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C. Corporation vs. Partnership

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Distinguish corporation vs partnership as juridical person

C. CORPORATION VS. PARTNERSHIP

A corporation is different from a partnership in the following ways:

[a] A corporation is created by law or by operation of law while a partnership is created by mere
agreement of the parties;
[b] A corporation is governed primarily by the Corporation Code while a partnership, the Civil
Code;
[c] A corporation can only exercise powers which are expressly granted by law or those inherent
or implied while a partnership can act freely as long as not contrary to law, morals, good
customs, public order and public policy; and
[d] A corporation acts through a board while a partnership acts through any partner, except when
a general partner has been appointed.

Employer employee in chartered goccs – civil service; non chartered, the labor code of the
Philippines, NLRC
One Person Corporation VS Ordinary Corporation
Corporation Sole vs Sole Corporation
Appraisal Right vs Preemptive
Appraisal Right – demand fair value, dissent to a particular act, merger or consolidation
Pre emptive Right – to subscribe to the shares of stock of the corporation
- unsubscribed share
Preemptive vs Right of First Refusal
Right of First Refusal – shares of outstanding, already outstanding, before it can , priorities given
to the stockholder in record
Kapag wala sa negative list, walang law na nasa nationalized
Dapat foreign equity ownership sa domestic enterprise should have a paid in capital of
not less than 200k dollars.
Section 51, quorum, basta hindi specifically nakalagay sa batas, ay pwedeng mas mababa o mas
mataas sa usual quorum basta nakalagay sa by laws.
PAID UP CAPITAL VS PAID IN CAPITAL
Paid-in capital represents the funds raised by the business through selling its equity and not
from ongoing business operations. Paid-up capital is the amount of money a company has
received from shareholders in exchange for shares of stock.
Paid in – par value is 100, tas binenta ng 1000, yung 900 is paid in.
Consider the paid up capital plus paid in to determine whether section 42 is violated.
Paid up capital – amount
Paid in capital – amount
Question, is there a violation of section 42?
Recall the 8 instances where the nonvoting shares are entitled to vote,
They are not entitled to vote:
Fill up the board arising from removal
Election of BOD.
Removal of BOD
Declaration of stock dividends
Discuss amendment of by laws (Section 47)
Enumerate the instances, entities that are not allowed to be incorporated as one person corp
Delinquent and non-delinquent stock
Non -entitled to vote, no declaration
Delinquent - Declaration relative to their delinquencies, not entitled to vote
Par Value share vs No par value Share
Par value –
No par value – deemed fully paid, once issued, there are entities
A par value for a stock is its per-share value assigned by the company that issues it and is often
set at a very low amount such as one cent. A no-par stock is issued without any designated
minimum value. Neither form has any relevance for the stock's actual value in the markets
2 instances where Foreign Corporation may amend its license
1. Licensee will amend its name
2. when it will engage to another business other than its primary
Securities that can be given by a foreign corp (Sect 143)
1. Government securities
Voluntary Dissolution vs Involuntary dissolution (issued by SEC)
How appraisal right can be exercised by a stockholder
Purposes allowed for non stock corpo
Dissolution
Voluntary Dissolution no creditor affected
Who may be a resident agent of a foreign corporation
IS partnership allowed to be designated as a resident agent
Why is there a need for a resident agent
No designated agent, sino ang magiging resident agent? Sect 145

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