Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark with a growing population that is becoming a strong economic and cultural center. It uses a polycentric urban development model consisting of five transport corridors to break up density and improve residents' well-being. Governance is mainly at the local level, improving citizen involvement. A new metro line will further connect the polycentric city and reduce travel times. Citizens actively participate in democracy through advisory services and emphasis on bike infrastructure, supporting the polycentric urban network.
Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark with a growing population that is becoming a strong economic and cultural center. It uses a polycentric urban development model consisting of five transport corridors to break up density and improve residents' well-being. Governance is mainly at the local level, improving citizen involvement. A new metro line will further connect the polycentric city and reduce travel times. Citizens actively participate in democracy through advisory services and emphasis on bike infrastructure, supporting the polycentric urban network.
Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark with a growing population that is becoming a strong economic and cultural center. It uses a polycentric urban development model consisting of five transport corridors to break up density and improve residents' well-being. Governance is mainly at the local level, improving citizen involvement. A new metro line will further connect the polycentric city and reduce travel times. Citizens actively participate in democracy through advisory services and emphasis on bike infrastructure, supporting the polycentric urban network.
Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark with a growing population that is becoming a strong economic and cultural center. It uses a polycentric urban development model consisting of five transport corridors to break up density and improve residents' well-being. Governance is mainly at the local level, improving citizen involvement. A new metro line will further connect the polycentric city and reduce travel times. Citizens actively participate in democracy through advisory services and emphasis on bike infrastructure, supporting the polycentric urban network.
Copenhagen is the capital and largest city in Figures2
Denmark, with a growing urban population and Area (mq) 34.07 is becoming a strong cultural and economic Population 2010 (million) 678.873 centre with the largest airport in Scandinavia. Its Density (sq m) 16,000 own unique neighbourhoods and characteristics Number of districts 10 contribute to the diversity of the city’s culture and urban fabric. Copenhagen is a prime example of a successful polycentric urban network that is increasing the diversity and wellbeing of its residents. During the 1940s the municipality began a new strategy for urban development in greater Copenhagen. The ‘Five-finger Plan’1 consists of five transport corridors along which the city planned to grow. The idea is organized to optimize the space so there is little traveling distance from urbanized areas to green ones. Polycentric model were used to break up the urban density to benefit the citizen with low commuting time and a diverse practice of space. Case Study cont'd Copenhagen, Denmark
National governance at a local level Economic and spatial similitude
Copenhagen’s parliament and government set the Currently Copenhagen municipality has different political and economical goals for the city, but the plans to contract the expansion of existing metro lines allocation of resources for their achievement are put throughout the city. These plans have been made into place by voluntary negotiations at the local level. in collaboration with the municipal governments of Reducing the uncertainty of the central government is Copenhagen and Frederiksberg. Cityringen will be also the main focus of participation in local decisions. completed by 2018. This circle line will be a 15 km Because the governance system of Copenhagen is underground railway in downtown Copenhagen, the controlled mainly at a local level, the overall stake of "bridge quarters" and Frederiksberg. Cityringen will citizen implication is relatively high. have seventeen new underground stations, taking less than 24 minutes to travel all around the city. The purpose of this new line is to reduce the travel time and better connect the city—complementing its polycentric nature.
Citizens, drivers of democracy
In Copenhagen the citizens are the drivers of the polycentric development through schemes such as the ‘Citizens Advice’ service3, employed by the council to make it easier to lodge complaints for the users, Consequently, Copenhagen represents a fitting example citizens, traders and businessmen. This independent of how a polycentric urban scheme can aid in the body helps to give people a voice outside of the city of success of a democratically and spatially comfortable Copenhagen administrations, committees and mayors. environment, providing the opportunity to listen to And the city authorities are paying attention! Recently, citizens at a local level. The spatial structure of the the mayor of the city, Ritt Bjerregaard emphasized city is easily accessible through the use of transport ‘Copenhagen belongs to the people who live there – links, which are essential in a thriving multi-centred the citizens own their city and our democracy is based city. Apart from efficiency and mobility in a city, a on consideration, enthusiasm and the will to create a well connected transport network links otherwise better life both for one self and for one’s neighbour.4 isolated social groups and thus prevents segregation Case Study cont'd Copenhagen, Denmark
or additional problems such as poverty or lack of More info
employment. Additionally, in Copenhagen the emphasis 1 Paul Cahasan & Arielle Farina Clark,
on bike friendly routes and environments eases much http://depts.washington.edu/open2100/Resources/1_
of the responsibility of policy in encouraging citizen OpenSpaceSystems/Open_Space_Systems/copenhagen.pdf participation in the urban daily life and provides new 2 Statistics Denmark http://www.dst.dk/
possibilities and infrastructure for polycentricity and 3 http://www.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/
city participation. SubsiteFrontpage/CityCouncil/CityAdministrations/