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Computer Systems
Servicing NC II
Quarter 1
Module 1: Types and Parts of
Computers, Operating Systems, and
Peripheral Devices

Source: Luke, HoddeBlack Computer Tower on Brown Wooden

Table, Free Royalty
www. https://unsplash.com/

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Computer Systems Servicing NC II - Grade 11
Quarter 1, Module 1
Types and Parts of Computers, Operating Systems and Peripheral Devices
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Writer: VELNORCA H. LAVIÑA

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Computer Systems Servicing NC II - Grade 11
Quarter 1 Installing and Configuring Computer Systems (ICCS)
Module 1: Types and Parts of Computers, Operating Systems and Peripheral Devices

To be well acquainted with computer it is important to know its basics such as the parts, its
classifications, the devices that add functionalities and the set of programs that manages computer
hardware resources. This module will give an explanation about the computer’s types, peripherals,
parts and operating system.

At the end of the lesson you are expected to:

 Identify the different types, parts and peripheral devices of a computer.

 Define Computer Operating systems
 Enumerate the types, parts, peripheral devices and operating systems of a computer.
 Recognize the basic computer operating systems.
 State the function of types, parts and peripheral devices of a computer.
 Appreciate the importance of types, parts, peripheral ang operating system of a
computer.

For your better understanding of the lesson, here is the list of words and their meanings
Read and understand them carefully

Peripheral Devices
also known as computer peripheral, input-output device, or input/output device, any of various
devices used to enter information and instructions into a computer for storage or processing
and to deliver the processed data.

Input/ Output Devices

An input device sends information to a computer system for processing, and an output device
reproduces or displays the results of that processing.

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Operating Systems
a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for
application software.

MAC
The computer operating system for Apple Computer's MacIntosh line of personal computers
and workstations

Linux
A Unix-like, open source and community-developed operating system for computers, servers,
mainframes

Windows
A series of operating systems developed by Microsoft.

GUI
Stands for "Graphical User Interface" and is pronounced "gooey." It is a user interface that
includes graphical elements, such as windows, icons and buttons.

Solid State Drive (SSD)

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a new generation of storage device used in computers. SSDs
replace traditional mechanical hard disks by using flash-based memory, which is significantly
faster.

Storage Device
The storage device usually enables a user to store large amounts of data in a relatively small
physical space, and makes sharing that information with others easy.

Volatile
It comes from the Latin "volatilis" meaning "to fly". In computers, volatile is used to describe
memory content that is lost when the power is interrupted or switched off.

Software
Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-defined function.

Hardware
Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of a computer, i.e. the components
that can be seen and touched such as the system unit, mouse and others.

Cortana

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Direction: Read the sentence carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer from the given
choices. Write your answer in your data notebook.

1. It manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware.
A. Application software C. Graphical User Interface
B. Computer Operating System D. Micro Computer
2. It is a type of computer that features both analogue and digital computer?
A. Analogue Computer C. Hybrid Computer
B. Digital Computer D. Micro Computer

3. It is a general-purpose computer that is designed for individual use. It is also known as personal
computer
A. Mainframe C. Minicomputer
B. Microcomputer D. Workstation

4. It is a part of computer performs the calculations needed by a system and can vary in speed? They
are referred to as computer’s brain
A. Central processing Unit C. Random Access Memory
B. Hard Disk Drive D. Video Card

5. It is a part of a computer is also called the display card, graphics card or graphics adapter?
A. Central processing Unit C. Random Access Memory
B. Hard Disk Drive D. Video Card

ACTIVITY 1

In this activity, your task is to look for and encircle the words that belong to the types and parts of a
computer. You Can find 4 types and 6 parts of Computer in this puzzle. After encircling the words,
classify it by filling in the table entitled Parts of Computer and Types of Computer.

Parts of Computer
1
2
3
4
5
6
Types of Computer
1
2
3
4

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 ACTIVITY 2

In the first activity, you are given the chance to identify the types and parts of computer. In this
activity, your task is to complete the open-ended statement below with your perception, opinion or
prior knowledge about Computer Operating systems.

Peripheral Devices are _______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 3

Parts and peripheral devices are not sufficient to make a computer functioning. Operating systems are
the most important software that runs in your computer. For this activity your task is to arrange the
Operating systems from Past to present versions then answer the process questions below.
DOS WINDOWS 8
DOS WITH WINDOWS 3.X WINDOWS 9X
WINDOWS 10 WINDOWS NT
WINDOWS 2000 WINDOWS VISTA
WINDOWS 7 WINDOWS XP
WINDOWS ME

Process Questions:
1. What Operating system mentioned above is the oldest OS?
Newest?
2. What are the 3 biggest developer companies of Computer
Operating Systems?
3. Who are the key persons of these companies?
4. Which of the 3 is commonly used/installed Operating
System? Why? Windows vs. MacOS vs. Linux: Does your OS affect
your privacy? (2019). [Image]. Https://Medium.Com/.
5. Why is it important to have an Operating system? https://medium.com/@luc_23423/windows-vs-macos-
vs-linux-does-your-os-affect-your-privacy-
6. How will you know if your computer has an operating 4bcaf2253b5d

system?

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 Let’s Explore!
Did you know

There are lots of terms used to describe different types computers. Most of these words indicate the
size, expected use or capability of the computer. Let’s learn the types of computers according to the
basis of handling capabilities and on the basis of size.

A. Types of Computer

Types of Computers based on data handling capabilities:

1. Analogue Computer- Analogue computers are designed

to process analogue data. Analogue data is continuous data that
changes continuously and cannot have discrete values. We can
say that analogue computers are used where we don't need exact
values always such as speed, temperature, pressure and current.
Speedometer and mercury thermometer are examples of
analogue computers.

Analogue Computer. (2019). [Image]. https://www.britannica.com/technology/analog-computer

2. Digital computer - designed to perform calculations

and logical operations at high speed. It accepts the
raw data as input in the form of digits or binary
numbers (0 and 1) and processes it with programs
stored in its memory to produce the output. All
modern computers like laptops, desktops including
HANSON, G. R. E. G. O. R. Y. (2020). What is a digital computer? [Image]. https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-digital-computer.htm

smartphones that we use at home or office are digital computers.

3. Hybrid Computer - features of both analogue and digital computer. It is fast

like an analogue computer and has memory and accuracy like digital
computers. It can process both continuous and discrete data. It accepts
analogue signals and convert them into digital form before processing. So, it
is widely used in specialized applications where both analogue and digital
data is processed.
Polish Hybrid computer WAT 1001. (2005). [Image]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_computer#/media/File:WAT_1001.jpg

Types of Computer based on its Size

1. Supercomputer - the biggest and fastest computers. They are designed to

process huge amount of data. A supercomputer can

Greene, T. (2019, November 18). 0 of the world’s fastest supercomputers [Image].

https://www.networkworld.com/article/3236875/embargo-10-of-the-worlds-fastest-supercomputers.html
 process trillions of instructions in a second. It has thousands of
interconnected processors. Supercomputers are particularly used in scientific
and engineering applications such as weather forecasting, scientific
simulations and nuclear energy research. The first supercomputer was
developed by Roger Cray in 1976.

2. Mainframe computer - designed to support hundreds or thousands of users

simultaneously. They can support multiple programs at
the same time. It means they can execute different
processes simultaneously. These features of mainframe
computers make them ideal for big organizations like
E.R.R.S.B.A.N.G.E.R. (2020, February 19). Mainframe Computer Definition with their banking andandtelecom
Example, Types, Uses [Image].sectors, which need to manage
http://digitalthinkerhelp.com/mainframe-computer-definition-with-their-example-types-and-uses/
and process high volume of data.

3. Miniframe or Minicomputer – a midsize multiprocessing computer. It

consists of two or more processors and can support 4 to 200 users at one
time. Miniframe computers are used in institutes and departments for tasks
such as billing, accounting and inventory management. A minicomputer lies
between the mainframe and microcomputer as it is smaller than mainframe
but larger than a microcomputer.
M.A.L.C.O.L.M.T.A.T.U.M. (2020). What is a Minicomputer? [Image]. https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-minicomputer.htm

4. Workstation - refers to an individual computer,

or group of computers, used by a single user to
perform work. It has a faster microprocessor, a
large amount of RAM and high speed graphic
adapters. It generally performs a specific job
with great expertise and is also intended for
J.C.B. (2017, November 13). How to Set Up an Efficient Computer Workstation [Image]. https://www.firealley.net/computer-workstation/

serious academic or professional computation.

5. Microcomputer - also known as a personal computer. It is a general-purpose computer that is

designed for individual use. It has a microprocessor as a central processing unit, memory, storage
area, input unit and output unit. Laptops and desktop computers are examples of microcomputers.
They are suitable for personal work that may be making an assignment, watching a movie, or at office
for office work.

Types of Micro computers:

 Desktop Computer or Personal Computer(PC)

- A desktop computer is a personal computer
designed for regular use at a single location on or
near a desk or table due to its size and power
requirements. It is not very expensive and is

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 suited t the needs of a single user at home, small business units, and
organization.

Joel Santo Domingo, Tom Brant. (2020, May 7). The Best Desktop Computers for 2020 [Image].
https://sea.pcmag.com/desktops/7900/the-best-desktop-computers-for-2020

B. Notebook Computer or Laptop is a small, portable computer and have

all the features of a desktop computer. The
advantage of the laptop is that it is small in size,
so it can be carried anywhere. Notebook
computers use a variety of techniques, known as
flat-panel technologies, to produce a lightweight
and non-bulky display screen. Laptops
Notebook Computers. (2020). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/notebook.htm

Computers are higher in cost than the desktop computers

C. Netbook. These are smaller notebooks

optimized for low weight and low cost, and are
designed for accessing web-based applications.
Netbooks deliver the performance needed to enjoy
popular activities like streaming videos ort music,
e-mailing, web surfing or instant messaging.

Notebook Computers. (2020). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/notebook.htm

D. Tablet A tablet is a wireless, portable personal

computer with a touchscreen interface. The
tablet form factor is typically smaller than a
notebook computer, but larger than a
smartphone.

Dan Seifert. (2019, July 31). Samsung’s Galaxy Tab S6 is its latest volley against the iPad Pro [Image].
https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/31/20748387/samsung-galaxy-tab-s6-tablet-announcement-price-specs-features

E. Handheld Computer or Personal

Digital Assistant(PDA) It is a
small computer that can be held
on the top of the palm. It is small
in size. PDA uses a pen or a
stylus for input, instead of the
Personal Digital Assistants for Doctors/Medical Practitioners. (2020). [Image]. https://www.medindia.net/pda/pda_ersuite.asp

keyboard. They have a limited memory and are less powerful.

PDAs can be connected to the internet via wireless connection.

PDA. (2019). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/pda.htm

F. Smart Phones are mobile phone

with highly advanced features. A

Sandeep Sarkar. (2018, December 26). 10 best ultra-premium smartphones of 2018 [Image].
https://www.gizbot.com/mobile/features/10-best-ultra-premium-smartphones-2018-056404.html
 typical smartphone has a high-resolution touch screen display, WiFi
connectivity, Web browsing capabilities, and the ability to accept
sophisticated applications. The majority of these devices run on any
of these popular mobile operating systems: Android, Symbian, iOS,
BlackBerry OS and Windows Mobile.

Different types of computer has different functions too which makes each computer
unique. Knowing the Types of computers gave us idea about what computer is used for
a specific purpose. Les us now jump to and learn the parts and peripheral devices of a
computer the different

B. PARTS OF COMPUTER and ITS PERIPHERALS

Parts of computer can be classified whether internal or external. The external parts of a computer are
those that can be observed with the naked eye without having to open or disarm the device. While the
internal is a term used to describe a device or part that is installed inside the computer.

INTERNAL PARTS OF COMPUTER

 Motherboard or Mobo is a printed circuit board and

foundation of a computer that is the biggest board in a
computer chassis. It allocates power and allows
communication to and between the CPU, RAM, and all
other computer hardware components.is the main
printed circuit board in a computer.
Motherboard. (2019). [Image]. Https://Www.Computerhope.Com/.https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/mothboar.htm

 Power Supply powers all other components of the

machine. It usually plugs into the motherboard to power
the other parts. The power supply connects to either an
internal battery (on a laptop) or a plug for an outlet (on a
desktop).

Source: Igor Schubin Computer Power Supply wire accessories background, Free Royalty www. Pixbay.com

 Central Processing Unit (CPU) referred to as a computer's brain. It.

performs most of the processing inside a computer. It processes all
instructions received by software running on the PC and by other hardware
components, and acts as a powerful calculator.
Source: Kerem yucel, Computer Chip, Free Royalty www. freeimages.com

STORAGE DEVICE
referred to as digital storage, storage media, or storage medium. It is any hardware that is capable of
holding information either temporarily or permanently.

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  Random Access Memory is a temporary form of memory. When you open
an application in our computer, the computer will place that application and
all its data in the RAM.
Source: Brandon Blikenberg Free RAM Stock Photo, Free Royalty, www. freeimages.com

 Hard Disk Drive. Since RAM is temporary, your computer needs a place
to store data permanently. That's where the hard drive comes in. The
traditional hard drive consists of several spinning platters with an arm that
physically writes data to the disk. However, these drives are slow and are
Source: Orgg, DVD Drive burner
starting to be replaced by the faster solid-state drives.
, Free Royalty www. pixabay.com

 Solid State Drive is consist of flash memory, like

your smartphone or flash drive. They are much
faster than traditional hard disk drives, though cost
What is a Solid-State Drive (SSD)?
more for the increased efficiency. Both types of
(2018). [Image]. https://store.hp.com/ drives come in various sizes to suit different needs.

 Video Card also called a display card, graphics card, display adapter,
or graphics adapter. It is used to enhance the quality of images
showed on a display. It is attached to the motherboard and controls
and calculates an image's appearance on the screen engineers.
Fisher, T. (2019). What Is a Video Card? [Image]. https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-a-video-card-2618161

 Optical Drives. Though less common than they used to be, many
machines still have an optical drive for
reading CDs and DVDs. These can be used
to listen to music or watch movies, place
information onto a blank disc , or install software from a disc.
Source: Orgg, DVD Drive burner, Free Royalty www. pixabay.com

Input and Output Devices Common input devices include mice (touchpads on laptops), keyboards,
and webcams, while output devices consist of monitors, printers, and speakers. Removable media
such as flash drives and SD cards can also be used to transfer data between computers.

External Part of Computer

 A monitor is an output device that displays video images and

text. A monitor is made up of circuitry, a screen, a power
supply, buttons to adjust screen settings, and casing that holds
all of these components.

Monitor. (2020). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/monitor.htm

 System Unit also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a desktop
computer. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and other components.
6 Basic Components of System Unit | description & functions. (2019).
[Image]. https://www.techchore.com/components-of-system-unit/

 Keyboard A computer keyboard is

one of the primary input devices
used with a computer. Similar to an
Keyboard. (2020). [Image].
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/k/keyboard.htm

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 electric typewriter, a keyboard is composed of buttons that create
letters, numbers, and symbols, as well as perform other functions.

 Mouse is a handheld hardware input device that controls a cursor in a GUI

(graphical user interface) and can move and select text, icons, files, and
folders on your computer.
Computer mouse. (2020). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/mouse.htm

In-text citation

Monitor, System unit, Keyboard and mouse are the basic external parts of computer. However,
there are a lot more devices that we can attach to computer enhance its performance. Let us
learn the peripheral devices that can be attached to a computer.

PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Peripherals are connected directly to a computer but it does not contribute to the computer's primary
function, such as computing. It helps end users access and use the functionalities of a computer. It is
commonly divided into three kinds: input devices, output devices, and storage devices.

Input Devices - An input device converts incoming data and instructions into a pattern of electrical
signals in binary code that are comprehensible to a digital computer. It is also used to enter data to a
computer. Input Devices includes:

 Scanner works more like a photocopy machine. It is used when some

information is available on paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disk of
the computer for further manipulation.
Computer Input Devices. (2020). [Image]. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm

 Digitizer is also known as Tablet or Graphics Tablet as it converts graphics

and pictorial data into binary inputs. A graphic tablet as digitizer is used for
fine works of drawing and image manipulation applications.
Computer Input Devices. (2020). [Image]. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm

 Barcode device is used for reading bar coded data (data in the form of light
and dark lines). Bar coded data is generally used in labelling goods,
numbering the books, etc. It may be a handheld scanner or may be embedded
in a stationary scanner.
Computer Input Devices. (2020). [Image]. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm

 Joystick is also a pointing device, which is used to move the cursor position on
a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its both lower and
upper ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The joystick can be
moved in all four directions.
Computer Input Devices. (2020). [Image]. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm

 The microphone is used for various applications such as

adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing
music.

Computer Input Devices. (2020). [Image].https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm

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 
Mouse is the most popular pointing device. It is a
very famous cursor-control device having a small
palm size box with a round ball at its base, which
senses the movement of the mouse and sends
corresponding signals to the CPU when the mouse buttons are pressed.
Computer Input Devices. (2020). [Image].https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm


Keyboard is the most common and
very popular input device which
helps to input data to the computer.
The layout of the keyboard is like
that of traditional typewriter,
although there are some additional keys provided for performing
additional functions.
Keyboard. (2020). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/k/keyboard.htm

Above devices are not the only examples of input devices. There are lots of input devices that is
used along with the computer. These are only some of the input devices. Now, Lets take a look
at the output devices that adds more functions to a computer.

Output Devices are any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually for display,
projection, or physical reproduction. For example, the image shows an inkjet printer, an output device
that can make a hard copy of anything shown on the monitor. Some of the output devices are as
follows:

 Headphones sometimes referred to as earphones, are a

hardware output device that either plugged into a
computer line out or speakers. Headphones allow you to
listen to audio or watch a movie without disturbing
people around you.

Headphones. (2019). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/headphon.htm

 A projector is an output device that can take

images generated by a computer or Blu-ray player
and reproduce them by projection onto a screen,
wall, or another surface. In most cases, the surface
projected onto is large, flat, and lightly colored.
Projector. (2017). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/projecto.htm

 A monitor is made up of circuitry, a screen, a power supply, buttons to

adjust screen settings, and casing that holds all of these components.

Monitor. (2020). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/monitor.htm

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  A printer is an external hardware output device that takes the electronic
data stored on a computer or other device and generates a hard copy of it.
Types of printer includes 3D printer, AIO (all-in-one) printer, Dot matrix
printer
Inkjet printer, Laser printer, LED printer, MFP (multifunction printer) Plotter, Thermal printer
Printer. (2019). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/printer.htm

 Braille reader, also called a braille display, is an

electronic device that allows a blind person to read
the text displayed on a computer monitor. The
computer sends the text to the output device, where
it's converted to Braille and "displayed" by raising
rounded pins through a flat surface.

Braille Reader. (2020). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/braille-reader.htm

 Plotter is a computer hardware device much like a printer that is

used for printing vector graphics. Instead of toner, plotters use a
pen, pencil, marker, or another writing tool to draw multiple ,
continuous lines onto paper rather than a series of dots like a
traditional printer.
GPS. (2020). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/plotter.htm

Another classification of Peripheral devices is the Storage. Storage devices are pieces of
computer hardware that is used for saving, carrying and pulling out data. It can keep and
retain information short-term or long-term. Here are the list of storage peripheral devices.

Storage Devices
 A hard disk drive (also known as a hard drive, HD,
or HDD) stores files for the operating system and
software programs, as well as user documents, such
as photographs, text files, videos, and audio. The
hard drive uses magnetic storage to record and
retrieve digital information to and from one or more
fast-spinning disks.
Storage Shift: The Time May Be Right for a New Form Factor. (2020). [Image].
https://www.itprotoday.com/storage/storage-shift-time-may-be-right-new-form-factor

 Floppy Disk Also know as a diskette, floppy, or

FD, the floppy disk uses magnetic storage
technology to store information. Floppy disks were
once a common storage device for computers and
lasted from the mid-1970's through to the start of
the 21st century. The earliest floppies were 8-inch
(203 mm) in size, but these were replaced by 5 1⁄4-inch (13 3 mm) disk
drives, and finally a 3 1⁄2 inch (90 mm) version.
Jowitt, T. (2017, April 7). Tales In Tech History: The Floppy Disk [Image].
https://www.silicon.co.uk/data-storage/storage/tales-tech-history-floppy-disk-209049

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  The compact disc, known for short as a CD, is a form of optical storage, a
technology which employs lasers and lights to read and write data.
Initially com pact discs were used purely for music, but in the late 1980's
they began to be also used for computer data storage.

Compact Disk (CD). (2020). [Image].

https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/compact-disc

 The DVD (digital versatile disc) and Blu-ray disc (BD) are formats of digital
optical disc data storage which have superseded compa ct discs, mainly
because of their much greater storage capacity. A Blu-ray disc, for example,
can store 25 GB (gigabytes) of data on a single-layer disc and 50 GB on a
dual-layer disc. In comparison, a standard CD is the same physical size, but
only holds 700 MB (megabytes) of digital data

DVD. (2020). [Image]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD

 USB Flash Drive Also known as a thumb drive, pen

drive, flash-drive, memory stick, jump drive, and
USB stick, the USB flash drive is a flash memory
data storage device that incorporates an integrated
USB interface. Flash memory is generally more
efficient and reliable than optical media, being
smaller, faster, and possessing much greater storage
capacity, as well as being more durable due to a lack of moving parts.
Flash Drive. (2020). [Image]. https://www.philips.com.ph/c-p/FM12FD65B_97/usb-flash-drive

 Secure Digital Card (SD Card) A common type of memory card, SD

cards are used in multiple electronic devices, including digital cameras
and mobile phones. Although there are different sizes, classes, and
capacities available, they all use a rectangular design with one side
"chipped off" to prevent the card from being inserted into the camera or
other device the wrong way.

Choudhary, S. (2019, June 27). What’s the Difference Between SD and Micro SD Memory Cards? [Image].
https://medium.com/hackernoon/whats-the-difference-between-sd-and-micro-sd-memory-cards-dba4ff23c4f1
 Solid State Drive (SSD) A solid state drive uses
flash memory to store data and is sometimes used in
devices such as netbooks, laptop, and desktop
computers instead of a traditional hard disk drive.
The advantages of an SSD over a HDD include a
faster read/write speed, noiseless operation, greater
reliability, and lower power consumption. The
biggest downside is cost, with an SSD offering lower capacity than an
equivalently priced HDD.

Faulkner, C. (2020). Samsung’s new 870 QVO lineup features its first 8TB SSD for consumers
[Image]. https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/30/21306860/samsung-new-870-qvo-ssd-sata-8tb-drive

To make a computer fully functioning it has to have a software that can suppor a computer's
basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals.
At this section, we are going to learn more about Operating system, its functions and the most
common used/ installed operating system.

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What is an Operating system?

An operating system or OS is a software installed on a computer's

hard drive that enables the computer hardware to communicate and
operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating
system, a computer and software programs would be useless.

What is Operating System? Types of OS & Features.

(n.d.). [Image]. https://www.guru99.com/operating-
system-tutorial.html

Character User Interface or Command-Line User Interface, CUI

When computers were first introduced, the users interacted with them
using a command line interface. Short for character user interface or
command-line user interface, CUI is a way for users to interact with
computer programs. It works by allowing the user (client) to issue
commands as one or more lines of text to a program. Good examples
of CUIs are MS-DOS and the Windows Command Prompt.

MS-DOS. (2019). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/msdos.htm

Graphical User Interface, or GUI

Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). It lets you use
your mouse to click icons, buttons, and menus, and everything is clearly displayed on the screen using
a combination of graphics and text.

GUI overview
Below is a picture of the Windows 7 desktop and an example of a GUI.

GUI. (n.d.). [Image]. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/g/gui.htm

GUI Overview. (n.d.). [Image].

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/g/gui.htm

Functions of an Operating System

An operating system software performs each of the function:

1. Memory Management - Keeps track of the primary

memory, i.e. what part of it is in use by whom, what
part is not in use, etc. and allocates the memory when a
process or program requests it.

16
 2. Processor Management − Allocates the processor (CPU) to a process and deallocates the
processor when it is no longer required.
3. Device Management − Keeps track of all the devices. This is also called I/O controller that
decides which process gets the device, when, and for how much time.
4. File Management − It manages all the file-related activities such as organization storage,
retrieval, naming, sharing, and protection of files.
5. Security − Prevents unauthorized access to programs and data by means of passwords and
other similar techniques.
6. Job Accounting − Keeping track of time & resource used by various job and users.
7. Control Over System Performance − Records delays between the request for a service and
from the system.
8. Interaction with the Operators − Interaction may take place via the console of the computer
in the form of instructions. The Operating System acknowledges the same, does the
corresponding action, and informs the operation by a display screen.
9. Error-detecting Aids − Production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging
and error-detecting methods.
10. Coordination Between Other Software and Users − Coordination and assignment of
compilers, interpreters, assemblers, and other software to the various users of the computer
systems.
11. Networking - A distributed system is a group of processors which do not share memory,
hardware devices, or a clock. The processors communicate with one another through the
network.

3 Common Computer Operating Systems

1. MICROSOFT WINDOWS, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system
was developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers. Microsoft was founded by Bill
Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975. Windows comes pre-loaded on most new PCs, which helps to
make it the most popular operating system in the world.

Windows. (n.d.). [Image]. https://www.pentagram.com/work/windows/story Windows. (n.d.). [Image]. https://www.pentagram.com/work/windows/story

Evolution of Operating Systems:

DOS or Disk Operating System was the first operating system used by
IBM-compatible computers. It was originally available in two versions
that were essentially the same, but marketed under two different names.

17
PC-DOS was the version developed by IBM and sold to the first IBM-compatible manufacturers
throughout 1980s. MS-DOS was the version that Microsoft bought the rights to, and was bundled
with the first versions of Windows.

MS-Dos. (n.d.). [Image]. Www.Britannica.Com.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/MS-DOS

 Windows 1.0 was introduced in November 20, 1985. It was initially

sold for $100. The use of Windows 1.0 as a GUI meant that MS-DOS
users didn’t have to manually enter text commands just to complete
basic tasks. Now, they could carry out tasks and browse their own
files by just pointing and clicking on icons and menus.

Anita George. (2020, April 6). The history of Windows: How the OS has changed over time
[Image]. https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/the-history-of-windows/

 Just two years later, in 1987, the technology company released

Windows 2.0. This version of Windows included such notable
features as overlapping windows, resizable windows, keyboard
shortcuts, and support for VGA graphics. The first Windows versions
of Word and Excel also made their debut with Windows 2.0.
Anita George. (2020, April 6). The history of Windows: How the OS has changed over time
[Image]. https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/the-history-of-windows/

 Windows 3.0 came out in 1990 and offered 256 color support. It
features multitasking DOS programs which may have
contributed to Windows’ flow in popularity. Another notable
feature of Windows 3.0 is that it’s the version that saw the first
appearance of the classic desktop game Solitaire.
Anita George. (2020, April 6). The history of Windows: How the OS has changed over time
[Image]. https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/the-history-of-windows/

 In 1992, Windows 3.1 delivered quite a few new and essential

features, such as support for TrueType fonts, the ability to drag
and drop icons,

Anita George. (2020, April 6). The history of Windows: How the OS has changed over time
[Image]. https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/the-history-of-windows/


Windows 95 came out in 1995. It was the
first 32-bit version of Windows (previous
versions had been 16-bit) new features
include the taskbar, the Start menu, long
file names, and plug-and-play capabilities
in which peripheral devices only needed
to be connected to a PC in order to work
properly. Windows 95 also saw the
introduction of Microsoft’s web browser, Internet Explorer.

18
 Windows 95. (n.d.). [Image]. Microsoft.Fandom.Com.
https://microsoft.fandom.com/wiki/Windows_95

 Windows 98 came out in 1998. It offers

support for a number of new technologies.
It’s most visible feature is the web
browser’s and other internet-based
programs and tools, such as Outlook
Express, Microsoft Chat.

Windows 98. (n.d.). [Image]. Microsoft.Fandom.Com.

https://microsoft.fandom.com/wiki/Windows_95


Windows 2000 had a real focus on
accessibility and introduced several
features to the OS, including Sticky Keys,
a high-contrast theme, Microsoft
Magnifier, an on-screen keyboard, and a
screen reader known as Microsoft Narrator.
It allows users to choose the language in
Windows 2000. (n.d.). [Image]. Microsoft.Fandom.Com.
https://microsoft.fandom.com/wiki/Windows_95 which their display would be viewed. The
users could choose from a variety of languages, including Arabic,
Japanese, and Greek.

 Windows ME stands for “Millennium

Edition. Some of its useful tool includes
System Restore, a recovery feature that, in
the event your computer starts having
problems due to a poorly executed
installation of a program or update,
updates can be remove and restore your
computer back to how it was before .
Windows ME. (n.d.). [Image]. Microsoft.Fandom.Com.
https://microsoft.fandom.com/wiki/Windows_95

 Windows XP was released in 2001 and

is widely considered to be great among
the versions of Windows that Microsoft
had to offer. There were two main
versions of the OS. Home was for
personal use, and Professional was geared toward being used in work
settings.
Some features include plug and play and utilization of the 802.11x
wireless security standard networks for connecting wireless LANS.

Windows XP. (n.d.). [Image]. Microsoft.Fandom.Com.

https://microsoft.fandom.com/wiki/Windows_95

 Vista was released in 2007. It

introduced some helpful features,
though, like Windows Defender,

Windows Vista. (n.d.). [Image]. Microsoft.Fandom.Com.

https://microsoft.fandom.com/wiki/Windows_95 19
 DirectX 10 (for PC gaming), speech recognition, and Windows
DVD Maker.

Windows 7 was launched on 2009.

Enhancements and new features include
multi-touch support, Internet Explorer 8,
improved performance and start-up time,
Aero Snap, Aero Shake, support for
virtual hard disks, a new and improved
Windows Media Center, and improved security.

Windows Vista. (n.d.). [Image]. Microsoft.Fandom.Com.

https://microsoft.fandom.com/wiki/Windows_95

 Windows 8 was released on 2012 and is

a completely redesigned operating
system. User interface primarily consists
of a Start screen made up of Live Tiles,
which links to applications and features
that are dynamic and updated in real
time, the ability to log in with a Microsoft account, support for USB
3.0 and an actual lock screen.

Accessing System Commands. (n.d.). [Image].

https://news.microsoft.com/accessing-system-
commands/

 Windows 10 came out in 2015. Some

features of Windows 10 included the
introduction of Cortana, a native digital
personal assistant; the ability to switch
between tablet and desktop mode; and a
new web browser called Microsoft
Edge.

Anita Georger. (2020, April 6). The history of Windows:

How the OS has changed over time [Image].
https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/the-history-of-
windows/

2. MACOS – Macintosh OS previously called OS X, is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It

comes preloaded on all Macintosh computers, or Macs. Some of the specific versions include Mojave
(released in 2018), High Sierra (2017), and Sierra (2016). Steve Jobs is the co-founder and chief
executive officer of Apple Company.
MacOS users account for less than 10% of global operating systems—much lower than the percentage of
Windows users (more than 80%). One reason for this is that Apple computers tend to be more expensive.
However, many people do prefer the look and feel of macOS over Windows.

20
Computer Basics - Understanding Operating Systems. (n.d.). [Image].
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/understanding-operating-systems/1/

3. Linux- (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open-source operating systems, which means they can
be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is different from proprietary software
like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it. The advantages of Linux are
that it is free, and there are many different distributions or versions you can choose from.
Linux users account for less than 2% of global operating systems. However, most servers run Linux
because it's relatively easy to customize. Linus Torvalds, a software engineer is the creator and the
principal developer of the Linux.

S.K. (n.d.). Inxi: Find System And Hardware Information

On Linux [Image]. https://www.unixmen.com/inxi-find-
Computer Basics - Understanding Operating Systems. (n.d.). system-hardware-information-linux/
[Image].
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/understanding-
operating-systems/1/

PRACTICE TASK 1

21
A. Direction: Write in the table below the types of computers according to its size and data handling
capabilities then answer the follow up questions. Write your answer in your data notebook.

SIZE DATA HANDLING CAPABILITIES

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4.
5.

1. What is the impact to you of knowing how the computers are classified and what are its types?
How does it affect you? How can knowing the types of computers help you in choosing suitable
computer for a certain purpose?

__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

2. Why is it advantageous to understand the different parts of computers? How will it help you in
your future study as CSS student?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

PRACTICE TASK 2

Unscramble the functions of operating systems give a short description of it . Write your answer in
your data notebook .

ROMEYM ENEMNTMAAG

ORPECSS E N E M N T M A A G

CIDEEV ENEMNTMAAGG

22
LIFE E N E M N T M A A G
 TIECUSRY

OJBN T CCANIUONG

RORRE DTECTINGE SAID

Match Column A with Column B. Writhe the letter of your answer on the space before the number.
Write your answer in your data notebook.

______1. A storage device much faster than Hard Disk Drive. It A. Random Access
consist of flash memory, like your smartphone or flash Memory (RAM)
drive.
______2. A kind of volatile memory which holds temporary data you B. System Unit
open an application.
______3. Includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM and other C. Input/ Output
Components. Also called “tower” or “Chasis”. Devices
______4. Devices that includes mouse, monitor, removable device D. Hard Disk Drive
etc.
______ 5. A non- volatile type of storage where saved file is being E. Solid State Drive
stored.
______ 6. Processes all instructions received by software running on F. Central Processing
the PC. It acts as powerful calculator. Unit
______ 7. Used to enhance the quality of images showed on a display. G. Video Card
It controls and calculates an image's appearance on the
screen.
______ 8. Powers all other components of the machine. It plugs into H. Storage Device
the motherboard to power other parts.
______ 9. The main printed circuit board in a computer which all I. Power Supply
components and external peripherals are connected.
______ 10. Any hardware that is capable of holding information either J. Motherboard
temporary of permanently.

23
Direction: Read the sentence carefully. Encircle the correct answer from the given choices. Write
your answer in your data notebook.

1. It is a general-purpose computer that is designed for individual use. It is also known as personal
computer
A. Mainframe C. Minicomputer
B. Microcomputer D. Workstation

2. Which type of computer features both analogue and digital computer?

A. Analogue Computer C. Hybrid Computer
B. Digital Computer D. Micro Computer

3. It is a mid-size multiprocessing computer consist of 2 or more processors and can support 4-200
users at a time;
A. Mainframe C. Minicomputer
B. Microcomputer D. Workstation

4. What part of computer performs the calculations needed by a system and can vary in speed? They
are referred to as computer’s brain
A. Central processing Unit C. Random Access Memory
B. Hard Disk Drive D. Video Card

5. What is referred to as the main printed circuit board in a computer through which all components
and external peripherals are connected.

A. Central processing Unit C. Motherboard

B. Hard Disk Drive D. Storage Device

Think of a body part or organ that can be compared to the parts of a computer below. Draw them and
make brief description of what similarities it has with computer parts in terms of functionality.

COMPUTER BODY
PARTS PARTS DESCRIPTION

24
 1. CPU

2. Video Card

3. System Unit

4. Hard Disk Drive

5. Mother Board

Pre-Test

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D

ACTIVITY 1

Parts of Computer
1 Video Card
2 Hard Drive
3 Motherboard
4 Power Supply
5
6

Types of Computer
1 Hybrid Computer
2 Analogue
3 Digital Computer
4

25
ACTIVITY 2

26
 Peripheral Devices are devices that be attached to computer to add more functionalities. Peripheral
devices are categorize into 3, the input, output and storage Devices. Input devices and used to enter
data to computer, while output devices are used to reproduce or display images. Examples of
peripheral devices are keyboard, scanners, printer, Headphone and many more.

ACTIVITY 3

1 DOS
2 DOS WITH WINDOWS 3.X
3 WINDOWS 9X
4 WINDOWS ME
5 WINDOWS NT
6 WINDOWS 2000
7 WINDOWS XP
8 WINDOWS VISTA
9 WINDOWS 7
10 WINDOWS 8
11 WINDOWS 10

1. The oldest Operating system is DOS and the newest or the latest on the list is Windows 10.
2. The 3 biggest developer companies of Computer operating systems are Windows, Apple and
Linux
3. The key persons these companies are Steve Jobs for Apple, Bill Gates for Windows and Linus
Torvalds for Linux.
4. In Philippines, Among the 3 biggest companies, Windows is the most used/installed
Operating system not because it surpasses the ability/functionality of MAC OS but because
Windows is way more cheaper than that of owning computer with MAC OS as its operating
system.
5. It is important to have an operating system to make a computer running. A computer without
operating system is useless.
6. You will know that a computer has an operating system when after turning on, you can see a
logo displaying in the screen, whether it is a windows logo, a MAC logo, Linux logo and
others. Also, being able to do even a simple task like playing a song, seeing your desktop,
navigating to different menus and having a software inside your computer are few of the
proof that your computer has an operating system.

PRACTICE TASK 1

27
 SIZE DATA HANDLING CAPABILITIES
1 Analogue 1. Supercomputer
2. Digital 2. Mainframe computer
3. Hybrid 3. Miniframe or Minicomputer
4. Workstation
5. Microcomputer

1. What is the impact to you of knowing how the computers are classified and what are its types?
How does it affect you? How can knowing the types of computers help you in choosing suitable
computer for a certain purpose?

Classification of computers can help me a lot in choosing which computer is used for a certain
purpose, it gives me clear idea on what features or abilities each type of computer has. Now
that I have better understanding about computer types, I am now able to share that knowledge
to others and I can now value the facts like why supercomputers are used by large companies
like NASA and the like.

2. Why is it advantageous to understand the different parts of computers? How will it help you in your
future study as CSS student?

Understanding the different parts of computer is an advantage in the journey as CSS student.
It can help me a lot because basically computers is one of the main subject in the study. There
are also specific topics in CSS that deals with computers, like computer assembly,
troubleshooting and others.

PRACTICE TASK 2

28
 ROMEYM ENEMNTMAAG
MEMORY MANAGEMENT Memory Allocator

ORPECSS E N E M N T M A A G
PROCESS MANAGEMENT Allocates and deallocates processor

CIDEEV ENEMNTMAAGG
DEVICE MANAGEMENT Input/output controller

LIFE E N E M N T M A A G Manages retrieval, naming sharing and

FILE MANAGEMENT protection of files

TIECUSRY
SECURITY Prevents unauthorized access

OJB T CCANIUONG Prevents unauthorized access

JOB ACCOUNTING

Tracks error messages and other

RORRE DTECTINGE SAID debugging method
ERROR DETECTING AIDS

29
 PRACTICE TASK 3

1. E 6. F

2. A 7. G

3. B 8. I

4. C 9. J

5. D 10. H

30
References:

Computer Hardware Servicing Module Grade 7 & 8

Learning Module
Department of Education

Computer Hope. (2020, June 8). What is a Computer Mouse? Computerhope.Com.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/mouse.htm
Computer - Input Devices - Tutorialspoint. (2020). Tutorialspoint.Com.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm

Computer Basics: Understanding Operating Systems. (n.d.). GCFGlobal.Org.

https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/understanding-operating-systems/1/
Computer - Operating System - Tutorialspoint. (n.d.). Tutorialspoint.Com.

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_operating_system.htm
DOS (Disk Operating System) Definition. (n.d.). Techterms.Com.
https://techterms.com/definition/dos
What is Windows 7? Webopedia Definition. (n.d.). Webopedia.Com.
https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/Windows_7.html
George, A. (2020, April 10). The history of Windows: How the OS has changed over time.
Digital Trends. https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/the-history-of-windows/
The History of Windows Operating Systems - Webopedia. (n.d.). Webopedia.Com.
https://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/history_of_microsoft
_windows_operating_system.html
Marc Davis. (2019, June 25). Steve Jobs’ 10 Most Innovative Creations. Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1111/steve-jobs-10-most-innovative-
creations.aspx

Goodman, P. (2020, July 12). Computer Basics: 10 Examples of Storage Devices for Digital
Data. TurboFuture. https://turbofuture.com/computers/Examples-of-Data-Storage-Devices

31