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Copenhagen, Denmark: Case Study

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Case Study

Copenhagen, Denmark

Copenhagen is the capital and largest city in Figures2


Denmark, with a growing urban population and Area (mq) 34.07
is becoming a strong cultural and economic Population 2010 (million) 678.873
centre with the largest airport in Scandinavia. Its Density (sq m) 16,000
own unique neighbourhoods and characteristics Number of districts 10
contribute to the diversity of the city’s culture
and urban fabric. Copenhagen is a prime example
of a successful polycentric urban network that
is increasing the diversity and wellbeing of its
residents. During the 1940s the municipality
began a new strategy for urban development
in greater Copenhagen. The ‘Five-finger Plan’1
consists of five transport corridors along which
the city planned to grow. The idea is organized
to optimize the space so there is little traveling
distance from urbanized areas to green ones.
Polycentric model were used to break up the
urban density to benefit the citizen with low
commuting time and a diverse practice of space.
Case Study cont'd
Copenhagen, Denmark

National governance at a local level Economic and spatial similitude


Copenhagen’s parliament and government set the Currently Copenhagen municipality has different
political and economical goals for the city, but the plans to contract the expansion of existing metro lines
allocation of resources for their achievement are put throughout the city. These plans have been made
into place by voluntary negotiations at the local level. in collaboration with the municipal governments of
Reducing the uncertainty of the central government is Copenhagen and Frederiksberg. Cityringen will be
also the main focus of participation in local decisions. completed by 2018. This circle line will be a 15 km
Because the governance system of Copenhagen is underground railway in downtown Copenhagen, the
controlled mainly at a local level, the overall stake of "bridge quarters" and Frederiksberg. Cityringen will
citizen implication is relatively high. have seventeen new underground stations, taking
less than 24 minutes to travel all around the city. The
purpose of this new line is to reduce the travel time and
better connect the city—complementing its polycentric
nature.

Citizens, drivers of democracy


In Copenhagen the citizens are the drivers of the
polycentric development through schemes such as the
‘Citizens Advice’ service3, employed by the council
to make it easier to lodge complaints for the users, Consequently, Copenhagen represents a fitting example
citizens, traders and businessmen. This independent of how a polycentric urban scheme can aid in the
body helps to give people a voice outside of the city of success of a democratically and spatially comfortable
Copenhagen administrations, committees and mayors. environment, providing the opportunity to listen to
And the city authorities are paying attention! Recently, citizens at a local level. The spatial structure of the
the mayor of the city, Ritt Bjerregaard emphasized city is easily accessible through the use of transport
‘Copenhagen belongs to the people who live there – links, which are essential in a thriving multi-centred
the citizens own their city and our democracy is based city. Apart from efficiency and mobility in a city, a
on consideration, enthusiasm and the will to create a well connected transport network links otherwise
better life both for one self and for one’s neighbour.4 isolated social groups and thus prevents segregation
Case Study cont'd
Copenhagen, Denmark

or additional problems such as poverty or lack of More info


employment. Additionally, in Copenhagen the emphasis 1 Paul Cahasan & Arielle Farina Clark,

on bike friendly routes and environments eases much http://depts.washington.edu/open2100/Resources/1_


of the responsibility of policy in encouraging citizen OpenSpaceSystems/Open_Space_Systems/copenhagen.pdf
participation in the urban daily life and provides new 2 Statistics Denmark http://www.dst.dk/

possibilities and infrastructure for polycentricity and 3 http://www.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/

city participation. SubsiteFrontpage/CityCouncil/CityAdministrations/


CitizensAdvice.aspx
4 http://www.nwe.siemens.com/denmark/internet/dk/presse/

Documents/Green_City_Index_report.pdf

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