessary
answer The knowledge score was classified as: Poor
that first aid training and education should be provided to
knowledge:0-10, Average knowledge:11-20, Good
everyone and should be important. In school, teachers are
knowledge:21-30.
the first caregivers who protect the children from trauma
and accidents. Every teacher should have the ability to deal Pre-test was administered to the participants on day 1, using
with any health emergency condition, when a children need demographic Performa and structured knowledge
healthcare. The victim should get immediate management of questionnaire. After the pre-test a structured teaching
any accidents or trauma for good and early prognosis. programme on first aid management was given for three
days (one hour session on each day) using PPT slides. On day
2. Need For Study
8, a post-test was conducted using the same knowledge
It is very difficult for a man to go out somewhere and return
questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using
safely because we cannot give any guarantee or security to
descriptive and inferential statistics
our life. This is the world of accidents. So many accidents
occur in many places like in schools, during travelling, when 4. Analysis and Interpretation
doing our daily activities and all. People motive is just to get “Data analysis is the process of organizing and synthesizing
away from the place when accident occurs. They do not data in such a way that research questions can be answered”.
come forward to help or to have some first aid care because The purpose of data analysis, regardless of the type of the
they are not aware of giving first aid for injuries. We could data one has, is to impose some order on a large body of
see the same situations in the school also. Recently the tragic information so that the data can be synthesized, interpreted
death of a 10 year old child after she was bitten by a snake and communicated”.
while inside her classroom at Sulthan Bathery in Wayanad.
The present study was done to assess the effectiveness of
The school authorities took no effective steps to provide first
structured teaching programme on first aid management
aid or to take the child to a hospital.
among school teachers of selected schools at Vadavucode
A lot of care must be taken while the students are in the Puthencruz Panchayat.
playground or in public places. So the awareness on first aid
Objectives of the study
has to be given for the school teachers. Because, first aid
To determine the pre-test knowledge score on first aid
training not only provide with knowledge and skills to give
management among school teachers.
life but also help to develop safety awareness and habits that
To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching
promote safety at home, at work, during recreation and on
programme on knowledge regarding first aid
the streets and highways. Every time a health worker would
management among school teachers.
not be available in the school: where the accidents can take
place at any point of time. It is needed or desired that the Statistical hypothesis
staff of the school should have knowledge so that they can H1: There will be a significant difference in mean pre-
responsible to look after the minor ailments or accidents in test and mean post-test knowledge score of the subject.
the school. Student’s safety is a major concern for the H0: There will be no significant difference in mean pre-
parents and the school staff. So the present study aimed to test and mean post-test knowledge score of the subject.
assess knowledge regarding first aid management the school
DISTRIBUTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AMONG
teachers.
PARTICIPANTS
Unintentional injuries, such as falls, bruises, and bumps Table-1 DISTRUBTION OF SUBJECT BY AGE
likewise occur in child-care programs. Schools and N=30
playgrounds are the most common location for falls (40.4%), Age Frequency Percentage
and approximately 39% of reported injuries in child-care 25-30 9 30%
settings involve bites. 31-35 5 16.7%
Objectives 36-40 4 13.3%
To determine the pre-test knowledge score on first aid >41 12 40%
management among school teachers. Data given in table no.1 shows that 40% of subject belongs to
To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching age group of >41 years.
programme on knowledge regarding first aid
management among school teachers.
3. Materials and Methods
A quantitative research approach was used to evaluate the
knowledge of teachers from the selected schools of

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD39878 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 512
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
DISTRUBTION OF SUBJECT BY QUALIFICATION
N=30
Qualification Frequency Percentage
TTC 9 30%
B.Ed 21 70%
Data given in table no.4 shows that 70% of subject belongs to
qualification of B.Ed

Data given in Figure1 the bar diagram showing age

wise distribution of participants
DISTRUBTION OF SUBJECT BY YEAR OF EXPERIENCE
N=30
Year of Experience Frequency Percentage
1-5 years 5 16.7%
6-10years 12 40%
>10years 13 43.3% Figure 4 pie diagram shows the distribution of
educational qualification among subjects
Data given in table no.2 shows that 43.3% of subject belongs
to >10 years of experience. DISTRUBTION OF SUBJECT BY AREA OF RESIDENCE
N=30
Area of Residence Frequency Percentage
Urban 17 56.7%
Rural 13 43.3%
Data given in table no.5 shows that 56.7% of subject belongs
to urban area of residence

Figure 2 the cone diagram shows the distribution of

year of experience among subjects.
DISTRUBTION OF SUBJECT BY TYPE OF FAMILY
N=30
Type of Family Frequency Percentage
NUCLEAR 20 66.7% Figure 5 cylindrical diagram shows the distribution of
JOINT 10 33.3% area of residence

Data given in table no.3 shows that 66.7% of subject belongs COMPARISON OF PRE-TEST AND POST –TEST LEVEL OF
to nuclear family KNOWLEDGE AMONG SCHOOL TEACHERS
N=30
Pre test Post test
Domain Frequ Percent Freque Percent
ency age ncy age
Poor 10 33.3% 0 -
Average 14 46.7% 9 30%
Good 6 20% 19 63.3%
Excellent 0 - 2 6.7%

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING

PROGRAMME
N=30
Mean SD t Value
Figure 3 pie diagram shows the distribution of type of Pre test 12.10 1.9
14.85
family among subjects. Post test 20.06 2.1
*p<0.05 (level of significance)

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD39878 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 513
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
5. Discussion : [4] Parvesh saini, Puja Saluja. First aid and emergency
In this study, the knowledge and practices posttest score of management. 1st ed. Lotus publications. P. No. 66, 118,
primary school teachers were significantly higher compare 182.
to pretest knowledge score about first aid management of
[5] I Clement. Text book of first aid and emergency
selected minor injuries. The results revealed that there was a
nursing. 2nd ed. India: Jaypee publications. P. No:53 -
significant difference between the mean pre test and post
61
test knowledge scores of the school children which indicated
that the teaching programme was effective,(t=14.85, p<0.05) [6] Dr. T. S. Vasudevan. A quick reference book on first
hence H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected. aid with poison care index. H&C Publishing house. P.
No: 40 - 56.
6. Conclusion :
The study concluded that the structured teaching [7] Ajay Singh. First aid and emergency care. 9th enlarged
programme was effective in bringing the desired changes in ed. N. R. Brothers publishers. P. No:133 -136
the knowledge of school teachers on first aid management.
[8] Le Gupta, Abijith Gupta. Manual of first aid. 5th ed.
Hence it can be used as an effective teaching strategy among
Kolkatha: Jaypee publications. P. No:147-156
the school teachers to spread health messages.
[9] J Makarska, D Myrcik. Evaluation knowledge of
7. Recommendations:
teachers and primary school students principles of
A. The study can be conducted on large samples.
first aid. International journal of paediatrics, 2010
B. The study can be done in large settings.
5;23:p:883-889
C. Comparative study can be done between urban and
rural school teachers. [10] S Bavrak, E Sari Tunces. Evaluation of elementary
D. A similar study can be replicated with an experimental school teachers knowledge and attitude immediate
research approach. emergencies, Indian journal of medical sciences 2009;
63
Bibliography
[1] Maheshwari Lognathan. Essential of first aid for [11] S Masib et al. A knowledge and practice of primary
nursing. 1st ed. Jaypee publications. P. No. 12-27. school teachers about first aid management of
selected mior injury among children. International
[2] J. K. Indrani. First aid for nurses. 1st ed. Mumbai:
Journal of medicine and public health 2014;4:p. 458-
Jaypee publications. P. No106, 168.
62.
[3] Dr. Shashank. V. Parulekar. First aid. 3rd ed. Mumbai:
[12] International journal of advanced in nursing
Vora medical publications. P. No. 12-32.
management, ISSN [ONLINE] 2016; 4, 3July-Sept.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD39878 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 514